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A SL Physics 2024/2025 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Distance (m)

A

How far you have travelled

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2
Q

Displacement

A

Distance travelled in a particular direction

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3
Q

Speed

A

Rate of change of distance

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4
Q

Velocity

A

Rate of change of position

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5
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate of change of velocity

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6
Q

Projectile

A

An object moving through the air under the influence of only gravity

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7
Q

Resultant force

A

Sum of all forces acting on an object

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8
Q

Surface friction

A

The force that opposes motion between the surfaces of two solid objects

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9
Q

Viscous drag

A

Drag force acting on a moving object due to the viscocity of the fluid it is moving through

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10
Q

Bouyancy

A

The ability of a fluid to provide a vertical upwards force on an object placed in or on it

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11
Q

Gravitational Field

A

A region of space where an object will experience a force due to its mass

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12
Q

Linear momentum

A

Product of mass and velocity of an object

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13
Q

Elastic collision

A

No kinetic energy is lost

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14
Q

Centripetal force

A

Unbalanced force that acts to create circular motion

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15
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Energy possessed by an object due to its motion or position

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16
Q

Work

A

Transfer of energy

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17
Q

Efficiency

A

Ratio of how much useful energy/work or power we get out of a system

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18
Q

Isochronus

A

Oscillation repeats with the same time period

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19
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum displacement from equilibrium position

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20
Q

Frequency

A

Number of oscillations per second

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21
Q

Period

A

Time for one complete oscillation

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22
Q

Phase

A

Measure of how in step different particles are

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23
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

Type of oscillation that takes place when the acceleration of and the force on an object are proportional to the displacement and in the opposite direction

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24
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Vibrate parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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25
Q

Transverse waves

A

Particles vibrate at right angles to direction of energy transfer

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26
Q

Mechanical waves

A

Need a medium to travel through

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27
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

Do not need a medium to travel through, are all transverse waves, can travel through a vacuum, 3x10^8 ms-1

28
Q

Angular velocity (w)

A

Angular displacement divided by time taken

29
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

30
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Is due to the position of an object when close to the surface of the Earth

31
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Energy stored in an object that has been deformed elastically

32
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of the average random Ek of the molecules in an object

33
Q

Internal energy

A

Total intermolecular potential energy and total random Ek of the molecules

34
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a substance by 1K

35
Q

Specific latent heat

A

Amount of energy per unit mass of a substance absorbed or released during a change of phase without a change in temperature

36
Q

Thermal conduction

A

Transfer of energy without any overall movement of molecules or atoms

37
Q

Thermal conductivity (K)

A

Measure of how good a thermal conductor is at transferring energy through itself

38
Q

Convection

A

Thermal energy is transferred by the bulk movement of molecules/atoms

39
Q

Thermal radiation

A

Emission of electromagnetic radiation by an object

40
Q

Emissivity (e)

A

How close to a black body an object is

41
Q

Albedo

A

The proportion of incident radiation reflected

42
Q

Solar constant

A

The amount of solar energy that falls per second on an area of 1m^2 above the Earth’s atmosphere

43
Q

Current

A

Rate of flow of electric charge

44
Q

Electric potential difference

A

The work done or energy transferred per unit charge on moving a positive charge between two points along the path of the current

45
Q

Resistance

A

Ratio of the potential difference across a component to the current flowing through it

46
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

The current flowing through a piece of metal is proportional to the potential difference cross it providing the temperature remains constant

47
Q

Electrical power

A

The amount of energy used or supplied per unit time

48
Q

EMF

A

Energy supplied per unit charge by the cell to the circuit

49
Q

Phase

A

A measure of how in step different particles are

50
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

A type of oscillation tat takes places when the acceleration of and force on an object is proportional to the displacement and acts in an opposite direction

51
Q

Angular frequency

A

This is the angular speed that an object undergoing circular motion would have if it were to match SHM (rads-1)

52
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

Particles vibrates parallel to the direction of energy transfer

53
Q

Transverse waves

A

Particles of the medium vibrate at right angles to the direction of energy transfer

54
Q

Displacement position graphs

A

Shows the displacement of a range of particles along the length of the medium

55
Q

Displacement time graphs

A

Motion of one particle of the medium over a period of time

56
Q

Mechanical wave

A

Needs a medium to travel through

57
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

Do not require a medium to travel through, all transverse waves, travel at 3x10^8
through a vacuum

58
Q

Total internal reflectionn

A

When light is travelling from a more to less optically dense medium and angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle

59
Q

Diffraction

A

When waves move past an obstacle or through a gap and spread out

60
Q

Constructive interference

A

When two waves meet in phase and form a resultant wave with amplitude equal to sum of the two waves

61
Q

Destructive interference

A

When two waves meet 180* out of phase and cancel out to give a wave of 0 amplitude

62
Q

Principle of superposition

A

If two or more waves meet, the resultant displacement at any point is found by adding the displacements produced by each individual wave

63
Q

Standing waves

A

When two waves of the same type meet and have the same amplitude, the same frequency and travelling in opposite directions

64
Q

Resonant frequency

A

Natural frequency at which they oscillate

65
Q

Resonance

A

If a system is forced to oscillate at it’s natural frequency, there is a large increase in the amplitude of the osciallations

66
Q

Damping

A

Dissipation of energy from an oscillator due to resistive forces

67
Q

Doppler effect

A

Change in observed frequency of a wave when there is relative motion between the wave source and the observer

A SL Physics 2024/2025 (13 decks)

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