Definitions Flashcards
Definition of cardiogenic shock
Syndrome of life threatening tissue hypoperfusion due to inadequate cardiac output from primary cardiac dysfunction. (Cold and wet vs warm and dry etc)
What is sepsis?
Life threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection
What is haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Triad of
- microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
- thrombocytopenia
- renal failure
What is thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura?
5 signs
- thrombocytopenia
- MAHA
- fluctuating neurological signs
- renal impairment
- fever
DIC is late ominous sign
Major incident
Any occurrence that presents serious threat to the health of the community or causes such number of casualties that special arrangements will be required
Big bang
Rising tide
Cloud on the horizon
Headline news
Command and control systems in major incident
Strategic command - gold (big picture objectives)
Tactical - silver (planning and coordination)
Operational - bronze (management of hands on work )
What is the pulmonary interstitium?
Alveolar interstitium
Capillary interstitium
Basement membrane
Perivascular tissue
Perilymphatic tissue
Anaphylaxis
World allergy organisation
- Serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction
- usually rapid onset
- can cause death
Severity of COPD
GOLD stage (%predicted FEV1)
Mild >80
Moderate 50-80
Severe 30-50
Very severe <30
Portal hypertension
Hepatic venous pressure gradient
- mild 5-10
- clinically significant above 10
Causes ascites, varies and decompensated cirrhosis
Hepato-renal syndrome clinical criteria
- Diagnosis of cirrhosis and ascites
- Diagnosis of AKI
- No response to 2 consecutive days of diuretic withdrawal and plasma expansion with albumin
- Absence of shock
- No current/recent nephrotoxic drugs
- No macroscopic signs of structural renal injury (proteinuria, microhaematuria, renal US)
DKA criteria
BM >11
Ketones >3
pH <7.3 / bicarbonate <15
Severe DKA
B: spo2 <92%
C: systolic by <100 / HR >100 or <60
D: GCS <12
F: ketones >6
pH <7.1
Bicarbonate < 5
K< 3.5 on admission
Anion gap. >16
Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state
Complication of type 2 diabetes
- Hyperglycaemia >30 (no ketones, no acidosis)
- hypovolaemia
Serum osmolality >320 (2x Na + urea + glucose)
Immersion vs submersion
Immersion = airway above surface
Submersion = whole body below surface including airway
Drowning
Process by which immersion or submersion in a liquid medium results in primary respiratory impairment
Stages of cold water shock
Cold shock: thermoreceptors sense cooling and act to increase cardiac output
- tachypnoea, inhalational gasp, tachycardia and vasoconstriction
- risk of decompensating existing cardiovascular disease
Short term immersion leading to cooling, poor nerve conduction and swimming failure
Long term immersion causing hypothermia, ataxia, shivering, dysarthria, amnesia
Circumrescue collapse
- cold diuresis and loss of hydrostatic squeeze so should be rescued supine
- sympathetic slump due to reduced catecholamine
- core after drop with cold blood recirculating causing arrhythmias
Osmolality
Number of moles per kg of solvent
Osmolalrity
Osmoses per litre of solution
Osmotic pressure
Pressure required to prevent movement of solvent molecules by osmosis across a semipermeable membrane
Cushing’s syndrome
High steroid levels causing
- moon face, obesity and hirsutism
- diabetes and hypertension
- osteoporosis and pancreatitis
Can be from exogenous steroid use
Conn’s syndrome
Primary hyperaldosteronism
- adrenal hyperplasia or aldosterone secreting adenoma
Causing hypokalaemia, hypernatraemia, muscle weakness and hypertension
Anaphylaxis
Serious allergic reaction that is rapid in action and may cause death.
Life threatening airway / breathing / circulatory symptoms
Vitamin K dependent clotting factors
2, 7, 9 & 10
Plus the anticoagulants protein C and protein S
