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Chem > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

define lattice

A

millions of atoms in a regular structure
regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions.

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2
Q

define an Atom

A

The smallest particle that cannot be further broken down.

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3
Q

define a compound

A

2 or more diff. types of atoms chemically bonded together

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4
Q

define a molecule

A

particles made of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together (can be same or diff. type of atoms)

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5
Q

define an element

A

same type of atoms

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6
Q

define an ion

A

a charged particle

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7
Q

define aqueous

A

dissolved in solution

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8
Q

define molten

A

melted

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9
Q

(off topic) define Resolution

A

the smallest reading on a piece of equipment.
eg, stop watch counts 2.05s,, the resolution (smallest reading is 0.05)

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10
Q

define volatile

A

turns to a gas easily (low boiling point)

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11
Q

define diffusion

A

moment of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration as a result of their random motions

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12
Q

define pressure

A

force acting perpendicular to a surface per unit area

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13
Q

define net force

A

define net force

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14
Q

define a mixture

A

2 or more elements / compounds mixed together that can be separated by physical means

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15
Q

Define an isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

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16
Q

define an ionic bond

A

transfer of electrons between positive metal ions and negative non metal ions

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17
Q

define metallic bond

A

positive metal ions in a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons

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18
Q

define malleable

A

can be bent or hammered into shape

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19
Q

define ductile

A

can be drawn into wires

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20
Q

define a covalent bond

A

shared pair of electrons between non metals

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21
Q

define molecular formula

A

number of each type of atoms present (chemical formula)

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22
Q

define empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms present

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23
Q

define relative atomic mass

A

the average mass of isotopes of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

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24
Q

define atomic mass

A

proton + neutron

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25
Q

define atomic number

A

proton

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26
Q

define relative molecular mass

A

sum of relative atomic masses in molecular formula

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27
Q

name for group 1

A

alkaline metals

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27
Q

define relative formula mass

A

sum of relative atomic mass in empirical formula

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28
Q

name for group 2

A

alkaline earth metals

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29
Q

name for group 7

A

halogens

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30
Q

name for group 0

A

noble gases

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31
Q

define precipitate

A

solid product

32
Q

define exothermic reaction

A

a reaction that releases energy

33
Q

define endothermic reaction

A

a reaction that absorbs energy

34
Q

define physical change

A

involves a change in substance’s form

35
Q

define pure

A

a substance that contains a single element or compound, not mixed with any other substances

36
Q

define chemical change

A

involves making a new substance and change in energy

37
Q

define impure

A

a substance that contains more than 1 element or compound, mixed with other substances

38
Q

define solvent

A

substance that dissolves a solute

38
Q

define solute

A

a substance that is dissolves in a solvent

39
Q

define mixture

A

contains 2 or more substances not chemically combined

39
Q

define solution

A

mixture that is made up of 1 or more substances

40
Q

define solubility

A

how easily a substance dissolves

41
Q

define saturated solution

A

solution containing maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in a solvent at a given temp.
(no more solute can dissolve in it)

42
Q

define residue

A

a substance that remains after distillation, evaporation or filtration

43
Q

define crystallisation

A

when a liquids that contains soluble solute is evaporated to leave the soluble solute behind

44
Q

define filtrate

A

solution at pass through a filter paper

45
Q

define evaporation

A

turning the liquid into gas to be lost from the substance using heat

46
Q

define immiscible and miscible

A

-immiscible- liquids that don’t mix
-miscible- liquids that mix

47
Q

define filtration

A

passing solution over a filter paper and collecting the filtrate

48
Q

define chromatography

A

method of separating mixtures of soluble substances

49
Q

define stationary phase

A

the paper in paper chromatography

50
Q

define a chromatogram

A

result of separating the components of a mixture by chromatography

51
Q

define the mobile phase

A

solvent in paper chromatography

52
Q

define Rf value

A

retention factor

53
Q

define baseline

A

line that is drawn in an insoluble substance and where the inks are placed

54
Q

define solvent front

A

-furthest point the solvent travels
-for calculating Rf value

55
Q

define successful collision

A

-collisions with enough energy to react

56
Q

define anomaly

A

result that doesn’t fit the pattern

57
Q

define limiting reactant

A

reactant that is used up first in a reaction

58
Q

define activation energy

A

The minimum energy colliding particles require to react

59
Q

define catalyst

A

-substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction but is unchanged at the end of the reaction

60
Q

define exothermic reaction

A

-reaction that transfers heat energy to surrounding so temp. goes up

61
Q

define endothermic reaction

A

-reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surrounding so temp. goes down

62
Q

define Enthalpy change

A

-The difference between the energy required to break bonds and the energy released to make bonds

63
Q

define delocalised

A

free to move

64
Q

define alloy

A

A mixture of a metal with another substance

65
Q

define brass

A

An alloy of copper and zin

66
Q

define steel

A

alloy that contains iron and other substances

67
Q

define ore

A

A rock that contains a high enough percentage of metal for economic extraction

68
Q

define galvanizing

A

coating iron/ steel in a layer of zinc

69
Q

define hematite

A

-ore containing iron oxide
-Fe2O3

70
Q

define bauxite

A

-ore containing aluminum oxide
-Al2O3

71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q
A
75
Q
A

Chem (12 decks)

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