Definitions

Question 1

chromosomes

Answer 1

one DNA molecule that is made up of coding DNA and non-coding DNA between and within genes

Question 2

homologous pair

Answer 2

two chromosomes that are made up of the same genes in the same order

Question 3

gamete

Answer 3

a sex cell

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

containing one copy of each type of chromosome

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

containing two copies of each type of chromosome

Question 6

gene linkage

Answer 6

the tendency of alleles that are located close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during meiosis

Question 7

sex linkage

Answer 7

genes that are located on the sex chromosome are sex-linked as their specific trait will be passes on with either male or female

Question 8

crossing over

Answer 8

non-sister chromatids exchange corresponding sections of DNA to give new combinations of alleles on the chromatids

Question 9

independent assortment

Answer 9

the variable arrangement of homologous pairs during metaphase that give different combinations of paternal and maternal chromosomes

Question 10

cell

Answer 10

the basic unit that living organisms are made of a specific function.

Question 11

tissue

Answer 11

a group of similar specialised cells working together to carry out one function

Question 12

organ

Answer 12

a structure made of different tissues which work together the carry out one or many functions

Question 13

organ systems

Answer 13

a group of organs working together to carry out a particular function

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

a sequence of nucleotides on DNA that codes for a protein

Question 15

allele

Answer 15

one form of a gene

Question 16

locus

Answer 16

the location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 17

phenotype

Answer 17

the appearance of the characteristic in an indivudal

Question 18

genotype

Answer 18

the alleles the individual has for a particular characteristic

Question 19

variation

Answer 19

the difference that exists between members of a single species

Question 20

two main courses of variation

Answer 20

genetic and environmental factors

Question 21

continuous variation definition

Answer 21

where there is a complete range of measurements from one extreme to the other, there is no discrete categories and is based on measurable features

Question 22

discontinuous variation definition

Answer 22

where an individual falls into distinct categories and based on features which are not measured

Question 23

continuous variation characteristics

Answer 23

caused by polygenic genes, often with multiple alleles and there is a large environmental influence.

Question 24

discontinuous variation characteristic

Answer 24

caused by different alleles of the same gene at a single loci, there is no environmental influence on the phenotype.