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Chemistry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Mole

A

The amount of substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of carbon -12

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2
Q

Transition Element

A

A d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d-subshell
Transition element atoms lose their 4s electrons first when forming +ions (cations)

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3
Q

Atomic Orbital

A

Is a region within an atom, around the nucleus, that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins

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4
Q

Acid

A

A proton (H+) donor

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5
Q

Base

A

A proton (H*) acceptor

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6
Q

Atomic Number

A

Equal to number of protons in nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

Mass Number

A

Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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9
Q

Relative Atomic Mass(Ar)

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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10
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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11
Q

Alkali

A

A base that dissolved in water and releases OH- ions in aqueous solutions

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12
Q

Strong and Weak acid

A

S- completely dissociates into its ions in aqueous solutions

W- partially dissociates into its ions in aqueous solutions

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13
Q

Salt

A

A compound produced when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4+

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14
Q

Successive ionisation energies

A

Successive ionisation energies are a measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn

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15
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions

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16
Q

Homologous series

A

A family of compounds containing the same functional group but with each successive member of the series differing by a -CH2 group

17
Q

Structural isomerism

A

Moles with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

18
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound that contains ONLY hydrogen and carbon atoms

19
Q

Functional group

A

An atom/group responsible for the characteristic reactions of the compound

20
Q

Aromatic compounds

A

Compounds containing a benzene ring

21
Q

Aliphatic compounds

A

Compounds of carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

22
Q

Homolytic Fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond where one electron from the bonding pair goes to each atom to form two radicals

23
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond where one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonding pairs to form two ions with opposite charges

24
Q

Alicyclic compounds

A

Arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

25
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

a reaction where heat energy is released to the surroundings.

The enthalpy change for the an exothermic reaction has a negative(-) sign

Bond forming gives out energy=exo

26
Q

endothermic reaction

A

A reaction where heat energy is absorbed from the surroundings

the enthalpy change when an endothermic reaction has a positive(+) sign

Bond breaking requires energy= endo

27
Q

stereoisomers

A

compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space

28
Q

electrophile

A

Electrophile is an electron pair acceptor

29
Q

curly arrow

A

Arrow shows the movement of an electron pair to either break or make covalent bond

30
Q

enthalpy change of neutralisation

A

enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of H2O from neutralisation under standard conditions

31
Q

enthalpy change of formation

A

enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions

32
Q

enthalpy change of combustion

A

enthalpy change for the complete combustion of one mole of a substance under standard conditions

33
Q

Average bond enthalpy

A

The average enthalpy change for the breaking of one mole of bonds in gaseous molecules by homolytic fission

34
Q

Dehydration of an alcohol

A

a reaction where a H2O molecule is removed from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule

35
Q

Nucleophilic Substitution

A

CH3CH2OH + NaBr + H2SO4 ->CH3CH2Br NaHSO4 + H2O
conditions: heat under reflux

36
Q

nucleophile

A

electron pair donor

Chemistry (7 decks)

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