Definitions Flashcards
demography
statistical study of population characteristics such as birth rates, death rates, aging populations and net migration rates
flexitime
system that allows workers to have a degree of autonomy to determine when they work (so long as they complete their work by set deadlines)
gig economy
refers to labour markets where workers
are typically on temporary contracts or carry out
freelance work as independent contractors
homeworking
an aspect of flexitime whereby people work
from their own home
human resource management
the role
of managers in planning and developing the organization’s
people
human resource planning/workforce planning
the management process of forecasting an organisation’s current and future staffing needs
migrant workers
people who move to other countries in search of better job prospects and opportunities
mobility of labour
the extent to which workers are
flexible enough to move to different locations and in changing to different jobs
net migration
measures the difference between the number of
workers entering a country (immigration) and the number of
people leaving (emigration)
portfolio workers
those who simultaneously carry out a
number of different jobs, often for various contractors, usually
on a temporary basis
teleworking
working away from the office by using
electronic forms of communication
6 change approaches
education & communication, participation & involvement, facilitation & support, negotiation & agreement, manipulation & co-option, explicit & implicit coercion
accountability
describes the extent to which a person is held responsible for the success or failure of a task or job
workforce
refers to the number of employees at any one point in a particular organization
bureaucracy
the official administrative and formal rules
of an organization that govern business activity
centralisation
when the majority of decision making
is done by a very small number of people (usually the senior team)
chain of command
the formal line of authority,
shown in an organization chart, through which formal
communications and orders are passed down
decentralisation
when decision making authority and
responsibility are shared with others in the organization
delayering
the process of removing levels in the hierarchy to
flatten the organizational structure
delegation
the empowerment of a person lower down in the
organizational structure by passing on control and decision making authority to complete a certain task or role
flat/horizontal organisational structure
there are only a few layers in the formal hierarchy and hence managers have a relatively wide span of control
hierarchy
refers to the organizational
structure based on a ranking system
levels of the hierarchy
number of layers of formal
authority in an organization.
line manager
the person directly above an employee
in the organizational structure
managers
the people responsible for the day-to-day running
of the business or a department within the organization
matrix structure
a flexible type of organizational
structure of representatives from different departments, temporarily working together on a particular project or job
organisation by function
structuring a workforce
organizations according to business functions
organisation by product
structuring a workforce
according to the goods or services produced or sold
organisation by region
refers to structuring a workforce
according to different geographical areas
organisation chart
diagrammatic representation of a firm’s
formal structure of human resources
organisational structure
the formal interrelationships
and hierarchical arrangements of human resources within a
business
outsourced workers
the individuals or organizations hired on a
contract basis to carry out specific but non-core roles
peripheral workers
the
contingent workers consisting of part-time and temporary staff
hired by the organization to provide greater flexibility
professional core
the core
workers consisting of full-time specialists (professionals)
project-based organisation
arranges human resources
around particular projects, each led by a project manager
responsibility
person in charge of whom and in what
role or capacity
shamrock organisation
Charles Handy’s model
that organizations are increasingly made up of core staff who
are supported by peripheral workers and outsourced workers
span of control
refers to the number of subordinates overseen
by a manager
tall/vertical organisational structure
there
are many layers in the hierarchy and hence managers have a
narrow span of control
manager
someone with decision-making authority within
an organization and has responsibility for problem solving in
order to achieve specific organizational goals
leadership
skill of getting things done through other
people by inspiring, influencing and invigorating them to
achieve organizational goals
management
the practice of achieving an organization’s
objectives by using and controlling the available human and
non-human resources of the business in an effective way
appraisal
formal assessment of an employee’s
performance in fulfilling his or her job based on the tasks and
responsibilities set out in their job description
division of labour
the process of breaking down different aspects of a job or task and assigning different people to each
particular part of the work in order to improve efficiency and increase
output
empowerment
non-financial motivator that involves
developing the potential of workers or teams by granting them for the business to fill a vacant post.
the authority to make decisions
remuneration
the overall compensation package, such
as salaries, commission, profit-related pay, performance-related
pay, share ownership schemes and fringe benefits
training
the process of providing opportunities for workers
to learn and acquire employment-related skills and knowledge
teamwork
form of non-financial motivation, which
water, shelter and warmth. involves the combined efforts of a group of workers to achieve
organizational goals
