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Human Resources > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

demography

A

statistical study of population characteristics such as birth rates, death rates, aging populations and net migration rates

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2
Q

flexitime

A

system that allows workers to have a degree of autonomy to determine when they work (so long as they complete their work by set deadlines)

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3
Q

gig economy

A

refers to labour markets where workers
are typically on temporary contracts or carry out
freelance work as independent contractors

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4
Q

homeworking

A

an aspect of flexitime whereby people work
from their own home

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5
Q

human resource management

A

the role
of managers in planning and developing the organization’s
people

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6
Q

human resource planning/workforce planning

A

the management process of forecasting an organisation’s current and future staffing needs

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7
Q

migrant workers

A

people who move to other countries in search of better job prospects and opportunities

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7
Q

mobility of labour

A

the extent to which workers are
flexible enough to move to different locations and in changing to different jobs

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7
Q

net migration

A

measures the difference between the number of
workers entering a country (immigration) and the number of
people leaving (emigration)

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8
Q

portfolio workers

A

those who simultaneously carry out a
number of different jobs, often for various contractors, usually
on a temporary basis

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8
Q

teleworking

A

working away from the office by using
electronic forms of communication

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8
Q

6 change approaches

A

education & communication, participation & involvement, facilitation & support, negotiation & agreement, manipulation & co-option, explicit & implicit coercion

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8
Q

accountability

A

describes the extent to which a person is held responsible for the success or failure of a task or job

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8
Q

workforce

A

refers to the number of employees at any one point in a particular organization

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9
Q

bureaucracy

A

the official administrative and formal rules
of an organization that govern business activity

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10
Q

centralisation

A

when the majority of decision making
is done by a very small number of people (usually the senior team)

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11
Q

chain of command

A

the formal line of authority,
shown in an organization chart, through which formal
communications and orders are passed down

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12
Q

decentralisation

A

when decision making authority and
responsibility are shared with others in the organization

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13
Q

delayering

A

the process of removing levels in the hierarchy to
flatten the organizational structure

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14
Q

delegation

A

the empowerment of a person lower down in the
organizational structure by passing on control and decision making authority to complete a certain task or role

15
Q

flat/horizontal organisational structure

A

there are only a few layers in the formal hierarchy and hence managers have a relatively wide span of control

16
Q

hierarchy

A

refers to the organizational
structure based on a ranking system

17
Q

levels of the hierarchy

A

number of layers of formal
authority in an organization.

18
Q

line manager

A

the person directly above an employee
in the organizational structure

19
Q

managers

A

the people responsible for the day-to-day running
of the business or a department within the organization

20
Q

matrix structure

A

a flexible type of organizational
structure of representatives from different departments, temporarily working together on a particular project or job

21
Q

organisation by function

A

structuring a workforce
organizations according to business functions

22
Q

organisation by product

A

structuring a workforce
according to the goods or services produced or sold

23
Q

organisation by region

A

refers to structuring a workforce
according to different geographical areas

24
Q

organisation chart

A

diagrammatic representation of a firm’s
formal structure of human resources

25
Q

organisational structure

A

the formal interrelationships
and hierarchical arrangements of human resources within a
business

26
Q

outsourced workers

A

the individuals or organizations hired on a
contract basis to carry out specific but non-core roles

27
Q

peripheral workers

A

the
contingent workers consisting of part-time and temporary staff
hired by the organization to provide greater flexibility

28
Q

professional core

A

the core
workers consisting of full-time specialists (professionals)

29
Q

project-based organisation

A

arranges human resources
around particular projects, each led by a project manager

30
Q

responsibility

A

person in charge of whom and in what
role or capacity

31
Q

shamrock organisation

A

Charles Handy’s model
that organizations are increasingly made up of core staff who
are supported by peripheral workers and outsourced workers

32
Q

span of control

A

refers to the number of subordinates overseen
by a manager

33
Q

tall/vertical organisational structure

A

there
are many layers in the hierarchy and hence managers have a
narrow span of control

34
Q

manager

A

someone with decision-making authority within
an organization and has responsibility for problem solving in
order to achieve specific organizational goals

35
Q

leadership

A

skill of getting things done through other
people by inspiring, influencing and invigorating them to
achieve organizational goals

35
Q

management

A

the practice of achieving an organization’s
objectives by using and controlling the available human and
non-human resources of the business in an effective way

36
Q

appraisal

A

formal assessment of an employee’s
performance in fulfilling his or her job based on the tasks and
responsibilities set out in their job description

37
Q

division of labour

A

the process of breaking down different aspects of a job or task and assigning different people to each
particular part of the work in order to improve efficiency and increase
output

38
Q

empowerment

A

non-financial motivator that involves
developing the potential of workers or teams by granting them for the business to fill a vacant post.
the authority to make decisions

39
Q

remuneration

A

the overall compensation package, such
as salaries, commission, profit-related pay, performance-related
pay, share ownership schemes and fringe benefits

40
Q

training

A

the process of providing opportunities for workers
to learn and acquire employment-related skills and knowledge

41
Q

teamwork

A

form of non-financial motivation, which
water, shelter and warmth. involves the combined efforts of a group of workers to achieve
organizational goals

Human Resources (8 decks)

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