Definitions Flashcards
what is diabetes mellitus?
group of metabolic diseases charcaterised by hyperglycaemia due to defects with insulin secretion, insulin action or both
what is epilepsy
chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures
what is a stroke
- acute neurologic injury that occurs as a result of a blockage or a bleed within the brain
whats a Acquired brain injury
refers to any damage to the brain after birth
what is chornic stable agina
refers to chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period with the same pattern of onest, duration and intensity of symptoms
what is angina
- myocardial oxygen demands - oxygen supply to the myocardium
- angina is the term for chest pain
what is coronary artery disease
leads to ischaemia caused by narrowed heart arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles
what is arterial blood gases
the arterial blood gas is a lab test used to measure the body’s acid base balance and oxygenation within the arterial blood
what is pneumonia
inflammation of lung parenchyma which causes an alteration in gas exchange
what is alkalosis
condition resulting from a higher than normal level of base in the blood and tissue
what is metabolic acidosis
condition of low blood pH resulting from excess acid produced or loss of base
what is respiratory acidosis
condition of low blood pH resulting from respiratory dysfunction - CO2 cannot be effectively removed by the lungs - CO2 accumulate in the blood - more acidic
what is respiratory alkalosis
condition of high pH due to excessive ventilation, resulting in excess excretion of CO2 from the lungs - less H+ - more alkalotic.
what is acidosis
condition resulting from higher than normal acid levels in the blood and tissues
what is pH
measurement of free H+
pH is measured according to the amount of H+ present
what is COPD (chornic obstructive pulmonary disease)
common, preventable and treatable disease that is characterised by persistant respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway or alveolar abnormalities usally caused by signficant exposure to particles or gases
what is asthma
heterogenous disease characterised by chronic ariway inflammation
what is a antagonist
chemical/ drug which binds to receptors and prevents the activation of a receptor - blocks a response from the cell/ tissue
what is an agonist
- chemical/ drug which binds to receptors and activates it - triggers a response
what are receptors
a protein molecule found on the surface of a cell, and recieve chemical signals to produce a response from the cell
what is inflammation
the inflammatory response is a defense mechanism activated in response to cell and tissue injury
what is type 1 diabetes
- results from beta cell destruction
- severe or absolute insulin deficiency
- chronic hyperglycaemia
what is type 2 diabetes
- caused by insulin resistance at target tissues
- relative insulin deficiency
- hyperglycaemia
what is gestational diabetes
- the development of glucose intolerance during pregnancy
- risk of progression to t2d
preventers
what are corticosteroids
- anti-inflammatory drugs used to decrease airway inflammation
- inhaled or taken orally
what is metabolic alkalosis
condition of high pH resulting from excessive retention of HCO3 or loss H+
what is compensation
the attempt by the body to maintain homeostasis by correcting the pH
what is respiratory system
will reflect changes in respiratory activity - CO2 level is an indicator of respiratory acid base balance
what is renal (metabolic) system
will reflect changes in metabolic activity - HCO3 level is an indicator of metabolic acid base balance
what is acute coronary syndrome
when ischaemia is prolonged and not immediately reverisble
what is cardiovascular disease
condition or disease involving the heart or vessels/ circulation
