Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

SOUND: All waves carry ______ from one location to another

A

Energy

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2
Q

Acoustic propagation properties
the effects of the _____ upon the sound wave

A

MEDIUM

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3
Q

Compressions: areas of _______ pressure/density

Rarefactions: areas of _______ pressure/density

A

Compressions= INCREASED
Rarefactions= DECREASED

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4
Q

Sound= __________, longitudinal wave

A

MECHANICAL

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5
Q

Sound travels in a _______ line

A

STRAIGHT

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6
Q

List the 3 Acoustic variables

A

PRESSURE, DENSITY, DISTANCE

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7
Q

Transverse wave= particles move in a ___________ direction

Longitudinal wave= Particles move ____and _______ in the ______ direction

A

Perpendicular= transverse
Back & forth, Same direction= longitudinal

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8
Q

Acoustic parameters= describe the _______ of a particular sound wave

A

Features

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9
Q

Period= the time required to complete a ______ cycle

A

Single

UNCHANGED

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10
Q

Frequency= number of certain _____ that occur in a particular time duration

-UNCHANGED

A

Events

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11
Q

Audible sound is between __ Hz to 20,000 Hz yes heard

Ultrasound= greater than
Infrasound = less than 20 Hz; frequency too low

A

20

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12
Q

List the 3 bigness parameters (can be changed)

A

Power, Amplitude, Intensity
PAI

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13
Q

Amplitude= the difference between the average value and the ________ value of the acoustic variable
DB

A

Maximum value

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14
Q

Power= the _____ work is performed. Rate of energy transfer.
-Watts
-Sound source
-decreases as sound travels
-changed

Power is proportional to the waves amplitude squared

A

Rate

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15
Q

When the amplitude is tripled, the power is increased by the factor of _____
3x3=

A

9

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16
Q

When the amplitude is halved, power is decreased by a factor of _____

A

4 ; quartered !

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17
Q

When the amplitude is doubled, power is increased by a factor of

A

4; quadrupled
2x2=4

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18
Q

Intensity= the __________ of energy in a sound beam.

Beams power divided by area
INTENSITY= Power/Beam Area

Watts/cm2
Changed

Intensity is a key parameter for _____

Intensity is NOT UNIFORM across a sound beam

A

Concentration
Bioeffects

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19
Q

Wavelength= _______ or distance of a single cycle.
-mm
-BOTH MEDIUM/SOURCE
-UNCHANGED
0.1-0.8

WAVELENGTH= SPEED/FREQUENCY
L=C/F

A

LENGTH

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20
Q

Higher frequency= ________ wavelength
Lower frequency = ________ wavelength

A

Higher= Shorter
Lower= Longer

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21
Q

Speed= rate that sound travels through medium
-mm/us
-MEDIUM ONLY
-UNCHANGED
1,540

Sound = slow medium= ____ wavelength
Sound = fast medium= ________ wavelength

A

Slow= short
Fast = long

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22
Q

Gas is _______
Solid is ______

A

Gas = slower
Solid= faster

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23
Q

Air 330 =

A

Slowest

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24
Q

Bone= 2,000-40000

A

Fastest

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25
Stiffness and speed = _____ direction -bulk modulus Density and speed= _____ direction -compressibility/elasticity
Stiffness = same Density = opposite
26
Interference= _____ waves overlap at the same location, and at the same time and combine into a single new wave
Two waves
27
Constructive interference (IN-PHASE) = amplitude of the new, combined wave is _________ then the original two waves. Deconstructive interference(OUT-OF-PHASE) = amplitude of the new wave is _____than original wave
GREATER Less than
28
In diagnostic imaging, short _____ acoustic energy are required to create an atomic images CW CANNOT CREATE IMAGES! A pulse= collection of cycles that travel together
Pulses
29
Pulse duration= start of one pulse to the end of that pulse -โ€œ______โ€ time/TALKING TIME -time -sound source PD= PERIOD x # of cycles -UNCHANGED 2-4 cycles
Actual time
30
SPL= spatial pulse length= distance or _____ from start to the end of one pulse -PD& SPL= directly related -BOTH MEDIUM/SOURCE -UNCHANGED -SPL affects _______ resolution Shorter pulses= ______ quality images SPL= WAVELENGTH X # OF CYCLES
Length Axial resolution Higher quality
31
PRP= time from the START of one pulse to the START of the NEXT pulse. -listening time -PRP & depth= directly related -CHANGED -PRP is determined by_____
Depth
32
PRF= number of _____ created by the system in one second -Hz -SOURCE -CHANGED -PRF& DF= directly related ++ PRF &PRP= INVERSELY R (-)(+) -PRF determined by_____ -PRF IS NOT RELATED TO ______
Pulses Depth Not related to Frequency
33
Shallow image = _____ PRF Deeper image= ______ PRF
Higher Lower
34
Duty factor = ________ or fraction of time that the system transmits sound -UNITLESS -SOURCE -CHANGED -small value, less than ____% CW= 100% Little talking, lots of _______
Percentage 1% Lots talking
35
Shallow image= ______ DF DEEEPER IMAGE=_____ DF
Higher Lower
36
Spatial: an ultrasound team does not have the same intensity at different ________ within the beam -DISTANCE/SPACE
LOCATION
37
Temporal= pulsed ultrasound does not have same intensity at different ________ ALL TIME
TIMES
38
SPTP= ________ value SATA= _____ value SPTA= ______
Highest Lowest Bio effects
39
3dB= ____ bigger -3dB= ______ One quarter=
2x One half -6dB
40
The relative change in a sound beams intensity is measured in
dB
41
Attenuation= DECREASE in ______ of sound wave The further sound travels, the ____ attenuation SPEED & ATTENUATION = ______!
STRENGTH MORE Unrelated
42
List the 3 components of Attenuation
1. Absorption-most important 2. Scattering 3. Reflection
43
Less attenuation = _____ distance _____ frequency
Less A= shorter D, lower F
44
More attenuation= ______ distance ______ frequency
Longer distance Higher frequency
45
Air is much much ____ attenuation than in soft tissue
AIR=MORE
46
Lung & bone= _____ than soft tissue
More
47
Water is much much _____ than in soft tissue
Water= Less
48
In soft tissue, LOWER frequency = _____attenuation -PENETRATE FURTHER
Less
49
T/F? Air>>>Bone & lung>> soft tissue>> water
True
50
REFLECTION: occurs when propagating sound energy STRIKES a boundary between two media and _____ returns to the transducer
Some
51
SPECULAR reflection: reflections from a _______ reflector (MIRROR) & return in _____ direction -wavelength is much smaller Strikes boundary at 90 degrees -VESSEL WALL
SPECULAR = SMOOTH mirror
52
Strongest reflections are produced ______ incidence -90 degrees
Strongest = NORMAL incidence
53
DIFFUSE/Backscatter= reflection of sound generally back towards the transducer, but in ______ directions -disorganized -ROUGH BOUNDARY -Same size as wavelength
Multiple directions
54
Scattering: RANDOM _____ frequency = more scatter
Higher frequency = more scatter
55
Rayleigh Scattering: ______
Scatter
56
Attenuation coefficient= ONE-HALF THE FREQUENCY 0.5db/cm/MHz Remains the same no matter how far Frequency & attenuation coefficient= _______ related
DIRECTLY RELATED
57
IMPEDANCE number associated with a _______ -RAYLS= Z -CALCULATED/not measured Impedance = DENSITY x SPEED
MEDIUM
58
Incident intensity= intensity of a sound wave, _____ to striking a boundary Reflected intensity= ________ striking a boundary, changes direction, and returns back from where it came Transmitted intensity= after striking a boundary, continues on in the same general direction that it was originally traveling Incident intensity = reflected, intensity + transmit it, intensity
Before= incident AFTER striking = reflected
59
Intensity, reflection, coefficient IRC= ________ the intensity that bounces ______ when the sound strikes a boundary Intensity, transmission coefficient ITC= ________ of the incident intensity, that, ______ striking a boundary, continues on the same general direction IRC + ITC= 100%
IRC= Percentage ; bounces back ITC= percentage; after
60
Snellโ€™s Law= describes the physics of _________
Refraction
61
REFRACTION= transmission with a ______ (like Beckham) -________ in direction as sound transmits from one medium to another Requires: ________ incidence _________ speeds
BEND Transmits -oblique incidence -Different speeds
62
Time-of-flight= time needed for a pulse to travel to, and from the transducer in the reflector When time of flight is measured, we can determine reflector _____
Depth
63
13 microsecond rule = every 13 us of go-return time means reflector is __cm deeper in body
1 cm
64
Piezoelectric effect= property of certain materials to create a _______ when PRESSURE IS APPLIED or when material is mechanically _______. -change shape
VOLTAGE DEFORMED
65
Piezoelectric materials: Synthetic = PTZ= lead ______ titanate Natural= quartz, tourmaline
Zirconate
66
Curie temperature = PZT heated 360-680 -PZT is _________ DESTROYED
PZT IS DEPOLARIZED
67
Active element= -CERAMIC, PZT, CRYSTAL it is ____ wavelength THICK
Active element = 1/2 wavelength THICK
68
Case= protects the _______ components from damage and insulates the patient from electrical shock
Internal
69
Matching layer= IMPEDANCE between those of the SKIN and the ACTIVE ELEMENT _________ transmission between the active element and skin. ________ wavelength thick
INCREASE Matching layer = ONE-Quarter wavelength thick
70
Damping/Backing material= REDUCES โ€œ________โ€ Material is bonded to active element Short pulses create more accurate images Made from : Continuous wave transducers do not require damping material
Damping= reduce RINGING Epoxy resin
71
Bandwidth = RANGE of _______ between the highest and lowest frequency emitted from the transducer Imaging probes are _____ bandwidth or broadband
FREQUENCIES, WIDE
72
Quality factor= ______ number related to DAMPING Low-Q= ______ & _____ bandwidth (imaging pulsed transducers) High-Q= _______ & ______ bandwidth (CW & therapeutic transducers)
UNITLESS number LOW Q= DAMPING/WIDE HIGH Q= NO DAMPING/ NARROW
73
CW transducers: sound frequency= ______ frequency
Electrical frequency
74
Pulsed transducers: the main or ______ frequency of sound from a pulsed transducers, determined by two characteristics of the Crystal: 1. 2. Higher frequency = ____ crystal ____ PZT Lower Frequency = ____ crystal ____ PZT
Pulsed transducers Center 1. THICKNESS 2. SPEED of PZT material High F= THIN crystal FAST PZT LOW frequency= THICK SLOW PZT
75
Beam width= as sound travels width of beam changes -starts out SAME SIZE as transducer _____ or APERTURE -gets ______ until it reaches smallest diameter then beam diverges
Diameter Narrower
76
______ beams create better images ๐Ÿ˜Š
NARROW BEAMS= ๐Ÿ˜Š
77
Focus/focal point= location where the beam reaches its ________ diameter
Minimum
78
Focal depth/near zone length= __________ from the transducer to the focus
DISTANCE
79
Near zone/FRESNEL = region in between the transducer and the _______. -sound beams _______ in the near zone Far zone/FRAUNHOFER= region, deeper than the focus, ________ the Near field -Sound beams ________ in far zone
FOCUS; CONVERGE Beyond, DIVERGE
80
At transducer= ______ as transducer aperture
SAME
81
At END of Near zone= ____ of transducer aperture
1/2
82
At 2 near zone lengths = _____ as transducer aperture
SAME
83
Deeper than 2 near zones= ______ than transducer aperture
GREATER
84
PZT diameter = transducer _______
Aperture
85
Focal depth determined by two factors
1. Transducer diameter/aperture 2. Frequency.
86
Shallow focus= ________ diameter, ____ frequency Deep focus= ______ diameter, _____ frequency
Small, low Large, high
87
Sound beam divergence= _____ of the sound beam in the deep FAR ZONE
SPREAD
88
Less divergence= _______ diameter active element _______ frequency _______ beam in far field _______ Lateral resolution
Less Divergence = Large d High frequency Narrow Improved lateral
89
More divergence = _______ diameter active element _______ frequency _______ beam in far field _______ Lateral resolution
More divergence = SMALL D LOW FREQ WIDE BEAM DEGRADED LATERAL
90
Diffraction pattern= __-shaped also called ________ wavelet. When produced by a _____ source, with a size near the wave length of the sound, waves will diverge in the shape as they propagate.
Diffraction = V-SHAPED HUYGENS WAVELET
91
Huygensโ€™s Principle= _______ shape -tiny sound source Result of ________ & destructive interference
Hourglass shape Constructive
92
Resolution = ability to image ________
Accurately
93
Axial resolution= ability to distinguish two structures that are close to each other, _____to _____, PARALLEL to, or ALONG the beams main axis Better axial resolution = ______ pulses -UNCHANGED mm,cm AXIAL R= SPL/2
Front to back, parallel SHORTER PULSES
94
Less ringing means ______ cycles
Fewer cycles
95
Higher frequency means ______ wavelengths
Shorter
96
Axial resolution improves with _____ ringing, fewer cycles _______ frequency sound, shorter wavelengths Axial resolution is best using transducers with the highest frequency and fewest numbers of cycle per pulse
Less ringing Higher frequency
97
True or false high frequency transducers create more accurate images. As frequency increases, axial resolution decreases
True
98
Lateral resolution= the ________ distance that two structures are separated by _____-to_____ or PERPENDICULAR that produces two distinct echoes. -distance Lateral resolution ________ at deeper depth in the far zone Better at near zone
Minimum Side to side Degrades
99
Lateral resolution= beam ______ Beam width variation Point spread artifact
Diameter
100
T/F? LATERAL RESOLUTION is usually NOT AS GOOD as axial resolution because sound pulses are WIDER than they are short.
True
101
T/F? In the far field, HIGH FREQUENCY pulsed sound has NARROWER beams, compared to lower frequencies in the far Field.
True
102
______ frequency IMPROVES image detail
HIGH FREQUENCY
103
____ frequencies provide deeper penetration
LOW frequencies
104
Axial vs lateral
Yup
105
2D images may be referred to as โ€œ___-modesโ€ since they are grey scale
2D=B-Mode
106
Mechanical scanning -one disc shaped element (coin) -moved by a ______ -oscillating crystal or mirror -CONVENTIONAL/______ : curvature of PZT focuses beam at specific depth -FAN SHAPED -Scanline spread apart, creating ____ at greater depths
Motor Fixed Gaps
107
Transducer Arrays collection of active elements in a ____transducer
Single
108
Linear switched -Rectangular -no steering -_____ line dropout
Vertical
109
Phased arrays: adjustable focus or _____-focus -_________ STEERED -sector shaped Phase delays -steering can become erratic
Multi focus Electronically steered Poor steering
110
Contrast resolution= visualizing a ______ of gray shade in an image. Few gray shades= _____ contrast resolution many gray shades = ______ contrast resolution
VARIETY Few gray= poor Many gray = good
111
Spatial resolution= DETAIL affected by _______ & __________ resolution, line ________ (3 things) Fine detail= ______ spatial resolution Limited detail= ______ spatial resolution
Axial, lateral, line density Fine= good Limited= bad
112
Real-time imaging= ______ ๐ŸŽฅ Series of frames displayed in rapid sequence to give the impression of constant motion
๐ŸŽฅ
113
Temporal resolution= ability to accurately locate moving structures at any particular instant in time Temporal resolution depends on _____ rate 20hz-100hz
Frame rate
114
Frame rate is determined by imaging ______ and # of _______ per image
Depth, pulses per image
115
Frame rate is limited to 2 factors: 1. ________ of sound 2. Imaging DEPTH
Speed
116
T/F: speed is a limitation of temporal resolution
True
117
4 settings to change temporal resolution: 1. # of pulses per scan line 2. _______ size 3. Maximum _____ 4. Line ________
Sector size Depth Line Density
118
Temporal resolution improved= -______ frames made each second -_____ time to make image -______ or fewer pulses
TP improved= MORE FRAMES LESS TIME SHALLOWER
119
Temporal resolution degraded= -______ frames made each second -_____ time to make image -______ or MORE pulses
LESS FRAMES MORE TIME DEEPER
120
T/F shallow depth makes frame faster
True
121
High temporal resolution = ________ frame rate _________ imaging _________ pulses per image SINGLE focusing ________ sector LOW LINE DENSITY Better movie, lower quality image
High frame rate Shallow imaging Fewer pulses Narrow sector
122
LOW temporal resolution = ________ frame rate _________ imaging _________ pulses per image Multi-focusing ________ sector HIGH LINE DENSITY POOR movie, lower quality image
Low frame rate DEEP imaging More pulses Wide sector
123
Tf and frame rate are _______ Tf x FR= 1
Reciprocals
124
Master synchronizer= communicates with ____ of the individual components of the ultrasound system. Organizes, synchronizes and times their functions, so as to operate as a single integraded system
All
125
Pulser= controls the _______ signals sent to the act of elements for sound pulse generation -determines the _____, PRF, pulse amplitude -creates the _______ pattern for ______ array systems called the BEAM FORMER
Electrical signals PRP FIRING PHASED ARRAY
126
Transducer converts electrical into _________ energy during transmission Converts returning acoustic energy into ______ energy during reception
Acoustic energy Electrical energy
127
Receiver:
128
Output, power when output power is changed, the strength of every transmitted pulse to the ______ changes -can be changed -impacts brightness of entire image Low output power= ______ image High output power= BRIGHTER IMAGE
Body Low = darker image
129
Signal-to-noise ratio Signal= meaningful portion of the data = ๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ‘ Noise= ๐Ÿ˜ก inaccurate High signal to noise ratio= _____ quality image; stronger signal ๐Ÿ˜Š Low signal to noise ratio= _____ quality image; NOISE is stronger ๐Ÿ˜ก
High quality Low quality
130
T/F: increasing output, power is the primary way to improve signal to noise ratio
True
131
Receiver: boosts the ________ of these signals, processes them, and prepares them for display TGC, gain, reject, dynamic range
Strength
132
Gain: _________ the strength of all electrical signals in the receiver BEFORE further processing. -adjusted -db -changes brightness ๐Ÿ”… of entire image! Uniform; identical Preamplifier alters gain _____ gain is applied
Increases strength Before
133
Compensation or TGC= used to create _______ BRIGHTNESS ๐Ÿ”† from ____ to bottom! Compensation treats echoes differently, depending upon the depth that which they arise -Compensation makes an image ______ bright at ALL depths Higher frequency = ____ compensation because it attenuates more Low frequency = ______ compensation because it attenuated less
UNIFORM BRIGHTNESS ๐Ÿ”… TOP TO BOTTOM Equally High frequency = more c Low frequency = less c
134
Dynamic range= adjust the grayscale range within the image. Allows us to see _____ gray shades and different tissues. -changes gray scale ______ -adjusted
All Mapping
135
Reject= displays ____ level echoes Eliminates ____level noise! -only affects low level signals, but does not affect bright echoes
Reject = Low level Low level
136
Contrast agents= also called โ€œ micro _______โ€ of gas in trapped in a shell -Have different acoustic finger print than blood or tissue. There is a large impedance difference between contrast agents and biologic tissues. -Create strong reflections, that light up the chambers
Bubbles
137
T/f: output power affects patient exposure
True
138
T/F: when the image is too bright, due to HIGH output power, the lateral and longitudinal resolution degrade
True
139
T/F: gain affects the brightness by changing the amplification of the electronic signals after returning to the receiver. GAIN does not affect patient exposure.
True
140
ALARA= As ____ as Reasonably Achievable -MINIMIZE PATIENT EXPOSURE! Reduce output power FIRST! -better to use a ____ frequency transducer than increasing output power ๐Ÿฅฐ
Low Low
141
Harmonics= multiples of the transducer frequency Creates ultrasound, imaging by processing reflections, that are _____ the transmitted frequency Harmonics are created in ______ Non linear behavior created harmonics
TWICE 2x Tissues!
142
Pulse inversion, harmonic imaging= degrade, temporal resolution while improving _____ resolution (detail)
Spatial resolution
143
Bistable= black or _____ On or ____ high/low contrast? Narrow/wide dynamic range? Poor/good contrast resolution?
Bistable= White Off High contrast Narrow dynamic range POOR contrast R ๐Ÿ˜”
144
Gray scale= ______ shades of gray MULTIPLE LEVELS low/high contrast? Wide/narrow dynamic range? Good/poor contrast resolution?
Gray scale= Many shades Low contrast Wide GOOD contrast resolution ๐Ÿ‘
145
Brightness ๐Ÿ”† = related to the ______ of the image ๐Ÿ’›
BRILLIANCE
146
Contrast= determines the _____ of brilliance is that are displayed. BISTABLE= high contrast
CONTRAST= RANGE
147
Analog= REAL WORLD ๐ŸŒŽ Continuum of values -actual weight of an individual Digital= COMPUTER ๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธ WORLD= attains to ONLY _____ values -measuring weight on a digital scale
DISCRETE
148
Scan converters= CHANGES the data _____ from spokes to horizontal lines of the display. Makes gray scale display possible
Format
149
Pixel= smallest/largest element of a digital picture?
PIXEL= smallest !
150
Pixel density= the MORE pixels per inch, the MORE ____ in the image โ€”-spatial resolution Low pixel density= _____ detail High pixel density= ____ detail
Detail Low pixel density = poor detail High pixel density= good detail
151
Spatial resolution is related to the number of lines per frame Few lines= ____ detail More lines= ____ detail
Few lines= poor More lines= good
152
Bit = binary digit ๐Ÿงก Smallest amount of storage A bit is ______ Group of bits assigned to each pixel to store gray scale color More bits=____ shades of gray = BETTER CONTRAST RESOLUTION ๐Ÿ‘ Few bits= ___ gray shades Poor contrast
Many shades Less
153
Binary number= group of ____ Series of zeros and ones Ex: 001001 Digital = binary Binary numbers based on 2
Bits
154
Byte= group of __ bits! 2 bytes= 16 bits is a word
8
155
What number of shades can be represented by 10 bits?
10 bits= Multiply by 2 , 10 times 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2= 1024!
156
T/F 3 bits can display only 8 shades of gray 2x2x2= 8
True
157
4 bits can display ___ shades
16
158
How many bits are needed to represent 10 shades of gray?
4 bits
159
How many bits are needed to represent 11 shades of gray
4 bits
160
How many bits are needed to represent 15 Shades of Grey
4 bits
161
Preprocessing= manipulating data before storage in scan ______ -altered forever
Converter
162
Post processing= after= performed on a _____ image
FROZEN ๐Ÿฅถ
163
T/F electrical signals, created by the PZT are analog
True
164
Analog to digital converter: Analog-digital = analog signal display on tv iPod is a D-A conversion
True
165
Ultrasound system
Correct
166
Read magnification = blurry image -DOES NOT RESCAN, only reads ____ image data! -__processing (after/frozen) SAME LINE DENSITY _____ pixels Spatial resolution _____ improved Temporal resolution UNCHANGED
Old images Post processing Larger pixels Not improved
167
Write magnification = RESCANS, acquires NEW data, gets rid of old data -writes _____ data -____processing (before) -MORE PIXELS -Improved spatial resolution -temporal resolution changed
New data Preprocessing
168
Speckle artifact = grainy ______appearance Does not represent actual tissue anatomy ________ effects of scattered sound -constructive/destructive Speckle reduces image contrast and detail (spatial resolution)
Granular Interference effects
169
Clutter = DOPPLER artifact Reflections from blood cells are weak or strong? Reflections from anatomic structures, like muscular and vessel walls= weak or strong? Strong reflections are called _____
Weak Strong Clutter
170
Fill-in interpolation= ___-processing Improves image _____ by filling in MISSING DATA especially for Deeper parts of a sector-shaped image Images with ____ line density are most improved with fill in interpolation
Pre Detail Low line
171
Spatial compounding = -scan lines are steered in different angles -_____array transducers only -frames are _____, improves signal to noise ratio Artifacts are ______ Detail is IMPROVED Temporal resolution is REDUCED Shadows/edge shadows = eliminated
Phased Averaged Reduced
172
Frequency compounding= divides the reflection into sub-bands of _______ frequency ranges. Images are created from each of sub bands. Images are averaged, improving signal to noise ratio -speckle artifact reduced -detail improved
Smaller
173
Dynamic aperture= Form of ________ receive focusing -varying the number of elements used to receive the reflectors -minimizes beam width variation
Electronic
174
Edge enhancement= _______ contrast at a boundary to make image appear sharper/blurry? -distinguish interfaces -most useful to emphasize different tissues -light grays become whiter -dark grays become darker
EDGE ENHANCEMENT = SHARPER IMAGE
175
Coded excitation: creates LONG PULSES that contain complex patterns of frequencies & cycles, called a _______ Takes place in a _____ Improves: _______ resolution (most important) , penetration, _______ resolution, contrast resolution
Code Pulsed Axial resolution Spatial
176
Elastography= deformation (change in ______) when FORCE APPLIED -tissue stiffness -identifies tissues of different _____________ properties, or different stiffness Elastography is a form of ultrasonic _______ Shear wave Elastography measures speed _________
Shape -mechanical -sideways
177
Rendering= realism 3D/4D Post processing -think lion king
Correct
178
Dynamic range= RATIO ELIMINATES _____level noise Narrow, dynamic range = FEW CHOICES BISTABLE _____ contrast Wide dynamic range= MANY CHOICES GRAY SCALE ____ contrast
Low High Low
179
PACS= Picture Archiving and C___________ System -computer network -stores and distributes data
Communications
180
DICOM= Digital Imaging and Communications in M_______ Operating standards for imaging networks
Medicine
181
NAS= Network Attached Storage Data storage devices -high capacity ____drives
Hard drives
182
Flow= _____ of a fluid from one location to another
Movement
183
Pulsatile= -ARTERIAL -Cardiac _________ -_______ rate -________ pressure
Contraction High rate Higher pressure
184
Phasic= -VENOUS -RESPIRATIONS -_____ rate -_______ pressure
Low Lower
185
Flow= _______ How much? ______/time Liters/min
Volume Volume
186
Velocity= ________ How fast? Distance/time
SPEED
187
Laminar flow= plug/parabolic flow
188
True or false: dynamic receive focusing improves lateral resolution at all depths on an image
True
189
As the transduc