Definitions Flashcards
Hyperplasia
Normal cells multiply faster and build up
Not cancer
Tumor suppressor genes
Control cell growth
Carcinoma In situ
Stage 0 cancer
Cells do not invade nearby tissue so not technically cancer
Oncogenes
Can’t be turned off
When protooncogenes are altered, they become oncogenes
Dysplasia
Build up of extra cells, but look abnormal
Ex: abnormal mole
Not cancer
Innate immune response
Naturallly, phagocytes release inflammatory mediators (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils) and NK cells
Nonspecific
Acquired immune response
Secondary line of defense
Antigen specific
Lymphocytes, B&T cells
Humoral mediated
Aka antibody mediated
Plasma cells or transformed B lymphocytes secrete antibodies, which bind to antigen to destroy
Cell-mediated
T lymphocytes either induce cell death that express antigens or activate cells used in innate process
Hematopoiesis
Pluripotent stem cell differentiates itself into peripheral blood cell lines
Myeloid cells
RBCs, platelets, WBCs
Wbcs-> granulocytes (B,E, neutrophils)
Agranulocytes (T, B, monocytes)
Lymphoid
Specific WBC called lymphocyte (T, B, NK)
B cells
Secrete antibodies in response to antigens
T cells
Kill infected cells and communicate
Immunoglobulins
B cell antibodies
Cytokines
Proteins created by WBCs
Mediate cellular responses (anti-inflam or pro-inflam)
Ex: interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony-stimulating factors
Neoadjuvant
Before surgery
Adjuvant
After surgery
Pack-years
of packs smoked x # of years
Ipsilateral
Same side
Chloromas
Leukemia cells infiltrate and accumulate in other organs; most often acute leukemia and can occur in CNS, testes, eyes, skin
What is the study of health-related states or events and the application of preventing and controlling disease in human populations?
Epidemiology
What level of prevention is preventing the onset of disease before any evidence of disease?
Primary
What level of prevention is detecting disease in its earliest stages, before symptoms appear and intervening to stop or skip its progression?
Secondary
What level of prevention is interventions to arrest the progress of an established disease and to control its negative consequences, to reduces disability or handicap, and/or to minimize the consequences?
Tertiary
Incidence rate
of new cases in a fixed time period divided by the # of people at risk
Prevalence
of existing cases of a disease at a given time divided by the total population at risk at a given time
Autologous stem cell transplant
Source = self
Allogenic stem cell transplant
Source is human leukocytic antigen (HLA)- match donor
Matched sibling or unrelated donor
Mismatched related (haploidentical)
Syngenic stem cell transplant
Identical twin
Rarely used because of high relapse rates
Chimerism
Only donor cells present (indicates successful engraftment)
Complementary medicine
Non-mainstream therapy combined with conventional medicine
Alternative medicine
Non-mainstream therapy used instead of conventional medicine
Grade 1 CTCAE
Mild, asymptomatic
Grade 2 CTCAE
Moderate, local or noninvasive intervention indicated
Grade 3 CTCAE
Severe, hospitalization indicated, limiting self care ADL
Grade 4 CTCAE
Life-threatening, urgent intervention needed
Grade 5 CTCAE
Death
ANC
of mature WBCs in peripheral circulation
Neutropenic
ANC<500 or <1000 with expected decline to <500 over next 48hrs
%neutrophils (bands + segments) x WBC
Emetogenic potential
%of patients experiencing one or more episodes within 24hrs of drug without antiemetics
What is nociceptive pain?
Sharp, aching, throbbing, stabbing
Result of activation of pain fibers in deep & cutaneous tissue
Somatic: bone, joint, connective tissue
Visceral: thoracic or abdominal tissue or surrounding organs
