Definitions

Question 1

Hyperplasia

Answer 1

Normal cells multiply faster and build up

Not cancer

Question 2

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 2

Control cell growth

Question 3

Carcinoma In situ

Answer 3

Stage 0 cancer
Cells do not invade nearby tissue so not technically cancer

Question 4

Oncogenes

Answer 4

Can’t be turned off
When protooncogenes are altered, they become oncogenes

Question 5

Dysplasia

Answer 5

Build up of extra cells, but look abnormal

Ex: abnormal mole

Not cancer

Question 6

Innate immune response

Answer 6

Naturallly, phagocytes release inflammatory mediators (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils) and NK cells

Nonspecific

Question 7

Acquired immune response

Answer 7

Secondary line of defense
Antigen specific
Lymphocytes, B&T cells

Question 8

Humoral mediated

Answer 8

Aka antibody mediated
Plasma cells or transformed B lymphocytes secrete antibodies, which bind to antigen to destroy

Question 9

Cell-mediated

Answer 9

T lymphocytes either induce cell death that express antigens or activate cells used in innate process

Question 10

Hematopoiesis

Answer 10

Pluripotent stem cell differentiates itself into peripheral blood cell lines

Question 11

Myeloid cells

Answer 11

RBCs, platelets, WBCs
Wbcs-> granulocytes (B,E, neutrophils)
Agranulocytes (T, B, monocytes)

Question 12

Lymphoid

Answer 12

Specific WBC called lymphocyte (T, B, NK)

Question 13

B cells

Answer 13

Secrete antibodies in response to antigens

Question 14

T cells

Answer 14

Kill infected cells and communicate

Question 15

Immunoglobulins

Answer 15

B cell antibodies

Question 16

Cytokines

Answer 16

Proteins created by WBCs
Mediate cellular responses (anti-inflam or pro-inflam)
Ex: interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony-stimulating factors

Question 17

Neoadjuvant

Answer 17

Before surgery

Question 18

Adjuvant

Answer 18

After surgery

Question 19

Pack-years

Answer 19

of packs smoked x # of years

Question 20

Ipsilateral

Answer 20

Same side

Question 21

Chloromas

Answer 21

Leukemia cells infiltrate and accumulate in other organs; most often acute leukemia and can occur in CNS, testes, eyes, skin

Question 22

What is the study of health-related states or events and the application of preventing and controlling disease in human populations?

Answer 22

Epidemiology

Question 23

What level of prevention is preventing the onset of disease before any evidence of disease?

Answer 23

Primary

Question 24

What level of prevention is detecting disease in its earliest stages, before symptoms appear and intervening to stop or skip its progression?

Answer 24

Secondary

Question 25

What level of prevention is interventions to arrest the progress of an established disease and to control its negative consequences, to reduces disability or handicap, and/or to minimize the consequences?

Answer 25

Tertiary

Question 26

Incidence rate

Answer 26

#of new cases in a fixed time period divided by the # of people at risk

Question 27

Prevalence

Answer 27

#of existing cases of a disease at a given time divided by the total population at risk at a given time

Question 28

Autologous stem cell transplant

Answer 28

Source = self

Question 29

Allogenic stem cell transplant

Answer 29

Source is human leukocytic antigen (HLA)- match donor Matched sibling or unrelated donor Mismatched related (haploidentical)

Question 30

Syngenic stem cell transplant

Answer 30

Identical twin Rarely used because of high relapse rates

Question 31

Chimerism

Answer 31

Only donor cells present (indicates successful engraftment)

Question 32

Complementary medicine

Answer 32

Non-mainstream therapy combined with conventional medicine

Question 33

Alternative medicine

Answer 33

Non-mainstream therapy used instead of conventional medicine

Question 34

Grade 1 CTCAE

Answer 34

Mild, asymptomatic

Question 35

Grade 2 CTCAE

Answer 35

Moderate, local or noninvasive intervention indicated

Question 36

Grade 3 CTCAE

Answer 36

Severe, hospitalization indicated, limiting self care ADL

Question 37

Grade 4 CTCAE

Answer 37

Life-threatening, urgent intervention needed

Question 38

Grade 5 CTCAE

Answer 38

Death

Question 39

ANC

Answer 39

#of mature WBCs in peripheral circulation

Question 40

Neutropenic

Answer 40

ANC<500 or <1000 with expected decline to <500 over next 48hrs %neutrophils (bands + segments) x WBC

Question 41

Emetogenic potential

Answer 41

%of patients experiencing one or more episodes within 24hrs of drug without antiemetics

Question 42

What is nociceptive pain?

Answer 42

Sharp, aching, throbbing, stabbing Result of activation of pain fibers in deep & cutaneous tissue Somatic: bone, joint, connective tissue Visceral: thoracic or abdominal tissue or surrounding organs