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CALP > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Orthography

A

letter pattern in written words

spelling system

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2
Q

Encoding

A

spelling

writing

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3
Q

decoding

A

reading

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4
Q

semantics

A

content of language

homophones, synonyms, antonyms

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5
Q

analytic

A

whole to part

reading

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6
Q

synthetic

A

part to whole

spelling

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7
Q

homophones

A

words that sound the same but are spelled differently

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8
Q

multisensory

A

pertaining to the simultaneous use of multiple senses

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9
Q

NICHD

A

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

required proposals for centers to investigate LD (U of CO, Johns Hopkins, Yale)
1987

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10
Q

Pragmatics

A

practical application of language

conversation

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11
Q

Developmental Dyslexia

A

a glitch in the brain during fetal development that one is born with

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12
Q

Nasal Sound

A

produced by pushing air through the nose (n) (m) (ng)

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13
Q

Quantitative

A

research in which the results are based on a large sample representative of the population

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14
Q

Dyslexia

A

A specific language-based disorder characterized by difficulty with single-word reading

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15
Q

Phonology

A

rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language

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16
Q

Morpheme

A

smallest unit of meaning

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17
Q

Phonetics

A

study of the characteristics of speech sounds

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18
Q

Dyspraxia

A

speech problems caused by sensorimotor disruption

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19
Q

Affricate (ch) (j)

A

a consonant sound that consists of a slowly released stop followed by a fricative

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20
Q

Fricative (f) (z)

A

a sound that is produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the teeth and lips to make a hissing sound

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21
Q

Formative Data

A

Data that provides information about knowledge to be applied to short-term goals

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22
Q

Old English Period

A

Invasion of Angles and Saxons (449)
to Viking Invasions (800)
to Early English Kings/Christianity
to Norman Conquest (1066)

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23
Q

Middle English Period

A

Norman Conquest (intro of French words)
Latin of the church and judicial system influence (1066-1500)
55% of English words originated from Latin

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24
Q

Modern English Period

A

1500-present
Walter Raleigh and Drake Brough English language to new world
Native American
Greek words introduced at this time (science, technology)

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25
Q

Stephosymbolia

A

twisted symbols - coined by Orton

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26
Q

Explicit instruction

A

direct, purposeful instruction

27
Q

Echolalia

A

the repeating back of words or phrases in babies

28
Q

Liquid sound (l) (r)

A

a sound produced when the lips/tongue are passing from the position for one sound to that of another

29
Q

Divisor

A

The number that a total number is divided by

30
Q

Cognates

A

words in 2 languages with similar meanings, sounds

examples: (t) (d)

31
Q

Fluency

A

reading with rapidity and automaticity

32
Q

Guided Discovery

A

a method of leading students to new learning through questioning

33
Q

Active learning

A

students learn by connecting prior knowledge

34
Q

Phonological Awareness

A

the awareness of the overall sound structure of words

35
Q

Phonemic Awareness

A

awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken words

36
Q

Language

A

system of communication

37
Q

Dysarthria

A

speech problems caused by musculature weakness

38
Q

Free Morpheme

A

morpheme that can stand alone

example: port

39
Q

Expressive Language

A

ability to request objects, make choices, ask questions, answer, and describe events
(speaking, gesturing, writing, facial expressions)

includes form, use, content

40
Q

Progress monitoring

A

periodic assessment that measures progress in response to specific instruction

41
Q

Quasi-experimental

A

research conducted w/out randomized assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups

42
Q

F.A.P.E

A

Free and appropriate public education

mandated by IDEA and 504

43
Q

fMRI

A

allows for observation of the inner workings of the brain while at work

44
Q

Phonics

A

Instruction that connects sounds and letters

45
Q

Alphabetic Principle

A

the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by letters

46
Q

Allphone

A

A variation of a speech sound

47
Q

RAN

A

Rapid automatized naming

48
Q

Consonant

A

A class of speech sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed

49
Q

Grapheme

A

a letter or cluster that represents a single speech sound

50
Q

vowel

A

a class of open speech sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract

51
Q

syllable

A

a unit of speech

52
Q

Coarticulation

A

the overlapping of adjacent sounds when spoken

53
Q

Prosody

A

the rhythmic flow of oral reading

54
Q

DIBELS

A

Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills

55
Q

Executive Function

A

core components:

goal setting, planning, organization over time, flexibility, attention and memory systems, and self-regulation

56
Q

Dividend

A

the total amount that is to be divided by another number

57
Q

Stop (t) (k)

A

a sound when the outgoing airflow is completely stopped

58
Q

Latin Layer

A 
roots ending in -ct, -pt
chameleon prefixes
'c, s, t' pronounced (sh)
affixing of roots
schwa vowel sounds
59
Q

Anglo-Saxon Layer

A 
gn, kn, wr
vowel pairs
common everyday words
ch, sh, th
compound words
affixing of base words
60
Q

Occipital Cortex

A

area of brain for visual processing

61
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

area of brain for visual-verbal association

62
Q

Left frontal cortex

A

area of the brain for speech production

63
Q

Left temporal cortex

A

Area of the brain for language comprehension

64
Q

modality

A

a specific sensory pathway

CALP (4 decks)

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