Definitions

Question 1

Orthography

Answer 1

letter pattern in written words

spelling system

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

spelling

writing

Question 3

decoding

Answer 3

reading

Question 4

semantics

Answer 4

content of language

homophones, synonyms, antonyms

Question 5

analytic

Answer 5

whole to part

reading

Question 6

synthetic

Answer 6

part to whole

spelling

Question 7

homophones

Answer 7

words that sound the same but are spelled differently

Question 8

multisensory

Answer 8

pertaining to the simultaneous use of multiple senses

Question 9

NICHD

Answer 9

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

required proposals for centers to investigate LD (U of CO, Johns Hopkins, Yale)
1987

Question 10

Pragmatics

Answer 10

practical application of language

conversation

Question 11

Developmental Dyslexia

Answer 11

a glitch in the brain during fetal development that one is born with

Question 12

Nasal Sound

Answer 12

produced by pushing air through the nose (n) (m) (ng)

Question 13

Quantitative

Answer 13

research in which the results are based on a large sample representative of the population

Question 14

Dyslexia

Answer 14

A specific language-based disorder characterized by difficulty with single-word reading

Question 15

Phonology

Answer 15

rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language

Question 16

Morpheme

Answer 16

smallest unit of meaning

Question 17

Phonetics

Answer 17

study of the characteristics of speech sounds

Question 18

Dyspraxia

Answer 18

speech problems caused by sensorimotor disruption

Question 19

Affricate (ch) (j)

Answer 19

a consonant sound that consists of a slowly released stop followed by a fricative

Question 20

Fricative (f) (z)

Answer 20

a sound that is produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the teeth and lips to make a hissing sound

Question 21

Formative Data

Answer 21

Data that provides information about knowledge to be applied to short-term goals

Question 22

Old English Period

Answer 22

Invasion of Angles and Saxons (449)
to Viking Invasions (800)
to Early English Kings/Christianity
to Norman Conquest (1066)

Question 23

Middle English Period

Answer 23

Norman Conquest (intro of French words)
Latin of the church and judicial system influence (1066-1500)
55% of English words originated from Latin

Question 24

Modern English Period

Answer 24

1500-present
Walter Raleigh and Drake Brough English language to new world
Native American
Greek words introduced at this time (science, technology)

Question 25

Stephosymbolia

Answer 25

twisted symbols - coined by Orton

Question 26

Explicit instruction

Answer 26

direct, purposeful instruction

Question 27

Echolalia

Answer 27

the repeating back of words or phrases in babies

Question 28

Liquid sound (l) (r)

Answer 28

a sound produced when the lips/tongue are passing from the position for one sound to that of another

Question 29

Divisor

Answer 29

The number that a total number is divided by

Question 30

Cognates

Answer 30

words in 2 languages with similar meanings, sounds | examples: (t) (d)

Question 31

Fluency

Answer 31

reading with rapidity and automaticity

Question 32

Guided Discovery

Answer 32

a method of leading students to new learning through questioning

Question 33

Active learning

Answer 33

students learn by connecting prior knowledge

Question 34

Phonological Awareness

Answer 34

the awareness of the overall sound structure of words

Question 35

Phonemic Awareness

Answer 35

awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken words

Question 36

Language

Answer 36

system of communication

Question 37

Dysarthria

Answer 37

speech problems caused by musculature weakness

Question 38

Free Morpheme

Answer 38

morpheme that can stand alone | example: port

Question 39

Expressive Language

Answer 39

ability to request objects, make choices, ask questions, answer, and describe events (speaking, gesturing, writing, facial expressions) includes form, use, content

Question 40

Progress monitoring

Answer 40

periodic assessment that measures progress in response to specific instruction

Question 41

Quasi-experimental

Answer 41

research conducted w/out randomized assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups

Question 42

F.A.P.E

Answer 42

Free and appropriate public education | mandated by IDEA and 504

Question 43

fMRI

Answer 43

allows for observation of the inner workings of the brain while at work

Question 44

Phonics

Answer 44

Instruction that connects sounds and letters

Question 45

Alphabetic Principle

Answer 45

the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by letters

Question 46

Allphone

Answer 46

A variation of a speech sound

Question 47

RAN

Answer 47

Rapid automatized naming

Question 48

Consonant

Answer 48

A class of speech sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed

Question 49

Grapheme

Answer 49

a letter or cluster that represents a single speech sound

Question 50

vowel

Answer 50

a class of open speech sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract

Question 51

syllable

Answer 51

a unit of speech

Question 52

Coarticulation

Answer 52

the overlapping of adjacent sounds when spoken

Question 53

Prosody

Answer 53

the rhythmic flow of oral reading

Question 54

DIBELS

Answer 54

Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills

Question 55

Executive Function

Answer 55

core components: | goal setting, planning, organization over time, flexibility, attention and memory systems, and self-regulation

Question 56

Dividend

Answer 56

the total amount that is to be divided by another number

Question 57

Stop (t) (k)

Answer 57

a sound when the outgoing airflow is completely stopped

Question 58

Latin Layer

Answer 58

``` roots ending in -ct, -pt chameleon prefixes 'c, s, t' pronounced (sh) affixing of roots schwa vowel sounds ```

Question 59

Anglo-Saxon Layer

Answer 59

``` gn, kn, wr vowel pairs common everyday words ch, sh, th compound words affixing of base words ```

Question 60

Occipital Cortex

Answer 60

area of brain for visual processing

Question 61

Angular Gyrus

Answer 61

area of brain for visual-verbal association

Question 62

Left frontal cortex

Answer 62

area of the brain for speech production

Question 63

Left temporal cortex

Answer 63

Area of the brain for language comprehension

Question 64

modality

Answer 64

a specific sensory pathway