Definition Of Water Logging, Soil Salinity, Ozone Depletion, E-Waste, Wetland, Eutrophication, Desertification, Deforestation, Acid Rain,Gentic Pollution

Question 1

Water logging

Answer 1

The condition of being saturated or flooded with water ( Merriam Webster)

Question 2

Causes

Answer 2

Seepage from Canal system,slow drainage, heavy rainfall, flooding, poor management of resources.

Question 3

Effects of water logging

Answer 3

Changing soil composition, leading to oxygen deficiency, production of toxic gases,

Question 4

Control measures to eradicate water logging

Answer 4

Construction of seepage, pumping out ground water, Bio drainage.

Question 5

Soil salnity

Answer 5

The condition in which there is too much salt in soil which can make it difficult for plants to grow. Cambridge dictionary

Question 6

Causes of soil salinity

Answer 6

Irrigation of water, Salt deposition by flood water, salt excretion through plants.

Question 7

Impacts of soil salinity ( according to food agriculture organisation)

Answer 7

Reduced crop yields, loss of biodiversity, economic loss, water management issues.

Question 8

Solutions to soil salinity

Answer 8

Afforestation, salt covering plants, addition of chemicals, reclamation of soil ( involving flushing the soil with excess water to remove salt.

Question 9

E- waste

Answer 9

Any electronic or electrical products which is discarded. Pakistan e-waste is 4 to 5 rate increasing.
Solutions: reduce, reuse, recycle.

Question 10

Superfund

Answer 10

Thousands of contaimined sites exist nationally due to hazardous waste being dumped left in open or otherwise improperly managed, these cities include manafuring facilities processing plants.

Question 11

Wetlands

Answer 11

An area of land that is saturated with water either permanently or seasonally. Wetlands are called kindeys of earth because they serve the very important functions of filtering water .

Question 12

Types of Wetlands

Answer 12

Marshes: permanently saturated and can be saline or freshwater.
Swamps: forested Wetlands considered transition zones.
Bogs: accumulates peat a deposit.

Question 13

Eutrophication

Answer 13

Process in which water bodies becomes overly enriched with nutrients leading to the plentiful growth of simple plant life. Alagee, plankton.

Question 14

Causes of eutrophication

Answer 14

Fertilizers, untreated,sweage , detergents, phosphorus.industrial waste.

Question 15

Types of eutrophication

Answer 15

Natural:
Cultural human activities

Question 16

Methods to combat eutrophication

Answer 16

Oxidation of water, limiting the amount of nutrients.

Question 17

Energy from biomass

Answer 17

Fuel developed from natural and organic materials or waste which are renewable and sustainable source of energy.

Question 18

Advantages of biomas energy

Answer 18

Renewable, carbon, versatile

Question 19

Disadvantages of biomas

Answer 19

Completely clean, high cost in comparison to other alternative

Question 20

Disadvantages of biomas

Answer 20

Completely clean, high cost in comparison to other alternative

Question 21

Destrification

Answer 21

According to un convention to combat destrification defines it as land degradation in arid and semiarid and dry sub humaid areas resulting from various factors including climate change and human activities.

Question 22

Causes of destrification

Answer 22

Overcultivation,over grazing, deforestation, natural disasters, industrial activities.

Question 23

Effects of destrification

Answer 23

Soil became less usable, food crisis, vegatation is lacked.

Question 24

Solutions to destrification

Answer 24

Use of shelter belts, reduce soil erosion, reduce contribution to climate change, forestation.

Question 25

Deforestation

Answer 25

The action or process of cleaning a wide area of trees also the state of having been cleared of trees. Merriam Webster

Question 26

Causes of deforestation

Answer 26

Agricultural revolution expansion, Infrastructure, climate change, population growth, urbanisation.

Question 27

Effects of deforestation

Answer 27

Loss of biodiversity, human health, water crisis, food crisis.

Question 28

Solutions to d.f

Answer 28

Planting trees, reducing consumption, community involvement.

Question 29

Genetic pollution

Answer 29

When genetic material of one is transformed into the other organisms.

Question 30

Impacts of genetic pollution

Answer 30

Less variety, genetic pollution, dominant gene plant. Loss of biodiversity, Wipe out local species. Herbicide.