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Environmental Science > Agricultural Revolution > Flashcards

Agricultural Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Agricultural revolution

A

Begin in 18 th century in braitin

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2
Q

Causes of agricultural revolution

A

Neolithic agricultural revolution: shift in climate change better conditions for agricultural cultivation
2nd agricultural revolution: series of reforms new inventions
3rd green revolution: effective fertilizers and pesticides.

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3
Q

Industrial revolution

A

Started in 18th 19th century.

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4
Q

Causes of industrial revolution

A

New technologies
Access to resources
Political stability
Population growth

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5
Q

Impacts. Of industrial revolution ( positive)

A

Advancement in communication
Improved Stannards of living.
Empowerment of women

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6
Q

Negative impacts of industrial revolution

A

Urbanisation
Explosion of workes environmental degradation.

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7
Q

United nations conference on environmental change

A

First conference
Declaration: safeguards natural resources
Pollution control
Assistance to developing countries

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8
Q

Impact of United nations conference

A

Eu creation
Led to Kyoto protocol formation.
Creation of United nations environmental program.

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9
Q

Rio summit ( earth summit)

A

Held in Rio the jenero alternative name earth summit.
Rio conference

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10
Q

Principles of Rio declaration

A

State should not cause damage to environment
Cooperation for eradacting poverty
Cooperation between states in the spirit of global cooperation
Economic cooperation
Discourage or prevent environmental degradation.
Women participation.

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11
Q

World summit on sustainable development

A

Main goals people planet, prosperity, links between environment , poverty and development.

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12
Q

Mellinnium development goals

A

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Universal education
Gender equality
Reduce child mortality rate
Combat disease hiv, maleria,
Ensure environmental sustainability
Global partnership for development.

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13
Q

Sustainable development

A

Gender equality
Poverty eradication
Universal education
Environmental sustainability
Affordable energy
Partnership for good
Peace and justice
Economic growth.

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14
Q

Population growth

A

Population that is growing in size over time, due to factors such as child mortality and birth rate.

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15
Q

Environmental implications of over population

A

Food supply distrbance
Water
Climate change
Biodiversity loss
Increase in generation of waste
Urbanisation and degradation ( Pakistan steps to overcome over population) national population policy 2010

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16
Q

Causes of over population

A

Lack of family planning
Urbanisation
Increase birth rate
Cultural and religious beliefs.

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17
Q

Poverty

A

Poverty can be defined as lack of choices. ( Amartya Sen)
The condition of not having enough money or possession to live a comfortable life.

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18
Q

Causes of poverty

A

According to the book the end of poverty.
Causes of poverty. Lack of education, healthcare, Infrastructure, corruption, climate change, economic policies.

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19
Q

Biodiversity loss

A

Oxford dictionary: gradual reduction in the variety of species living on earth caused by human activities.

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20
Q

Importance of biodiversity

A

Medicine
Environment
Balance the ecosystem
Regulating services
Supporting services.

21
Q

Causes of biodiversity loss and examples of Pakistan biodiversity species Loss

A

Alterations and loss of the habitat
Pollution
Climate change
Over exploitation of resources
Environmental degradation.
Urbanisation
War .
Examples: polar bear, snow leopard

22
Q

Energy security

A

International energy agency: uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price.

23
Q

Major challenges at present

A

Major challenge at present.
Conversations of energy shortage

24
Q

Sustainable energy system

A

Geothermal,
Solar, energy by windmill, hydroelectric source, biogas, hydrogen energy, hybrid and stand alone system.

25
Q

Urbanisation

A

General increase in the population of cities or urban population. Cambridge dictionary

26
Q

Causes of urbanisation

A

Industrialization
Economic opportunities
Migration
Government policies
Improved infrastructure

27
Q

Effects of urbanisation

A

Uncontrolled physical expansion
Generation of solid waste
Pollution
Environmental degradation

28
Q

Urban heat island

A

An urban area that is significantly warmer than its surrounds rural areas. Oxford dictionary

29
Q

Causes of urban heat waves

A

Changes in air
Change in land cover
Land pollution

30
Q

Ways to counter urban heat waves

A

Increasing vegetation
Cool roofs
Sustainable transportation

31
Q

Sustainable cities

A

A city that is designed with consideration for environmental impacts responsible use of resources and Quality of life for its inhabitants. Merriam Webster

32
Q

Three scientific principles of sustainability

A

Use of rewnable energy resources
Dependence on recycled water
Principles of 3r

33
Q

Strategies for sustainable cities

A

Eco industrial parks
Zero energy building
Sustainable transport system
Urban farming
Sustainable drainage
Public harvesting
Clean and Green Pakistan 2018

34
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The number of living organisms or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
Oxford dictionary

35
Q

Factors affecting carrying capacity

A

Biological: birth rate increase and life dependency
Physical factors: Availability of food, fresh water resources, deforestation, climate change,
Technological advancement: industrial revolution.

36
Q

Food security a global issue

A

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutrients, food. Merriam Webster.

37
Q

Causes of food insecurity

A

Poverty,
Food shortage,war conflict, climate change, economy, migration, food waste, population explosion, poor agricultural cultivation

38
Q

Recommendations to achieve food security

A

Declare hunger as a national security issue, strengthen food security, improve agricultural cultivation, ( national food security policy 2018

39
Q

Sustainable agriculture

A

The FAO : sustainable agriculture as a way of growing food and other products without degrading natural resources such as soil, water and biodiversity….

40
Q

Hindrance in the way of sustainable agriculture

A

Lack of access to resources and technology
Water scarcity
Soil degradation
Lack awareness
Climate change

41
Q

Ways to promote sustainable agriculture

A

Adapting agrecological practices
Supporting small scale business farmers
Reducing food resources
Investing in research

42
Q

Ecological footprint

A

Cambridge dictionary
The amount of land, water, and other natural resources that are used to produce the good and services needed to support a particular Lifestyle.

43
Q

Components of ecological footprint

A

Measuring the amount of green house gases
Grazing footprint
Water foot print

44
Q

Components of ecological footprint

A

Biologically productive land
Biocapcity

45
Q

Benefits of ecological footprint

A

Tracks current human demand on nature
The footprint and biocapcity results

46
Q

Ecological restoration

A

The process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded damaged or destroyed

47
Q

Theoretical foundation of restoration of ecology

A

Distrbance: change in the environmental conditions
Resilience
Letting nature heal itself

48
Q

Reasons to restore ecosystem

A

Saving biodiversity and human

Environmental Science (5 decks)

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