DEFINITION OF TERMS Flashcards
It is a popular performance appraisal method that involves
evaluation input from multiple levels within the firm as well as external sources. In
this method, people all around the rated employee may provide ratings, including
senior managers, the employee himself or herself, supervisors, subordinates, peers,
team members, and internal or external customers.
360-degree Feedback -
Refers to assessments designed to
measure an individual’s knowledge, skills, or competencies in specific areas that are
relevant to their job performance.
Achievement Testing
Refers to a strategic approach
used by organizations to thoroughly assess candidates for employment beyond the
traditional interview process. This method aims to gather comprehensive insights
into candidates’ skills, competencies, experiences, and potential contributions to
the organization.
Advanced Interviewing
Is the performance appraisal method for employees where the assessor selects the best and worst employees based on certain
trait/criterion and rank them accordingly.
Alternation Ranking
Also known as a personality assessment or personality
inventory, this test is used to evaluate the personality traits, characteristics, and
preferences of job applicants. It aims to predict how well an individual might fit into
a specific role or organizational culture based on their personality profile.
Applicant Personality Test
Is a formal discussion process between an
employee and his/her manager regarding performance and other aspects of job
role. In this interview, the employer and the employee discuss the performances of
the individual and the key areas of improvement and how the employee can grow
through a feedback mechanism.
Appraisal Interview
Is a formalized program
combining on-the-job training (OJT) with classroom instruction. It is typically used
in skilled trades and professions, where apprentices (learners) work under the
guidance of experienced mentors or journeymen to develop practical skills and
theoretical knowledge necessary for the job.
Apprenticeship Training
It is a part of the hiring process in which an investigation is
carried out to check a potential employee’s background, based on criteria such as
education, criminal records, past work experiences, etc. This verification is done
because organizations often need to confirm if the information provided by the
candidate is true or not.
Background Check
Is a performance appraisal method that combines
elements of the traditional rating scales and critical incident methods; various
performance levels are shown along a scale with each described in terms of an
employee’s specific job behavior.
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) Method
Involves comparing job roles and
responsibilities within an organization or across different organizations to
determine the relative value and pay structure for similar jobs in the job market. It
helps in establishing competitive compensation and benefits packages.
Benchmarking Jobs
Additional monetary rewards given to employees on top of
their base salary, typically based on individual, team, or organizational
performance.
Bonuses
It is part of the employee onboarding process in which a new hire is
assigned a buddy who guides the new hire on the different aspects of the job. It
may include making him/her familiar with the office environment and other
members of the team.
Buddy System
An individual seeking employment or appointment to a particular job,
role, or office. They manifest interest by submitting an application, usually
accompanied by a resume or curriculum vitae.
Candidates
Is an external source of recruitment,
where the educational institutions such as, colleges and universities make provision
of information to the students regarding employment opportunities.
Campus Recruitment
Is a formal approach used by the
organization to ensure that people with the proper qualifications and experiences
are available when needed.
Career Development
Trainees are given in-depth descriptions (5 to 30 pages) of the
experiences of disguised organizations. This allows them to see the experiences of
numerous managers in a short period of time.
Case Studies
Is an evaluation appraisal error
that occurs when employees are incorrectly rated near the average or middle of a
scale.
Central Tendency Error
In this method, a superior gives training to a subordinate as his understudy like an assistant to a manager or director.
Coaching (Understudy Method)
It measures the candidate’s ability to solve problems and
think critically.
Cognitive Ability Test
is a specialized role within the
Human Resources (HR) function of an organization. Their primary responsibility is to
design, implement, and manage the organization’s compensation and benefits
programs.
Compensation Manager
is a framework for defining the skill and knowledge requirements of a job. It is a collection of competencies that define the
skills and abilities that enable successful job performance.
Competency Model
is someone who performs tasks for
an organization without being formally hired as the organization’s permanent
employee.
Contingent Personnel
Centralized HR units managing HR strategy and policy
across the organization.
Corporate HR teams
is a performance appraisal method that requires keeping written records of highly favorable and unfavorable
employee work actions.
Critical Incident Method
is a semi-structured interview, where the candidates have to give detailed information about their educational qualifications,
work experience, special interests, skills, aptitude and so forth.
Depth Interview
refers to the external source of
recruitment, where the recruitment of qualified candidates are carried out by putting a notice regarding job vacancy on the notice board of the organization.
Direct Recruitment
HR units integrated into specific departments to provide
localized HR support.
Embedded HR teams
often referred to simply as benefits or perks, is a set of non-wage compensations provided to
employees in addition to their regular wages or salaries. These benefits are designed to enhance the overall compensation package offered by employers and
typically include various forms of insurance, retirement plans, wellness programs,
and other fringe benefits.
Employee Benefits Program
is a process of improving
employees’ existing competencies and skills and developing newer ones to support the organization’s goals.
Employee Development
refers to the level of commitment
workers make to their employer, seen in their willingness to stay at the firm and to go beyond the call of duty.
Employee Engagement
often referred to as a matrix organizational structure, is a management structure where employees are grouped
simultaneously by two different operational dimensions. Typically, this involves employees reporting to both a functional manager (based on their expertise or
specialization) and a project manager (based on the specific project they are working on).
Employee Matrix
Is the process of introducing new hires to their jobs, co-workers, responsibilities, and workplace.
Employee Orientation
It is the process of hiring new capitals through the references
of the employees, who are currently employed within the organization.
Employee Referrals
refers to the process by which
organizations choose individuals from a pool of job applicants to fill job vacancies. It is a critical aspect of human resource management aimed at identifying and hiring
candidates who are most likely to succeed in the job and contribute effectively to the organization’s goals.
Employee Selection
refers to the process of assessing job applicants or current employees through various types of tests and assessments. These tests are designed to evaluate specific skills, abilities, knowledge, personality
traits, or other attributes relevant to the job or organizational requirements.
Employee Testing
These are firms or organizations that assist employers in
finding suitable candidates for job openings. They often have access to a pool of pre-screened candidates and can help with various aspects of the recruitment
process.
Employment Agencies
is a government entity, where the
details of the job seekers are deposited and given to the employers for filling the
vacant positions.
Employment Exchanges
It is an organization that is
responsible for the enforcement of federal laws that prohibit organizations from discriminating against employees on the basis of multiple factors including race,
color, nationality, religion, gender, etc.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
is a performance appraisal method in which the rater writes a brief narrative describing the employee’s performance. This method tends to focus on extreme behavior in the employee’s work rather than on routine day-to-day performance.
Essay Method
are conducted for those employees, who want to leave the organization. The significance of the _______ is to ascertain the reasons behind leaving the job.
Exit Interview
method of performance appraisal requires the rater to assign individuals in a workgroup to a limited number of categories, similar to a normal frequency distribution. The purpose of
forced distribution is to keep managers from being excessively lenient and having a disproportionate number of employees in the “superior”.
Forced Distribution Method
is organized in an formal manner, i.e., the candidate will be aware about the dates and timings of the interview well in advance and the interviewer plans and prepares the questions for the interview.
Formal Interview
In this type of interview, all the candidates or a group of
candidates are interviewed together.
Group Interview
A ____ error occurs when a manager generalizes one positive performance
feature or incident to all aspects of employee performance, resulting in a higher
rating.
Halo
refers to the economic value of a worker’s experience and skills. ________ includes assets like education, training, intelligence, skills, health, and other things employers value such as loyalty and
punctuality.
Human Capital
is an HR employee who typically reports to an HR manager or director. _______ handle daily core HR functions, such as
recruitment, employee relations, compensation, and compliance.
HR Generalist
is the continuous process of systematic planning to achieve optimum use of an organization’s most valuable asset—quality employees. _______ ensures the best fit between employees and jobs while avoiding manpower shortages or surpluses.
Human resource planning (HRP)
is the process of predicting how a
company’s staffing needs change with time so that it can remain prepared to operate successfully. ___________ ensures a company will have the right number
of employees on staff.
Human Resources Forecasting
involves coordinating, managing, and allocating human capital, or employees, in ways that move an organization’s goals forward. _____ focuses on investing in employees,
ensuring their safety, and managing all aspects of staffing from hiring to
compensation and development.
Human Resources Management
is designed to assess a candidate’s
adaptive thinking, problem-solving, judgement, administrative abilities, planning, organizing, delegating, and integrative skills while dealing with memos, e-mails, requests, messages, handwritten notes, and other items while under pressure.
In-basket Exercises
the interview takes place on a one
to one basis. In this case, there will be a verbal and a visual interaction between two people, an interviewer and a candidate.
Individual Interview
It is the process of receiving and welcoming of the employees, after
they have been selected and providing them the required training needed to settle
down adequately.
Induction
Such interviews are conducted in an informal way, i.e., the interview will be stable without any written communication and can be arranged at any place.
Informal Interview
refers to the process of identifying and filling job vacancies within an organization from its existing workforce. Instead of hiring external candidates,
_________ involves considering current employees for open positions, whether they are within the same department or elsewhere in the organization.
Internal Recruiting
____________ involve one-on-one or group discussions between a job
analyst (interviewer) and employees, supervisors, or subject matter experts. During
the ___________, the analyst asks structured or semi-structured questions to gather information about job duties, skills required, work conditions, and other aspects
relevant to job roles.
Interviews
Involves posting job openings on the organization’s internal
network or intranet. It is used to inform current employees about job opportunities within the company, encouraging internal mobility and career advancement.
Intranet Job Postings
________ is a procedure through which you determine the duties
of the positions and the characteristics of the people to hire them.
Job Analysis
________ work in the human resources (HR) department of a
company or organization, conducting in-depth research about occupations and job descriptions. They focus on worker classification systems while studying the effects of industry and occupational trends upon worker relationships.
Job Analyst
Refers to the monetary and non-monetary benefits offered to employees in exchange for their work. It includes base salary, bonuses, incentives, benefits (like healthcare and retirement plans), and other perks that contribute to the overall compensation package.
Job Compensation and Salary
refers to the broader environment or conditions in which a job is performed. It includes factors such as the physical work environment,
organizational culture, relationships with coworkers and supervisors, tools and equipment used, and any other relevant contextual information.
Job Context
__________ is a written statement that outlines the duties, responsibilities, tasks, and requirements of a particular job. It typically includes information such as job title, job summary, essential functions, qualifications, and
reporting relationships.
Job Description
__________- refers to expanding a job’s scope by adding more tasks or responsibilities of a similar level of complexity. It aims to provide
employees with a broader range of duties within their current role to enhance job satisfaction and skill development.
Job Enlargement
__________ involves redesigning jobs to incorporate higher levels of responsibility, autonomy, decision-making authority, and complexity. The goal of ________ is to enhance the intrinsic motivation and satisfaction of employees by providing opportunities for growth, challenge, and achievement
within their current roles.
Job Enrichment
__________ is a structured training
method suitable for jobs with clear and logical sequences of steps. It involves breaking down tasks into smaller components, teaching each step sequentially, and ensuring the trainee can perform each task correctly before moving on to the next. This method is effective for quickly teaching specific job skills and procedures.
Job Instruction Training
______ refers to the practice of publishing and displaying
advertisements of an open job to the employees.
Job Posting
____________ involves moving employees through a variety of
positions within an organization or department.
Job Rotation
________ refers to a statement that outlines the qualifications, skills, knowledge, abilities, and personal attributes required to perform a specific job effectively. It details the qualifications and characteristics
that an ideal candidate should possess to succeed in the role.
Job Specification
An open position within an organization or company that requires a qualified individual to fill it.
Job Vacancy
___________ refer to the rules, regulations, and ethical standards that organizations must adhere to when recruiting and selecting
employees. These practices are designed to ensure fairness, equality, and compliance with applicable laws throughout the hiring process.
Legal Hiring Practices
Giving undeserved high ratings to an employee.
Leniency
This is a structured evaluation method used to assess managerial potential or leadership qualities in individuals. It typically involves a series of simulations, exercises, and interviews designed to evaluate skills such as leadership, decision-making, communication, and problem-solving in a controlled
setting.
Management Assessment Center
This refers to a training approach where employees are provided with condensed or abbreviated versions of job tasks or responsibilities to
learn and practice. It allows individuals to gain practical experience and skills relevant to their roles in a controlled and manageable setting before performing the tasks independently or in a real work environment.
Miniature Job Training
____________ in human resource management, or HRM, is the act of
hiring an external firm to handle part or all of your human resource needs instead of relying on a dedicated internal HR department or employee.
Outsourcing
_________ is the process of moving a new hire from applicant to
employee status, ensuring that paperwork is done and orientation is completed.
Onboarding
Websites or platforms where employers can post job openings
to reach a wide audience of potential candidates on the internet. Job seekers can
search and apply for positions based on their skills and preferences.
Online Job Boards
____________ as the name indicates, is being conducted by a group of people. In this type of interview, three to five members of the selection committee will be asking questions to the candidates on various concepts.
Panel Interview
A temporary team, often consisting of people from different areas or functions, that works on real projects.
Project Teams (Action Learning)
____________ is a performance appraisal method in which the
rater ranks all employees from a group in order of overall performance.
Ranking Method
The _____________ is a performance appraisal method that rates employees according to defined factors.
Rating Scales Method
______________ are mechanisms used by organizations to recognize, motivate, and reward employees for their contributions, efforts, achievements, and behaviors that align with organizational goals and
values.
Rewards and Incentives
An HR professional responsible for finding and hiring qualified
candidates.
Recruiter
____________ refers to the process of identifying, attracting, interviewing, selecting, hiring and onboarding employees. In other words, it involves everything from the identification of a staffing need to filling it.
Recruitment
___________ is the process of evaluating job applications, scanning resumes and selecting suitable candidates that match with the job description.
Screening
A psychological technique in which intensive group discussion and interaction are used to increase individual awareness of self
and others; it is practiced in a variety of forms under such names as T-group, encounter group, human relations, and group-dynamics training.
Sensitivity Training (T-groups)
______________ are structured databases or systems used by
organizations to catalog and manage information about the skills, competencies, qualifications, and experiences of their employees. These inventories are valuable tools for human resources (HR) departments and organizational leaders to
understand the capabilities of their workforce and make informed decisions related to talent management, workforce planning, training and development, and
succession planning.
Skill Inventories
__________ occurs when managers allow individual differences to affect the ratings they give. These differences are gender, race, or age.
Stereotyping
___________ are conducted to ascertain how a candidate
would react during the time of stress and cope up with problems. In this type of interview, the interviewer will come to know whether the candidate can deal in an effective manner with the demands and needs of a complicated job.
Stress Interview
Being unduly critical of an employee’s work performance.
Strictness
In this type, the interview is planned, designed and detailed
in advance. A _________ is pre-planned, precise, and reliable in hiring the candidates.
Structured Interview
__________ is the the goal-oriented
and integrated process of planning, recruiting, developing, managing and compensating employees
Talent Management Process
__________ is an HR professional who sources and screens
candidates that best fit the company’s future goals. Their duties include establishing hiring criteria, understanding recruiting needs and finding the right
candidates.
Talent Specialist
_____________ also known as performance evaluation or performance review, is a systematic process used by organizations to
assess and evaluate the job performance of employees. It involves gathering and
analyzing information about employees’ performance, accomplishments, strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
Performance Appraisal
A ___________ (also known as a performance management system) is a structured process used by organizations to assess and evaluate employees’ job performance, contributions, and
achievements within a specific period.
Performance Appraisal System
______________ refers to the continuous process of setting objectives, assessing progress, and providing feedback to employees to ensure that organizational goals are met effectively and efficiently.
Performance Management
__________ refers to advancement of the employees by evaluating their
job performance. It is the process of shifting an employee from a lower position to a higher position with more responsibilities, remuneration, facilities, and status.
Promotion
_____ refers to the fixed amount of money paid to an employee for
performing a job role over a specific period, typically on a monthly or annual basis.
Salary
____________ is the process when an employee evaluates their performance. Employees are given a chance to examine their performance and determine their strengths and flaws during this process.
Self- Appraisal
_________ is the process of hiring eligible candidates in the organization or company for specific positions.
Staffing
This is a type of psychological test used in the assessment of candidates or employees. It presents hypothetical scenarios
relevant to the job and asks respondents to choose the most appropriate action or decision from a set of options. ________ assess judgment, problem-solving abilities, and decision-making skills in specific contexts.
Situational Judgment Test (SJT)
___________ is a proactive process of identifying and developing potential future leaders or key employees within an organization to fill
key roles when they become vacant. The primary goal of succession planning is to
ensure a smooth transition of leadership and critical positions to minimize disruptions and maintain organizational stability.
Succession Planning
___________ refers to the process of teaching specific skills and knowledge to employees to improve their performance in current roles. It typically involves
structured programs, workshops, seminars, or on-the-job training aimed at developing technical, operational, or job-specific competencies.
Training
_________________ refers to the process of equipping employees with the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to
perform their job effectively and to contribute to organizational success. It is a critical function within Human Resources (HR) that focuses on enhancing employee
performance, productivity, and engagement through structured learning experiences.
Training and Development
A __________, also known as a Training Coordinator or
Training and Development Specialist, is a professional within the Human Resources
(HR) function who specializes in planning, implementing, and evaluating training
programs for employees.
Training Specialist
_______ refers to the process of interchanging from one job to another without any change in the designation and responsibilities. It can also be the shifting of the employees from one department to another department or from one
location to another, depending upon the requirement of the position.
Transfer
An ________ is an individual who is trained to take over the
responsibilities of a specific position if the current job holder is unable to perform
their duties (e.g., due to illness, vacation, or promotion).
Understudy
This type of interview is an unexpected one, where the
interview questionnaire is not prepared. The interviewers are not well prepared regarding the questions that are to be asked and in obtaining accurate answers.
Unstructured Interview
__________ is a process where subordinates or employees provide anonymous feedback on their supervisor’s performance. This
feedback mechanism allows employees to share their perspectives on their supervisor’s leadership, communication, management style, and other relevant aspects of their role.
Upward Feedback
_________ is a type of training that involves creating a simulated work environment for employees to practice job-related tasks and skills.
Vestibule Training
This refers to a method used in industrial and organizational
psychology to assess how employees spend their time on various tasks. It involves
taking random samples of work activities to gain insights into work patterns, efficiency, and productivity.
Work Sampling Event
The __________ method is a performance appraisal
method that compares each employee’s performance to a predetermined standard or expected level of output.
Work Standards Method
