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PS1110 > Defining Wellbeing and Mental health > Flashcards

Defining Wellbeing and Mental health Flashcards

1
Q

World Health Organisation Definition of Mental health

A

Individuals can cope with everyday stress and are can maintain friendships and communicate with family

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2
Q

What are…
- Mental Health Condition
- Mental Disorder
- Psychosocial Disability

A
  • psychological disabilities and mental disorders
  • Dysfunction with the psychological, biological, or developmental processes.
  • Exclusion and discrimination
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3
Q

WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)

A

Connect - Positive relationships
Function - Earn a living
Cope - Deal with stress
Thrive - Feel good
* Mental health and physical health are equally important

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4
Q

WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)

Risks

A

Example: Sexual abuse, Low Income, disease outbreaks
- Undermine mental health
- Most at-risk people will not develop mental
health conditions and many people with no
known risk factor still develop a mental health
condition

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5
Q

WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)

Protective factors

A

Example: Good physical Health, Economic security, Gender equality
- Enhance mental health
- Build resilience i.e. positive parenting and safe neighbourhoods

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6
Q

WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)

Mental health and link with poverty

A
  • fewer education and employment opportunities
  • Less able to access healthcare
  • Not able to maintain sufficient living standards
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7
Q

WHO initiative for mental health and wellbeing
Theory Of Change

A

Aim, increase access to mental health care , 100 million more people
Problems: depression and anxiety disorders cost the the global economy $1 trillion per year
Strategic action: advance mental health policy, scaling up services and interventions

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8
Q

WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)

Three transformative paths

A

Deepen value and commitment - invest more in mental health
Reshape environments for mental health- schools
Strengthen mental health care - affordable community services

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9
Q

WHO definition of Health

A

Good social well being, mental and physical health as well as the absence of disease

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10
Q

What is the Hedonistic view
(Ryan and Deci, 2001)

A

The avoidance of pain and negative mood as well as focus on positive mood only.

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11
Q

What is the Eudaimonic View

A

Focus on psychological wellbeing as well as personal growth

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12
Q

Well-Being Frame Work
Knight and McNaught, 2011

A

Society wellbeing: Fairness, equality and social justice
Community wellbeing: Housing and physical safety
Family wellbeing: Interpersonal relationships within and out side family
Individual wellbeing: Social, psychological, physical and spiritual

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13
Q

Well London, 2007

A
  • Big Lottery Fund gave Greater London Authority money to deliver health and well being programme.
  • Phase 1 - 20 of Londons most deprived neighbourhoods. 17, 000 participants
  • 86% improvement to mental well being
  • 83% improvement in physical activity
  • Improved community cohesion and increased life skills
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14
Q

How was Well London Implemented

A
  • DIY happiness sessions, practical advice and positive approaches
  • Hairingy, Therapy for over 50s
  • Waltham Forrest, Camping trips and equipment
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15
Q

What is prevalence

A
  • Point prevalence - number of cases at specific time
  • 1yr prevalence - anyone who experienced condition throughout year
  • Life time prevalence - number of cases of condition at any time in their lives, ill and recovered
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16
Q

How common are mental health conditions

Steel et al (2014)

A
  • 1/5 people experience mental health disorders in the past 12 months
  • Females are more likely to experience mood or anxiety condition
  • Males more likely to experience alcohol or substance abuse
17
Q

How prevalent are mental heath disorders

World Mental Health Report 2019

A
  • Anxiety and depressive disorders are most common
  • Anxiety disorders are prevalent at a younger age
  • regarding adults, depressive disorders are most common
18
Q

How has covid impacted rates of anxiety and depression?

World Mental Health Report, Geneva 2022

A
  • more people have anxiety and depression
  • There has been a larger increase in mental disorders amongst younger generations
  • Countries who had been hit hard by covid had a larger increase in disorder prevalence
19
Q

Study on Covid 19 related anxiety in the UK

A

Ryan Mckay found that older participants experienced greater amounts of anxiety revolving Covid-19

20
Q

Violating a societal norm
(defining mental health condition)

A
  • Not following social norms of their culture for example dressing extravavgantly
  • norms differ everywhere
  • depressive behaviours don’t violate societal norms
21
Q

Violating a statistical norm
(defining mental health condition)

A
  • A behaviour which is shown less often than the normal amount in society
22
Q

Personal distress
(defining mental health condition)

A
  • i.e. depressed people may show sings of anxiety, worry and low mood
  • However could be a response to something external i.e bereavement
23
Q

Disability of dysfunction in behaviour
(defining mental health condition)

A
  • high absenteeism
  • isolation from family
  • housebound
24
Q

What are some advantages of classifying disorders?

A
  • The same name used for each disorder
  • can better identify treatment and causation
25
Q

What are some disadvantages of classifying disorders?

A
  • there may be stigma surrounding the disorder
  • Others may stereotype you
26
Q

Categorical approach to classification

A
  • i.e. use of the DSM
  • Either presence or absence of symptoms
  • qualitative
27
Q

Dimensional approach to classifiction

A
  • symptoms vary on a continuum
  • quantitative
28
Q

What are genetic influences of mental health conditions

A
  • Abnormalities in genes such as polymorphisms mean you are more vulnerable
  • they don’t cause mental illness but act as a stressor
  • hard to identify because of environmental factors need large samples
29
Q

Genotype - Environment Interaction: Depressions
Capsi et al, (2003)

Lesch at al, (1996)
found same results

A
  • 850 participants age 3 to adulthood
  • Interaction with specific gene which transports the serotonin
  • two short allele participants with 4 plus life stressors were two times more likely to develop major depression.
  • compared to two long allele participants
30
Q

Genotype - Environment Interaction: depression
Culverhouse et al (2017)

A
  • 40,000 participants
  • association between negative life events and depression
  • no genetic affect or genotype environment interaction
  • other findings due to chance
  • only specific life events were taken into account

PS1110 (10 decks)

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