Defining Wellbeing and Mental health Flashcards
World Health Organisation Definition of Mental health
Individuals can cope with everyday stress and are can maintain friendships and communicate with family
What are…
- Mental Health Condition
- Mental Disorder
- Psychosocial Disability
- psychological disabilities and mental disorders
- Dysfunction with the psychological, biological, or developmental processes.
- Exclusion and discrimination
WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)
Connect - Positive relationships
Function - Earn a living
Cope - Deal with stress
Thrive - Feel good
* Mental health and physical health are equally important
WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)
Risks
Example: Sexual abuse, Low Income, disease outbreaks
- Undermine mental health
- Most at-risk people will not develop mental
health conditions and many people with no
known risk factor still develop a mental health
condition
WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)
Protective factors
Example: Good physical Health, Economic security, Gender equality
- Enhance mental health
- Build resilience i.e. positive parenting and safe neighbourhoods
WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)
Mental health and link with poverty
- fewer education and employment opportunities
- Less able to access healthcare
- Not able to maintain sufficient living standards
WHO initiative for mental health and wellbeing
Theory Of Change
Aim, increase access to mental health care , 100 million more people
Problems: depression and anxiety disorders cost the the global economy $1 trillion per year
Strategic action: advance mental health policy, scaling up services and interventions
WHO - Transforming Mental Health for all
(Geneva, 2022)
Three transformative paths
Deepen value and commitment - invest more in mental health
Reshape environments for mental health- schools
Strengthen mental health care - affordable community services
WHO definition of Health
Good social well being, mental and physical health as well as the absence of disease
What is the Hedonistic view
(Ryan and Deci, 2001)
The avoidance of pain and negative mood as well as focus on positive mood only.
What is the Eudaimonic View
Focus on psychological wellbeing as well as personal growth
Well-Being Frame Work
Knight and McNaught, 2011
Society wellbeing: Fairness, equality and social justice
Community wellbeing: Housing and physical safety
Family wellbeing: Interpersonal relationships within and out side family
Individual wellbeing: Social, psychological, physical and spiritual
Well London, 2007
- Big Lottery Fund gave Greater London Authority money to deliver health and well being programme.
- Phase 1 - 20 of Londons most deprived neighbourhoods. 17, 000 participants
- 86% improvement to mental well being
- 83% improvement in physical activity
- Improved community cohesion and increased life skills
How was Well London Implemented
- DIY happiness sessions, practical advice and positive approaches
- Hairingy, Therapy for over 50s
- Waltham Forrest, Camping trips and equipment
What is prevalence
- Point prevalence - number of cases at specific time
- 1yr prevalence - anyone who experienced condition throughout year
- Life time prevalence - number of cases of condition at any time in their lives, ill and recovered
How common are mental health conditions
Steel et al (2014)
- 1/5 people experience mental health disorders in the past 12 months
- Females are more likely to experience mood or anxiety condition
- Males more likely to experience alcohol or substance abuse
How prevalent are mental heath disorders
World Mental Health Report 2019
- Anxiety and depressive disorders are most common
- Anxiety disorders are prevalent at a younger age
- regarding adults, depressive disorders are most common
How has covid impacted rates of anxiety and depression?
World Mental Health Report, Geneva 2022
- more people have anxiety and depression
- There has been a larger increase in mental disorders amongst younger generations
- Countries who had been hit hard by covid had a larger increase in disorder prevalence
Study on Covid 19 related anxiety in the UK
Ryan Mckay found that older participants experienced greater amounts of anxiety revolving Covid-19
Violating a societal norm
(defining mental health condition)
- Not following social norms of their culture for example dressing extravavgantly
- norms differ everywhere
- depressive behaviours don’t violate societal norms
Violating a statistical norm
(defining mental health condition)
- A behaviour which is shown less often than the normal amount in society
Personal distress
(defining mental health condition)
- i.e. depressed people may show sings of anxiety, worry and low mood
- However could be a response to something external i.e bereavement
Disability of dysfunction in behaviour
(defining mental health condition)
- high absenteeism
- isolation from family
- housebound
What are some advantages of classifying disorders?
- The same name used for each disorder
- can better identify treatment and causation
What are some disadvantages of classifying disorders?
- there may be stigma surrounding the disorder
- Others may stereotype you
Categorical approach to classification
- i.e. use of the DSM
- Either presence or absence of symptoms
- qualitative
Dimensional approach to classifiction
- symptoms vary on a continuum
- quantitative
What are genetic influences of mental health conditions
- Abnormalities in genes such as polymorphisms mean you are more vulnerable
- they don’t cause mental illness but act as a stressor
- hard to identify because of environmental factors need large samples
Genotype - Environment Interaction: Depressions
Capsi et al, (2003)
Lesch at al, (1996)
found same results
- 850 participants age 3 to adulthood
- Interaction with specific gene which transports the serotonin
- two short allele participants with 4 plus life stressors were two times more likely to develop major depression.
- compared to two long allele participants
Genotype - Environment Interaction: depression
Culverhouse et al (2017)
- 40,000 participants
- association between negative life events and depression
- no genetic affect or genotype environment interaction
- other findings due to chance
- only specific life events were taken into account
