Conceptual and Historical Issues In Mental Health Flashcards
1
Q
Ancient views of Mental illness
A
- possessed by gods and demons
- Treated through exorcism
2
Q
Greek and Roman views of Mental illness
A
- Imbalance of the four humours (Hippocrates)
- Balance humours
3
Q
Early Renaissance
A
- move away from religion
- “lunatic” influenced by the moon
- establishment of asylums (remove from society)
4
Q
Bedlam Hospital
A
- mental hospital in London
- Inhumane treatments
- Bedlam now means ‘ confusion and uproar in a certain place’
5
Q
Humanitarian Reform
A
- Phillipe Pinel, removed chains from inmates and treated them like humans
- Dorothea Dix, Mental hygiene movement. Improving physical conditions form the mentally ill.
6
Q
The early 19th Century to late 19th Century
A
- Asylums went from being run by laypersons to psychiatrists
- Also went from moral management to being able to diagnose conditions (vaguely)
7
Q
The 20th Century
A
- Development of outpatient clinics and community work
- Use of medication like lithium for depression
8
Q
Is grief a disorder?
A
- Normal response to loss
- However, 7%-10% of adults have intense feelings of grief which impact their life
9
Q
DSM-5 grief disorder
A
- has to be at least 6 months for children and adults 1year since loss of loved one
- At least three symptoms very day for a month i.e. loneliness, emotional numbness and problems engaging with friends
10
Q
What are some critics of the DSM
A
- may increase rates of mental illness
- may be trying to medicalise normal human experience
11
Q
What is the History of Madness in the classical age
A
- Madness replaced lepers
- Mad people were sent away on ships ‘Ship of fools’
- Renaissance, accepted mad people into society
- Then lost what it’s like to be human and treated them like animals
- In the 19th century, it was decided that madness could be cured
12
Q
What is Foucault’s Argument
A
- Understand mental disorder as well as power
- the mad were treated better in the Renaissance rather than 17th century
- Mad were felt to be different rather than crazy and could wonder freely
- Medicalised and institutionalised, try to cure rather than live along side.
13
Q
Classical experience of Madness
Foucault 1961
A
- he was interested i individuals who didn’t follow societal norms
- not only mental health conditions but sexual offenders and those who are not religious
14
Q
Classical experience of Madness
Level 1 and Level 2
Foucault
A
1st Level = confinement as an economic policy
- deal with poverty, put them to controlled work
- did not work, only hid poverty
2nd Level = Idea that has come from Calvin where you have to be religious
- detention rather than treatment of the mad
15
Q
What is the Anti Psychiatry Movement?
R.D Laing
A
- founded on a false epistemology where illness is diagnosed by mannerisms and behaviour but treated biologically
2 Main Arguments: - Criteria is vague leaving to much room for opinions (so doesn’t meet basic scientific standards)
- Existing treatments do more harm than good
