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203: Theme 2: Reproductive system, fetal development, pregnancy and birth > Defining the pelvic region > Flashcards

Defining the pelvic region Flashcards

1
Q

The four bones that make up the pelvis

A

Two innominate bones: ilium, ischium and pubis

Sacrum formed by the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae

Coccyx formed by the fusion of the 4 coccygeal vertebrae

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2
Q

The innomiate bones

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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3
Q

Ligaments of the pelvis

A

Sacroiliac ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrococcygeal ligament

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4
Q

Sacroiliac

A

Between the sacrum and the ilium

Has an anterior and posterior component

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5
Q

Sacrococcygeal

A

Between the sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

Sacrospinous

A

Between the spine and the sacrum/ coccyx

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7
Q

Sacrotuberous

A

Posterior to the sacrospinous

Between the lateral aspect of the sacrum and coccyx onto medial margin of ischial tuberosity

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8
Q

The perineum

A

Refers to the space located at the pelvic outlet and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

Describes the narrow region between the thighs

Diamond shaped surface extending from the mons pubis to the medial surface of the thighs and posteriorly to the gluteal folds

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9
Q

The perineum diamond

A

A transverse lining joins the two ischial tuberosities splits the perineum into two triangles
- urogenital and anal triangles

The mid point of this line defines the perineal body

The perineal body sees the convergence of several sphincter and perineal pouch muscles

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10
Q

Deep perineal pouch encloses

A

Urethra

Vagina in females

Glands such as bulbourethral glands in males

Perineal muscles that act as sphincters, such as compressor urethrae or urethrovaginal sphincter in females

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11
Q

Superficial perineal pouch encloses

A

Urethra

Vagina in females, root of penis in males

Glands, such as bartholin in females and cowper in males

Perineal muscles that provide support to the external genitalia, such as the bulbospongiosus or ischiocavernosus muscles

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12
Q

Pelvic joints

A

Sacroiliac

Sacrococcygeal

Pubic symphysis

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13
Q

The pelvic brim

A

Formed by the

  • promontory and ala (wing) of sacrum
  • right and left linea terminalis (arcuate line and pectineal line)
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14
Q

Pelvic cavity borders

A

Posterior: sacrum/ coccyx

Anterior: pubic symphysis

Inferior: pelvic floor

Superior: pelvic brim

Lateral: obturator internus m

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15
Q

Contents of the pelvic cavity

A

Reproductive organs/ tracts

Bladder

Rectum

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16
Q

Pelvic musculature lining the wall

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

17
Q

Pelvic musculature lining the floor

A

Coccygeus

Levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and puborectalis)

18
Q

Piriformis

A

From the anterior surface of the sacrum

Through the grater sciatic foramen

Inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur

19
Q

Obturator internus

A

From the internal surface of the obturator membrane

Through the lesser sciatic foramen

Also inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur

20
Q

Coccygeal

A

From the ischial spine to the inferior end of the sacrum and coccyx

21
Q

Iliocyccygeus

A

From the tendinous arch (a line extending from the ischial spine to the posterior aspect of the pubic bone)

To the annococcygeal body

22
Q

Pubocyccygeus

A

From the posterior aspect of the pubic bone

Inserts to the coccyx (lateral fibres) or merges with the contralateral fibres of the same named muscle (medial fibres)

23
Q

Puborectalis

A

A continuous muscle that originates from the posterior aspect of the pubic bone and slings behind the rectum

24
Q

Arterial supply to the pelvis

A

Anterior division of internal iliac, providing several branches e.g. uterine, vesical or internal pudendal

Gonadal, from abdominal aorta, supplying gonads

25
Q

Venous drainage of the pelvis

A

Internal iliac to common iliac veins

Gonadal to IVC or L renal vein

26
Q

Nervous control

A

Somatic plexuses

Visceral plexuses

27
Q

Somatic plexuses

A

L4-Co

Divided into

  • lumbosacral (L4-S4)
  • coccygeal (S4-Co_

Function as motor or sensory

28
Q

Visceral plexuses

A

Paravertebral/ prevertebral

Sympathetic/ parasympethtic/ viscreal fibres

Erection/ ejaculation

29
Q

Lumbosacral trunk

A

Superior gluteal

Inferior gluteal

Sciatic

Pudendal

30
Q

Parasympathetic flor

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4

31
Q

Sympathetic flow

A

Sacral sympathetic trunk

Superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses

32
Q

Posterior pelvis (gluteal)

A

Sciatic nerve

Pudendal nerve

Gluteal vessels

  • superior
  • inferior

203: Theme 2: Reproductive system, fetal development, pregnancy and birth (25 decks)

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