Deficiencies Flashcards
Vitamin A
nyctalopia (night blindness)
xerophthalmia (dry eyes/bitot spots/corneal damage)
hyperkeratosis (dry/scaly skin)
Vitamin D
rickets (soft/weakening bones in children)
osteomalacia (soft bones)
Vitamin E
hemolytic anemia (RBC breakdown)
Vitamin K
hemorrhage
Vitamin B1 [Thiamin]
beriberi (dry = nervous; wet = heart)
muscle weakness/foot drop/memory loss
tachycardia
Vitamin B2 [Riboflavin]
cheilosis/angular stomatitis (cracked lips/mouth, sore throat)
magenta tongue
growth failure
Vitamin B3 [Niacin]
pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death)
beefy, bright, red tongue
Vitamin B9 [Folate]
megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia (large RBC)
diarrhea, fatigue, irritability, dyspnea
Vitamin B6 [Pyridoxine]
seizures
anemia
dermatitis
glossitis (tongue inflammation)
peripheral neuropathy
Vitamin B12 [Cyanocobalamin]
megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia (large RBC)
pernicious anemia (decreased RBC)
Vitamin B5 [Pantothenic Acid]
paresthesia in feet (pins&needles)
Vitamin C [Ascorbic Acid]
scurvy (poor wound healing, bleeding gums)
petechiae (round bleeding spots)
Vitamin B7 [Biotin]
muscle pain
dermatitis
glossitis (tongue inflammation)
Calcium
tetany (involuntary muscle contractions)
Phosphorus
loss of appetite, bone pain/fragile, stiff joints, irritability, numbness, weakness
Iron
anemia (unable to produce enough RBC)
pale tongue
fatigue
spoon shape nails
pale conjunctivae
Magnesium
Tremors
Zinc
alopecia (hair loss)
poor wound healing
reduced immune function
hypogeusia (reduced taste)
growth retardation
Iodine
goiter (enlarged thyroid)
Fluoride
dental caries
Copper
microcytic anemia (small RBC)
neutropenia (low neutrophils)
wilson’s disease (genetic absence of liver enzyme -> copper build up)
Selenium
myalgia (muscle pain)
cardiac myopathy (pump blood unwell)
Chronium
insulin resistance
Cobalt
related to B12 deficiency
