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7. Psychotherapy > Defense Mechanisms > Flashcards

Defense Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

list the 3 narcissistic-psychotic defense mechanisms

A

delusional projection

denial

distortion

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2
Q

what is the function of the narcissistic-psychotic defense mechanisms

A

avoid, negate or distort reality

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3
Q

list the immature defenses

A

acting out

introjection

passive-aggressive

projection

regression

schizoid fantasy

somatization

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4
Q

in what populations are the immature defense mechanisms common

A

adolescents and in adult personality disorders

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5
Q

the immature defense mechanisms are mobilized by what experience

A

anxiety

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6
Q

list the neurotic defense mechanisms

A

controlling

displacement

dissociation

inhibition

externalization

intellectualization

isolation of affect

rationalization

reaction formation

repression

undoing

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7
Q

list the mature defense mechanisms

A

altruisim

anticipation

asceticism

humor

sublimation

suppression

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8
Q

list the 5 “other” defense mechanisms

A

splitting

idealization

devaluation

omnipotence

projective identification

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9
Q

in what populations are the neurotic defense mechanisms common

A

common in normal/healthy people and those with neurotic disorders

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10
Q

what is the function of the neurotic defense mechanisms

A

alleviating distressing affects

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11
Q

what is delusional projection

A

perceiving and reacting to unacceptable inner impulses as though they were OUTSIDE THE SELF–> unwanted feelings are ATTRIBUTED TO ANOTHER, appear as a threat from the external world

usually PERSECUTORY in nature

i.e psychotic paranoid delusions

*narcissistic-psychotic

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12
Q

what is denial as a defense mechanisms

A

denial of external reality

BLOCKING event from awareness because they are too threatening

AVOIDS BECOME AWARE of painful aspects of reality

i.e smoker who refuses to acknowledge smoking is bad for health; denial of critical illness; denial of sexual orientation

*narcissistic-psychotic

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13
Q

what is distortion

A

grossly RESHAPING the experience of external reality to suit inner needs

i.e narcissistic person who finds ways to blame others for their own failings

*narcissistic-psychotic

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14
Q

what is acting out

A

DIRECT expression of unconscious wish or impulse in action to AVOID BEING CONSCIOUS of accompanying AFFECT

unconscious fantasy enacted in behaviour to gratify impulse, without awareness of emotion driving behaviour

“pressure release”–can help person feel calmer

i.e instead of telling someone you are angry with them, you punch a hole in the wall; can also be self injurious behaviour

*immature

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15
Q

what is introjection

A

internalization of characteristics of an object (i.e in the sense of object relations)

for loved object–> goal is ensuring closeness to and constant presence of the object–> lowers anxiety from separation/loss of or ambivalence towards object as internally preserved

for aggressive object–> there is decreased anxiety via putting aggression under one’s own control

i.e victims of childhood abuse may become angry and aggressive / woman whose mother died starts trying to keep house immaculate so that mother “would be proud of her”

*immature

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16
Q

what is passive-aggression

A

aggression towards an object expressed INDIRECTLY (an INEFFECTIVELY) through passivity

resistance to demands of others without direct confrontation

i.e sarcasm; “accidentally” forgetting to do something

*immature

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17
Q

what is projection

A

attributing one’s OWN UNACKNOWLEDGED feelings to OTHERS

allows expression of undesirable impulses/desires without having to become aware of them

i.e you hate someone–> superego tells you hate is unacceptable–> defense is to project and believe instead that that person hates you

*immature

18
Q

what is regression

A

return to a previous stage of development/functioning to AVOID ANXIETIES in later stages

reflects basic tendency to achieve gratification or escape tension by returning to earlier modes when later ones fail

i.e teenager who is overwhelmed becomes more clingy and childlike / wife retreats to parents house after fight with spouse

*immature

19
Q

what is schizoid fantasy

A

tendency to use fantasy and indulge in autistic retreat for purpose of conflict resolution and gratification –> used to solve inner and outer conflicts

i.e daydreaming

*immature

20
Q

what is somatization

A

conversion of psychic derivatives into bodily symptoms

21
Q

what is controlling as a defense mechanism

A

excessive attempt to manage or regulate events/objects in environment to minimize anxiety and solve internal conflicts

*neurotic

22
Q

what is displacement

A

UNCONSCIOUS SHIFT of impulses or affective investment from one object to another in the interest of solving a conflict–> shifts impulses to more “acceptable” or less threatening target that serves as a substitute

i.e yell at dog instead of boss–> get a bad grade and kick the dog

*neurotic

23
Q

what is dissociation

A

temporary but drastic modification of character or sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress; momentarily lose touch with the world, and cope with uncomfortable situations by “removing” self from them

includes fugue states

*neurotic

24
Q

what is externalization

A

general term–> tendency to perceive external world and external objects as components of ones own personality

i.e patient who is extremely argumentative and instead of recognizing this trait in herself, complains about difficult personalities of others and views self as blameless

*neurotic

25
Q

what is inhibition

A

unconscious limitation of specific ego functions to avoid anxiety arising out of conflict with instinctual impulses, superego or environment–> accepting partial or modified fulfillment–> curtailment of a process or behaviour

i.e person dx terminal illness discusses facts and research related to it

*neurotic

26
Q

what is isolation of affect

A

INTRAPSYCHIC SPLITTING or separation of affect from content resulting in repression of either idea or affect, or displacement of affect to a substitute–> creation of a GAP between unacceptable aspect and other thoughts and feelings

*recall questions love to emphasize how OCPD uses isolation of affect

i.e victim of trauma who talks about the event. but feels no emotion

*neurotic

27
Q

what is rationalization

A

JUSTIFICATION of attitudes, beliefs or behaviour that might otherwise be unacceptable by an INCORRECT application of justifying reasons–> explaining unacceptable behaviour or feeling in a rational SEEMING manner to AVOID TRUE REASONS for behaviour–> convincing self that no wrong has been done by faulty reasoning

i.e student who fails exam and says there is no way they could have passed because the teacher doesnt like them

*neurotic

28
Q

what is reaction formation

A

management of unacceptable impulses by permitting expression of the impulse in ANTITHETICAL FORM–> behaves OPPOSITE to how one thinks/feels

i.e mother who bears unwanted child and becomes overprotective / man who is rude to an unattainable woman he is attracted to

*neurotic

29
Q

what is repression

A

withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness–> unconscious BLOCKING of unacceptable content

primary = repressed before reaching consciousness

secondary = once conscious, becomes later repressed

often accompanied by symbolic behaviour that suggests content is not really forgotten

i.e person abused as young child and doesnt remember it but has trouble forming relationships

*neurotic

30
Q

what is undoing

A

attempt to COMPENSATE for/reduce GUILT over past action

symbolic

i.e intentionally push past someone at a store, realize they are frail, then apologize and offer to help / mother slaps daughter in anger then kisses and cuddles her

*neurotic

31
Q

what is altruism

A

vicarious but constructive and instinctually gratifying service to others, even to detriment of self–> satisfying internal needs through helping others

i.e volunteer work

*mature

32
Q

what is anticipation

A

realistic anticipation of or planning for future inner discomfort–> planning for a stressful event

i.e upcoming dental surgery and so uses coping statements, draws on past experiences, arranges day off work

*mature

33
Q

what is asceticism

A

elimination of directly pleasurable affects attributable to an experience–> moral element is implicit in setting values on specific pleasures–> gratification is derived from the denunciation

i.e monks

*mature?

34
Q

how is humor used as a defense mechanism

A

overt expression of feelings without personal discomfort, immobilization or unpleasant effect on others

looking for funny, lighthearted, ironic elements–> allows one to bear and focus on what is too terrible to be borne

reduces intensity of a situation

distinct from wit, which involves distraction or displacement away from the affective issue

*mature

35
Q

what is sublimation

A

gratification of an impulse whose goal is retained but whose aim or object is changed from a socially objectionable one to a socially valued one–> similar to displacement but done in a constructive way

allows instinct to be channeled rather than dammed up or diverted (in contrast to neurotic defenses)

i.e aggression is sublimated via sports

*mature

36
Q

what is suppression

A

conscious or semiconscious decision to POSTPONE attention to a conscious impulse or conflict–> delaying paying attention in order to cope with present reality, and the conflict is accessed later

ie fight with partner before work, set aside until after work

*mature

37
Q

what is splitting

A

failure to bring together positive and negative qualities of self and others into a cohesive whole

when an individual is unable to integrate difficult feelings, the tendency is to view people/events as all good or all bad (idealization and devaluation)–> black and white thinking

i.e partner breaks up and the individual views self as completely unlovable

38
Q

what is idealization

A

attribution of exaggerated positive qualities to self or others

39
Q

what is devaluation

A

attribution of exaggerated negative qualities to self or others

40
Q

what is omnipotence

A

dealing with emotional conflict or inner/external stressors by feeling or acting as though one possesses special powers/abilities or is superior to others

41
Q

what is projective identification

A

projection onto another, then pressure projected into behaving in accordance with projection–> evoke projected thoughts/feelings from the other

behaviour is altered to make projection true

allows individual to distort/deny reality in order to maintain self image

i.e believe you are being persecuted, and the act suspiciously

7. Psychotherapy (3 decks)

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