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year 9 science > Defending Ourselves > Flashcards

Defending Ourselves Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anything that brings about disease to an infected host

A

Pathegon

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2
Q

A disease caused by a Pathogen that can be passed from one organism to another

A

Infectious disease

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3
Q

Single cell, microscopic organism that has a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. The majority are able to move independently.

A

Protozoa

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4
Q

Different ways that Protozoa move

A

Amoeba: movement using pseudopodia (foot)
Flagellates: movement using flagella (whip-like tail)
Ciliates: movement using cilia (beating hairs)

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5
Q

Recognise human diseases caused by Protozoa

A

Malaria, African Sleeping sickness, Amoebiasis, Giardiasis

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6
Q

Single cell, microscopic organisms that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Common Bacteria Shapes

A

Rod shaped (Bacillus)
Spherical (Coccus)
Spiral (Spirilla)

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8
Q

Recognise human diseases caused by bacteria

A

Tetanus, Typhoid fever, Cholera, Plague, Syphilis, Gonorrahoea, Tuberculosis, Legionaries disease, Pneumonia, Anthrax

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9
Q

Single cell or multicellular microscopic organisms that have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. Most produce spores, Decompose organic matter

A

Fungi

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10
Q

Recognise diseases caused by a virus

A

Influenza, Chicken pox, Herpes, AIDS (HIV), Mumps, measles, Human papilloma virus (HPV)

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11
Q

Recognise diseases caused by fungi

A

Candidiasis (thrush), ringworm Fungal meningitis, Athletes foot, Tinea

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12
Q

DNA wrapped in protein

A

Virus

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13
Q

An infectious agent that is composed entirely of protein

A

Prion

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14
Q

Recognise diseases caused by prions

A

Mad cow disease, Scrapie, Kuru disease

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15
Q

Any condition that interrupts normal organ or body function

A

Disease

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16
Q

An organism, visible to the naked eye, that obtains benefit at the expense of their host

A

Macroscopic parasite (note: bacteria and fungi are types of micro parasites)

17
Q

List of macroparasites

A

Ectoparasites: bedbugs, lice, leeches, ticks, fleas, mosquitoes, mites
Endoparasites: tapeworms, hookworms

18
Q

Non-specific barriers that act to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body. Includes chemical and physical barriers

A

First line of defence

19
Q

List of physical chemical barriers used by the first line of defence

A

Skin, tears, mucus, cilia (beating hairs), stomach acid, urine flow, friendly bacteria, earwax

20
Q

An enzyme found in tears, mucus, saliva and other body secretions that kill harmful pathogens

A

Lysozyme

21
Q

Beating hairs that can physically cause cell movement or move fluids along a tract

A

Cilia

22
Q

Specific responses to destroy pathogens that have entered the body

A

Second line of defence

23
Q

The most abundant white blood cell (like pawns in chess). Usually the first to act in the second line of defence. Block the spread of toxins, assist in swelling, and induce an inflammatory response (a response of increased blood flow to the damaged area). They are phagocytes

A

Neutrophil

specialised white blood cells

24
Q

The second white blood cell to arrive at the site of infection. These cells are large and mobile And act as rubbish collectors. They are phagocytes

A

Macrophage

Specialised white blood cell

25
Q

The process by which a large cell extends its cytoplasm around a foreign object and draws it inside. (Pac man), later destroying it with enzymes

A

Phagocytosis

26
Q

A specific immune response that acts to identify and assist in destroying pathogens that have entered the body

A

Third line of defence

27
Q

Proteins found on the surface of pathogens that causes an immune response

A

Antigen

28
Q

Specialised white blood cells, including B cells and T cells, that function in the body’s immune system by recognising (memory) and deactivating specific antigens

A

Lymphocyte

Specialised white blood cell

29
Q

Specialised proteins produced by lymphocytes that bind to and inactivate a specific antigen

A

Antibodies

30
Q

The administration of live or dead pathogens to simulate an immune response to that disease

A

Vaccination

31
Q

To possess biological defences against a specific disease

A

Immunity

32
Q

A disease caused by factors such as genetics, the environment and lifestyle that cannot be passed from one organism to another organism

A

Non-infectious disease

33
Q

Recognise non-infectious diseases

A

Cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer, anorexia, nervosa

year 9 science (6 decks)

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