Defending Ourselves Flashcards
Anything that brings about disease to an infected host
Pathegon
A disease caused by a Pathogen that can be passed from one organism to another
Infectious disease
Single cell, microscopic organism that has a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. The majority are able to move independently.
Protozoa
Different ways that Protozoa move
Amoeba: movement using pseudopodia (foot)
Flagellates: movement using flagella (whip-like tail)
Ciliates: movement using cilia (beating hairs)
Recognise human diseases caused by Protozoa
Malaria, African Sleeping sickness, Amoebiasis, Giardiasis
Single cell, microscopic organisms that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Bacteria
Common Bacteria Shapes
Rod shaped (Bacillus)
Spherical (Coccus)
Spiral (Spirilla)
Recognise human diseases caused by bacteria
Tetanus, Typhoid fever, Cholera, Plague, Syphilis, Gonorrahoea, Tuberculosis, Legionaries disease, Pneumonia, Anthrax
Single cell or multicellular microscopic organisms that have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. Most produce spores, Decompose organic matter
Fungi
Recognise diseases caused by a virus
Influenza, Chicken pox, Herpes, AIDS (HIV), Mumps, measles, Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Recognise diseases caused by fungi
Candidiasis (thrush), ringworm Fungal meningitis, Athletes foot, Tinea
DNA wrapped in protein
Virus
An infectious agent that is composed entirely of protein
Prion
Recognise diseases caused by prions
Mad cow disease, Scrapie, Kuru disease
Any condition that interrupts normal organ or body function
Disease
An organism, visible to the naked eye, that obtains benefit at the expense of their host
Macroscopic parasite (note: bacteria and fungi are types of micro parasites)
List of macroparasites
Ectoparasites: bedbugs, lice, leeches, ticks, fleas, mosquitoes, mites
Endoparasites: tapeworms, hookworms
Non-specific barriers that act to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body. Includes chemical and physical barriers
First line of defence
List of physical chemical barriers used by the first line of defence
Skin, tears, mucus, cilia (beating hairs), stomach acid, urine flow, friendly bacteria, earwax
An enzyme found in tears, mucus, saliva and other body secretions that kill harmful pathogens
Lysozyme
Beating hairs that can physically cause cell movement or move fluids along a tract
Cilia
Specific responses to destroy pathogens that have entered the body
Second line of defence
The most abundant white blood cell (like pawns in chess). Usually the first to act in the second line of defence. Block the spread of toxins, assist in swelling, and induce an inflammatory response (a response of increased blood flow to the damaged area). They are phagocytes
Neutrophil
specialised white blood cells
The second white blood cell to arrive at the site of infection. These cells are large and mobile And act as rubbish collectors. They are phagocytes
Macrophage
Specialised white blood cell
The process by which a large cell extends its cytoplasm around a foreign object and draws it inside. (Pac man), later destroying it with enzymes
Phagocytosis
A specific immune response that acts to identify and assist in destroying pathogens that have entered the body
Third line of defence
Proteins found on the surface of pathogens that causes an immune response
Antigen
Specialised white blood cells, including B cells and T cells, that function in the body’s immune system by recognising (memory) and deactivating specific antigens
Lymphocyte
Specialised white blood cell
Specialised proteins produced by lymphocytes that bind to and inactivate a specific antigen
Antibodies
The administration of live or dead pathogens to simulate an immune response to that disease
Vaccination
To possess biological defences against a specific disease
Immunity
A disease caused by factors such as genetics, the environment and lifestyle that cannot be passed from one organism to another organism
Non-infectious disease
Recognise non-infectious diseases
Cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer, anorexia, nervosa
