Def1 Flashcards
1
Q
A complication of Infectious mononucleosis?
A
acute airway obstruction(C/S inpatient with risk of o)
Hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia
Splenic rupture
2
Q
hyperkalemia managment indication?
A
if >=6.5
If symptomatic
3
Q
management?
A
Insulin + glucose
calcium gluconate
4
Q
vestibular neuritis?
A
Acute persistent vertigo
may have an ass. nausea, vomiting, and ataxia
following URT viral infection
may have hearing loss and fullness sensation
5
Q
erythropoietin indication?
A
ESRD + Hg < 10 g
6
Q
S/E?
A
mild or severe HTN
7
Q
age-related Sicca syndrome?
A
Dry eye and oral area
d/t from shorgen(in young and posetive ANA)
associated with DM and throid disease
8
Q
Arsenic poisoning symptoms?
A
ACUTE Garlic breath vomiting Diharoa QT prolongation Hepatitis pancytopenia Chronic skin hypo/hyperpigmentation mees line(horizontal straination of finger line stock glove pnurophaty
9
Q
Precontemplation?
A
patient dosnt ready to change
not acknowledge it
10
Q
action?
A
encourage the patient to evaluate the consequences of his behavior
11
Q
Contemplation?
A
patient ambivalent
acknowledge it
12
Q
action?
A
evaluate the pros and cons of his action
promote new behavior
13
Q
preparation?
A
ready to change
encourage small initial action
14
Q
action?
A
start to change
help to identify an appropriate strategy
15
Q
maintenance?
A
change integrated
give follow up and social support
prevent relapse
16
Q
Identification?
A
action is automatic
praise
17
Q
marijuana(cannabis) intoxication sign?
A
tachycardia tachypnea dry mouth injected conjunctiva increase appetite slow reaction time impaired concentration short term memory, cognition, and coordination may be affected
18
Q
Transient tachypnea of newborn pathophysiology?
A
Defect in reabsorption of fluid produced by alveoli
19
Q
Risk factor?
A
Prematurity
C/S
Maternal DM
20
Q
CM?
A
Tachypnea
Clear chest on auscultation
Hypoxia
CXR:Hyperinfleted lung and fluid in intraaleveolar space
21
Q
management?
A
Supportive
Nutrition and o2
self resolve within 1-3 week
22
Q
other than ABCDE for melanoma suspicion?
A
Ugley duck sign: Melanoma different appearance to other surrounding nevi
Elevation from the surrounding area
Firm to palpation
continuous growth
23
Q
electrolyte abnormality in tumor lysis syndrome?
A
High PKU(Pos.Pot.UA) LOW Ca
24
Q
Macrocephaly in children’s definition?
A
HC>97%
can be pathologic or benign
25
benign cause?
```
MCC
Familial macrocephaly
due to megalocephaly
treatment not needed
only U/S needed to exclude other pathology
No need of MRI/CT
```
26
Clinical feature for benign?
normal development
no syndromic feature
No sign of ICP
No sign of infection
27
Fibrocystic change of breast?
due to estrogen and progesterone dysregulation
Bilateral ,fibrocystic ( cord-like) mass.
perimenestruan difuse breast and chest tenderness
28
management?
1stL: NSAID
2nd: OCP
29
peripheral single blu inclusion in RBC?
Immature RBC Nuclear remaining(HJB)
Normally cleared by splenic macrophage
Occur inpatients with functional absence or complete absence of the spleen.
30
Differentials?
```
Lead poisoning (ribosomal remaining, Multiple blue staining(striping))
G6PD(oxidized Hgb Onley seen by CV staining and will have bite cells)
```
31
what to do inpatient with first DVT w/o underlying risk?
age-appropriate cancer screening
32
when to r/o genetic cause?
age <45
recurrent
unesual site/multiple site VT
family history
33
lung cancer screening protocol?
low dose CT is recommended
yearly
55-80
more than 30 pack smoking hx/quite in last 15 year
terminate if age 80, stoped >15 years or unable to perform lung surgery or other medical condition lower life expectancy
34
varicocele management?
resection inpatient who desire fertility and have testicular atrophy/infertility
Support and NSAID in older who do not need fertility
35
things to do in hyperkalemia?
first, do ECG
Treatment(Caglu/Insulin + Glucose) if symptomatic/ECG changes, or if K>7 or rapid raising K in executive tissue releasing pathology(TLS),
36
the first step in the management of BZD toxicity?
maintain respiration
| then flumazenil can be given
37
MRI sign of MS?
A multifocal ovoid lesion in the periventricular area, Corpus callosum, cerebellum, optic nerve, and spine.
38
acute exacerbation management?
IV Corticosteroid
| Plasma exchange if not respond
39
idiopatic ICH in prepubertal?
```
visual sx(diplopia, visual loss, optic disk swelling and blind spot enlargement be noticed)
headache is not common
```
40
common underlying valvular pathology in IE?
MVP with MR
41
atypical lymphocyte?
large vacoulated cell
EBC(+ MST)
CMV(-ve MST and + IgM 0
42
age-induced sleep disorder?
```
inc sleep latency
frequent nighttime awakening
morning awakeness
slow-wave from sleep
daytime napping
non-pharmacologic treatment is recomended
```
43
when to suspect medication-induced mania/depression?
pt with no previous psychotic sx
| dopamine agonist usage
44
medication-induced headache?
not daily sx
| hx of analgesic abuse
45
warning sign inpatient in headache that requires early imaging?
```
seizure, AMS, and FND
change frq, intensity and character of headache
onset age >40
trauma hx
awakening headache
sudden onset
```
46
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder?
Due to degeneration of spinal nuclei which inhibit motor activity during REM
Common in elderly
Maybe sign of neurodegenerative disorder
Common in late night when REM pase increase
47
CM?
Motor activity while on sleep
The patient remember the dream but not the activity
Increase frequency as it persists
may have motor symptoms of neurodegenerative disease
48
what about a nightmare?
occur in REM as RBD
| but have no motor symptom
49
what about sleepwalking?
```
Occur in younger
Occur in Non-REM (N3)
difficult to awake
they may have motor activity
doesn't remember the episode
confusion after awakening
```
50
night terror?
scream and are very frightened and confused.
They thrash around violently and are often not aware of their surroundings.
may not be able to respond to being talked to, comforted, or awakened.
maybe sweating, breathing very fast (hyperventilating), having a fast heart rate, and widened (dilated) pupils.
The spell may last 10 to 20 minutes, then
occur in N3
doesn't remember
51
schizoaffective disorder?
MDD/MANIA incongruent with psychosis
>2 weeks of psychotic SX in absence of MDD/MAnia
Mood SX are prominent and recurent
52
Pediatric migraine?
MCC of pediatric headache
| unlike adult bifrontal and have a short duration
53
what management is atypical in granulosal cell tumors?
ENdometrial biopsy
54
fecal incontinence in postpartum?
if anal sphincter function is intact consider benign(EAS relaxation)---reassurance and obs.(Pelvic exersise)
If anal sphincter fun is lost or irregularity--Do U/S and then surgery
55
cause of primary ovarian insuf.?
```
TS
FXS
Chemo
Radiotherapy
Autoimmune ophoritis
galactosemia
```
56
triads of conjenital toxo?
chorioretinitis(late infancy)
diffuze intracranial calcification
hydrocephalus
57
specific sign for eating disorder?
AN: BMI<18.5
BN: Compensatory behavior for excessive feeding
BED: Binge eating w/o compensatory behavior
58
drug for each of NR and CBT fails?
AN:Olanzepine
BN:SSRI
BED:SSRI/lixdexamphitamin/topiramet
59
common cardiac anomaly in Edward?
VSD
60
cyanosis in the neonate in the first few days?
acrocyanosis: benign usually
central: Hypoxia
61
club foot?
thallus bone deformity due to congenital/compression
| gentle manipulation/stretching and intermittent casting
62
risk for vesicovaginal fistula?
pelvic surgery
radiation
obstetric related
pelvic ca
63
Dx?
continuous clear vaginal leakage and granulating tissue
| cystoscopy/dye if PE did not diagnose it
64
postoperative pulmonary complication prevention?
```
smoking cessation 4-8 weeks prior
deep breathing exercise
pain control
incentive spirometry
treating underlying pulmonary disease
```
65
gout topi?
```
hard mass can involve
bursa
tendon
ligament
nearby joint
can erode nearby bone
```
66
gout and bursa?
acute bursitis
chronic bursitis
gout topi
67
what to do if a cataract causes visual impairment?
surgical removal and replace with artificial lenses
68
Peyronie disease managment?
normally resolve within 1-2 year
if active progressive(NSAID,Phentoxiphylin and intralesional colagenase)
surgery in refractory disease
69
moderately increased urine albumine/Cr ratio?
30-300
need ace/arb
if >300 need SGCTI
70
factorial design?
2 or more interventional groups with 2 or more variable study
71
classification of metabolic alkalosis?
1--low urine chloride(<20 meq)/saline responsive
| 2--High urine chloride(>20 meq)/saline not responsive
72
LUC cause?
vomiting
NG tube aspiration
diuretics
73
HUC cause?
1-Hypovolumic--Gitlman/bartner syndrome
| 2-Hypervolumic--PHA/PHA/Cushing and ectopic ACTH
74
a common cause of cellulitis after a puncture wound?
S.A
| Pseudomonas
75
treatment of ankylosing spondylitis?
1st: exercise
2nd: NSAID
3rd: TNF alpha inhibitor/anti-IL-17 (secukinumab)
