Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism Flashcards
1
Q
Symptoms/signs of DVT
A
Unilateral limb swelling
Persisting discomfort
Calf tenderness
(Warmth, redness - erythema)
2
Q
Symptoms/signs of PE
A
Pleuritic chest pain Dyspnoea Haemoptysis Tachycardia Pleural rub on auscultation
3
Q
Symptoms/signs of massive PE
A
Severe dyspnoea of sudden onset Collapse Blue lips and tongues = cyanosis Tachycardia Low BP Raised JVP Altered heart sounds May cause sudden death
4
Q
Risk factors for venous thrombosis
A
Statis/hypercoagubility
- Increasing age
- Immobility
- Tissue trauma
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Exogenous oestrogen: oral contraceptive/HRT
- Smoking
- Some systemic diseases: cancer
- Inheritence
5
Q
Risk of VTE in travel increased in:
A
Tall Short Overweight Women on the combined contraceptive pill Those in window seats
6
Q
Investigations of DVT
A
Clinical assessment
Blood test: D-dimer
Imaging: compression US
7
Q
Diagnosis of PE
A
Clinical assessment D-dimer Imaging - Isotope ventilation - Perfusion scan - CT pulmonary angiogram
8
Q
Prevention of VTE in hospital
A
Early mobilisation
Anti-embolism stockings
Other physical methods
Daily injections of low molecular weight heparin
9
Q
Indications for use of graduated compression stocking’s
A
Prevention of DVT Chronic venous insufficiency Varicose veins Oedema Lymphodema Prevention of post phlebeitc syndrome
10
Q
Treatment of VTE
A
Principally low molecular weight heparin for 5 or more days, then oral anticoagulant (warfarin) for at least 3 months
Thrombolysis for massive PE
(Vena caval filter)
