Deep Back

Question 1

Action of Deep Back Muscles

Answer 1

Maintain Posture
Balance
Produce Movements (flexion, extension, rotation) of back

Question 2

Places for most of the attachments

Answer 2

Transverse and spinous processes

Question 3

Intrinsic back muscles are innervated by the

Answer 3

Dorsal Primary Rami of spinal nerves

Question 4

Groups of the intrinsic back muscles

Answer 4

1. Splenius Group
2. Erector Spinae Group
3. Transverseospinalis Group
4. Suboccipital Muscles

Question 5

3 layers

Answer 5

Superficial Layer - Erector Spinae and Splenius
Intermediate Layer - Transversospinalis
Deep Layer - Semental and suboccipital

Question 6

Splenius Group

Answer 6

Bandage Like
Arise from posterior midline of back and go laterally and superiorly to insertion
Most superficial of the intrinsic muscles
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis

Question 7

Splenius Capitis

Answer 7

Broad, flat muscle of the neck
Partly covered by trap and sternocleido
Upper and larger of the two

Question 8

Splenius Capitis Origin and Insertion

Answer 8

O = LIgamentum Nuchae, spinous process of C7 - T3
I = Occipital bone, mastoid process

Question 9

Spleius Cervicis

Answer 9

Narrow, below and parallel to capitis

No fibers attach to skull

Question 10

Splenius Cervicis O and I

Answer 10

O = Spinous process of T3-T6
I = Transverse process of C2-C4

Question 11

Erector Spinae Group

Answer 11

Largest muscle mass of the back
*Chief extensor of Vertebral Column, unilaterally it flexes the head and vertebral column, bilaterally extends the head and vertebral column
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 12

Iliocostalis

Answer 12

Iliocostalis Lumborum
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Most lateral of erector spinae group

Question 13

Iliocostalis Lumborum O and I

Answer 13

O = Common tendon of erector spinae
I = angle of ribs 6-12

Question 14

Iliocostalis Thoracis O and I

Answer 14

O = Lower 6 ribs
I = Upper 6 ribs

Question 15

Iliocostalis Cervicis O and I

Answer 15

O = Ribs 3-6
I = Transverse process of C4-C6

Question 16

Longissimus

Answer 16

associated with trans. processes of vertebrae
intermediate division
lower part blends with iliocostalis lumborum
Longissimus thoracis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitis

Question 17

Longissimus thoracis O and I

Answer 17

O = part of common tendon 
I = Lower 9 ribs

Question 18

Longissimus cervicis O and I

Answer 18

O = Transverse process of T1-T5
I = Transverse process of C2-C6

Question 19

Longissimus capitits O and I

Answer 19

O = tendon of insertion of long cervicis
I = Mastoid process

Question 20

Spinalis

Answer 20

Most medial and smallest division 
Poorly developed (usually only thoracic part is present)
Spinalis Thoracis
Spinalis Cervicis
Spinalis Lumborum

Question 21

Transversospinalis Muscle Group

Answer 21

Deep to the erector spinae
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Segmental Muscles

Question 22

Semispinalis

Answer 22

Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
Muscle fibers run longitudinally
Lie superficial to the multifidus

Question 23

Spinalis thoracis O and I

Answer 23

O = Spine of T11-L2
I = Spine of T1 - T4

Question 24

Semispinalis Cervicis O and I

Answer 24

O = Transverse process of T1 -T6
I = Spine of C2 - C5

Question 25

Semispinalis Capitis O and I

Answer 25

``` O = Transverse and Articular processes of T1-T6 I = Occipital Bone ```

Question 26

Multifidus

Answer 26

Deep to semispinalis Thickest in lumbar region Sacral and Lumbar areas are covered by the erector spinae Thoracic and Cervical areas are covered by semispinalis

Question 27

Segmental Muscles

Answer 27

Deepest part of the transversospinalis group Deep to multifidus Three Sets = Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, Rotators

Question 28

Interspinalis

Answer 28

Well developed in cervical and lumbar regions Muscles are separated by interspinous ligaments C2 to T1 Lacking in thoracic region

Question 29

Intertransversarii

Answer 29

Vertically btw adjacent transverse processes Well developed in cervical and lumbar regions None in thoracic region

Question 30

Rotators

Answer 30

Single origin and single insertion Best developed in thoracic region Long and Short rotators

Question 31

Long Rotators (Longus) O and I

Answer 31

O = Transverse Processes I = Spinous processes of 2nd vertebrae above Found in lumbar, thoracic and cervical areas Skip a vertebrae

Question 32

Short Rotators (Brevis) O and I

Answer 32

O = Transverse processes I = Spinous process of vertebrae above Lumbar, thoracic, and cervical areas Attach to vertebrae above (don't skip)

Question 33

Suboccipital Muscles

Answer 33

Connects skull to atlas and axis Oblique Capitis Inferior Oblique Capitis Superior Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Nerve supply = Dorsal Ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) Greater Occipital Nerve = sensory nerve to posterior scalp - no innervation to these muscles though

Question 34

Oblique Capitis Inferior O and I

Answer 34

``` O = Spine of axis I = Transverse process of atlas ```

Question 35

Oblique Capitis Superior O and I

Answer 35

``` O = Transverse process of atlas I = Occipital bone ```

Question 36

Recuts Capitis Posterior Major O and I

Answer 36

``` O = Spine of axis I = Occipital bone ```

Question 37

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor O and I

Answer 37

``` O = Posterior tubercle of atlas I = Occipital bone ```

Question 38

Vertebral Column Movements

Answer 38

Flexion Extension Lateral Flexion (side to side) Rotation (same or opposite side)

Question 39

Flexion -

Answer 39

Anterior trunk muscles Gravity Back muscles act as antagonistic

Question 40

Extension -

Answer 40

All deep back muscles except intertransversarii | Erector Spinae is chief extensor

Question 41

Lateral Flexion -

Answer 41

Intertransversari Splenius Capitis and Cervicis rotate the head All muscles on opposite side control flexion b relaxing gradually

Question 42

Rotation -

Answer 42

Multidifidus, rotators, semispinalis - rotate to opposite side Splenius and erector spinae - to same side