Decline of Sparta & Philip of Macedon Flashcards
In what century did the political alliances shift?
4th century - warfare was common and Persia was involved
How did Sparta’s war with Persia end?
With the King’s Peace in 386 BC - Sparta will surrender Greek city-states in Asia Minor back to Persia, and the city states in mainland Greece will be able to govern themselves
Why does the Boeotian war start?
Athens and Thebes still bitter at Sparta - begins in 378 BC
What is the Battle of Leuctra?
In 371, Thebes defeats Sparta for the first time in a very long time, by thickening their phalanx in a specific place to put more pressure on Sparta’s
What is the 2nd Battle of Mantinea?
in 362 BC all the Greek city-states were basically fighting each other
What were some changes in Greek warfare that occurred?
Professionalism, mercenaries, lighter armour, synopes, peltasts
What was a synope?
It was when Greece dressed women up as men, put cooking tools on them as armour to fool the Persians that their army was larger than reality
Why did mercenaries become so popular?
Easy to hire them for war as they came from poorer areas so would do it for money
Why did professionalism increase?
Farmers/soldiers couldn’t be away from their farms for very long so this helped develop professionalism
What is the Anabasis?
A book about the campaign of Persia under Cyrus the Younger against Greece
What did Aineias the Tactician write?
A handbook about how to survive under siege in the 350s
What was a peltast?
A type of soldier named for their crescent shield, the pelta. They had some binding on the legs, no heavy metal armour to hold them down, and carried spears
Who was Iphicrates?
A mercenary general who converted his hoplites to peltasts (or peltast-like soldiers)
What was Sicily known for?
Siege warfare
Where is Macedon?
Lies to the North edges of Greece
