Athens vs Sparta: The Peloponnesian War

Question 1

What happened after the Persian wars?

Answer 1

Pan-hellenism and fear of Persians receded, cityy-states were more independent, rivalry between Sparta and Athens grew

Question 2

What did Athens create to keep Persia at bay?

Answer 2

The Delos (Delian) League in 431, and Athens was the clear leader of this league, they also fortified their walls

Question 3

What was Sparta worried about?

Answer 3

Allies and power as well as a revolt from their surfs/helots

Question 4

Who wrote about the Peloponnesian Wars?

Answer 4

Thucydides

Question 5

How many men was one Spartan warrior worth?

Answer 5

7 regular men

Question 6

Who did Athens encourage to rebel against their mother city?

Answer 6

City of Corinth

Question 7

What was the Peloponnesian League?

Answer 7

Sparta and its allies, although they didn’t speak often

Question 8

How did Sparta want to weaken Athens?

Answer 8

Ruin Attica (farmland) as they were confident their soldiers could beat the Athenian army

Question 9

What did Themistocles and Pericles advise to do?

Answer 9

Advised flocks and herds to be moved to an island and citizens should retreat within the walls of the city

Question 10

What did Athenians moving into the walls of the city cause?

Answer 10

Unhealthy crowding led to a plague in 430 BCE and Pericles died from it

Question 11

What was the Battle of Mantinea?

Answer 11

418, Sparta proved they still had a flair for hoplite fighting; Agis (King of Sparta) ordered reinforcements but was too late, and Athens pushed forward, just for Sparta to push back, and crush Athens and its allies (Argos, Elis, and Mantinea)

Question 12

Who first created cavalry?

Answer 12

Athens did before 431, but they were not used much

Question 13

Why did Sparta take so long to introduce cavalry?

Answer 13

They were more conservative in warfare so they were behind in developing cavalry but their attitudes changed later

Question 14

What was a peltast?

Answer 14

A type of warrior with javelins and spears

Question 15

What was more accepted in Greece?

Answer 15

Professional mercenaries; Corinth and Sparta hire mercenaries from Thrace and the Peloponnese

Question 16

Why was a navy expensive?

Answer 16

It needed wages for the crew, safe harbours for the fleet, and materials to build ships

Question 17

Why was Sparta never a sea power?

Answer 17

They had little money and weren’t sure if they could trust helots to power ships

Question 18

Why did Athens want to attack the city of Syracuse in Sicily?

Answer 18

Their western empire would expand and there were great resources at Syracuse

Question 19

What happened at Syracuse?

Answer 19

Longest siege of the Peloponnesian war, even if siege warfare was not as common; they tried to cut off Syracuse and their navy did well against them, but the Northern all was unfinished, so someone inform the Syracusans and 3000 left through the gap to be led by Sparta and then put the Athenians under siege

Question 20

Why did Persia step in to support Sparta?

Answer 20

They wanted the Greek city-states in Asia Minor to be under Persian power again, Sparta is like sure, but Persia was devious to Sparta and was slow in providing payment

Question 21

Who was Lysander?

Answer 21

Spartan leader and only talented Spartan naval commander

Question 22

What did Lysander do?

Answer 22

He led a naval battle against Athens at the Hellespont in 405 and prevented corn from making it to Athens after Sparta built a permanent fort in Attica, so the war came to an end