DECKS Flashcards
Amphetamines are sympathomimetic amines that cause rapid release of all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Dopamine in the brain
b. Serotonin in the brain
c. Norepinephrine in the brain
d. Acetylcholine in the brain
d. Acetylcholine in the brain❌
The following effects result from what type of pharmacological agent:
Lower blood pressure
Vasodilation
Orthostatic hypotension
a. An alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (alpha-blocker)
b. A beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (beta-blocker)
a. An alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker (alpha-blocker)
A drug that reduces the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is called a:
a. Sympathomimetic
b. Sympatholytic
c. Sympathetic amine
d. Adrenergic agent
b. Sympatholytic (Also called adrenergic blocking agent or adrenergic receptor blockers)
The following drugs belong to which pharmacologic category?
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Albuterol (Proventil; Ventolin)
Isoproterenol
a. Adrenergic agonists
b. Adrenergic antagonists
a. Adrenergic agonists
A patient experiencing dental fear will release adrenaline having all of the following effects EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Gluconeogenesis in the liver
b. Bronchial vasodilation
c. Increased cardiac rate and force of contraction
d. Increased parasympathetic tone in digestive tract
d. Increased parasympathetic tone in digestive tract❌
All of the following drugs are indirect-acting adrenergic agonists, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Tyramine
b. Amphetamine
c. Epinephrine
d. Methamphetamine
e. Hydroxyamphetamine
c. Epinephrine❌ (direct-acting)
All of the following drugs are alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Doxazosin (Cardura)
b. Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (Dibenzyline)
c. Phentolamine hydrochloride (Regitine)
d. Prazosin (Minipress)
e. Propranolol (Inderal)
f. Terazosin (Hytrin)
e. Propranolol (Inderal)❌ —beta-blocker (specifically a non-selective beta-blocker)
The heart is generally considered to have predominantly which type of adrenergic receptors?
a. Alpha 1 (a1) receptors
b. Beta 1 (B1) receptors
c. Alpha 2 (a2) receptors
d. Beta 2 (B2) receptors
b. Beta 1 (B1) receptors
Alpha adrenergic receptors are located on:
a. Vascular smooth muscle
b. Presynaptic nerve terminals
c. Blood platelets
d. Fat cells
e. Neurons in the CNS
f. All of the above
f. All of the above
All of the following neurons are cholinergic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
b. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
c. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
d. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
c. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons❌
What substance produces all of the following physiologic actions?
Constricts arteriolar blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation)
Decrease blood volume in nasal tissues
Causes a hypertensive response
Produces physiological actions opposite to that of histamine
a. Serotonin
b. Epinephrine
c. Dopamine
d. Acetylcholine
b. Epinephrine
Epinephrine is the agent of choice for treating an anaphylactic reaction because of its stimulatory effects on both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
All of the following are desirable effects of epinephrine that make it the agent of choice for treating an anaphylactic reaction.
It has vasopressor activity
It has bronchodilator properties
It causes increased cardiac output
It has a rapid onset of action
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. The first statement is true, the second is false
d. The first statement is false, the second is true
a. Both statements are true
“Epinephrine reversal” is a predictable result of the use of epinephrine in a patient who has received a/an:
a. Beta-blocker
b. Alpha-blocker
c. Adrenergic agonist
d. All of the above
b. Alpha-blocker
All of the following are selective beta blockers EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Metoprolol
b. Atenolol
c. Propranolol
d. Acebutolol
c. Propranolol❌—nonselective beta blockers
If norepinephrine or epinephrine were to stimulate or combine with the alpha receptors in the eye, which response would you expect?
a. Miosis (contraction of the pupil)
b. Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil)
c. Neither of the above; norepinephrine and epinephrine do not stimulate or combine with alpha receptors in the eye
b. Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil)
All of the following drugs are bronchodilators EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Epinephrine
b. Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
c. Albuterol (Proventil)
d. Salmeterol (Serevent)
e. Metaproterenol (Alupent)
f. Histamine
g. Aminophylline
f. Histamine❌
Pharmaceutical agents that bring about tissue responses resembling those produced by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system are called?
a. Cholinomimetic
b. Antiadrenergic
c. Parasympathomimetic
d. Sympathomimetic
d. Sympathomimetic
The medical uses of a drug having adrenergic agonist actions would include which of the following?
a. Reverse an anaphylactic reaction
b. Treat hypertension
c. Prevent angina pectoris
d. Reduce anxiety
e. All of the above
a. Reverse an anaphylactic reaction
A fear reaction activates the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system to result in:
a. Miosis
b. Bradycardia
c. Hypertension
d. Increased salivation
c. Hypertension
AIl of the following amide local anesthetics are metabolized exclusively in the liver EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. Lidocaine
b. Marcaine
c. Mepivacaine
d. Articaine
d. Articaine❌ can be metabolized in the blood
Allergic reactions are more prevalent in which type of local anesthetics?
a. Amide anesthetics
b. Ester anesthetics
b. Ester anesthetics
Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of local anesthetics on the nerve axon?
a. Decreases sodium uptake through sodium channels of the axon
b. Increases potassium outflow from inside to outside the nerve
c. Increases the membrane’s permeability to sodium
d. Increases the excitability of the nerve axon
a. Decreases sodium uptake through sodium channels of the axon
A patient presents to your office with an acute apical abscess on #27 requiring immediate extraction. However, the pH of the tissue has decreased to 5.9 due to the bacterial infection. You realize that achieving local anesthesia will be difficult because:
a. The pKa of lidocaine is lower than the pH of the tissue
b. Most of the lidocaine will be in a free-base form
c. Most of the lidocaine will penetrate the nerve sheath
d. The majority of the lidocaine will have a positive charge
d. The majority of the lidocaine will have a positive charge
The following are sedatives often used in the management of anxious pediatric dental patients EXCEPT 2. These are:
a. Midazolam
b. Diazepam
c. Hydroxyzine
d. Pentobarbital
e. Secobarbital
f. Chloral hydrate
g. Meperidine
d. Pentobarbital❌
e. Secobarbital❌