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Psyc 345 > deck_7229597 > Flashcards

deck_7229597 Flashcards

1
Q

Attitude

A

Person’s evaluation of target in good/bad scale

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2
Q

ABC of attitude

A

Affective - feelingsCognitive - beliefsBehavioural - actions

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3
Q

Mixed attitudes

A

Attitudes in conflict across elements/within elements

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4
Q

Affectively based attitudes

A

Based on feelings/emotion - often contraversial - not based on logic or rational examination - linked to VALUES

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5
Q

Cognitively based attitudes

A

Based on beliefs about target - often on utilitarian (printer, vacuum cleaner) - in a relationship, would be pros/cons list

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6
Q

Behaviourally based attitudes

A

Based on behaviour toward target - i am fiscally responsible, therefore I must be conservative

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7
Q

Attitudes do not predict behaviour UNLESS

A

The attitude is strongly held

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8
Q

Attitudes are inconsistent with behaviour WHEN

A

Lack of control due to:external threat lack of alternativesbio needs/addictionlack of timeAttitude behaviour match:measuring at same level of specificity- ie: won’t date a smoker, then fall in love with one and feel other things offset

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9
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

Degree to which cognitions are linked in our minds

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10
Q

Consonant dissonance

A

Consistant/compatible cognitions (feel good)

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11
Q

Dissonant cognitions

A

Beliefs that are inconsistent or logically discrrepant (feel bad)

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12
Q

How to reduce dissonance

A
  1. Change of of the dissonant cognitions. Belief usually easier than behaviour.2. Add consonant cogition. Justify behaviour.3. Reduce importance of dissonant/increase importance of consonant.
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13
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

Persuasion from someone else

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14
Q

Central route elaboration

A

Careful analysis of info - effectiveness is based on strength of argument. Most enduring - causes you to change an opinion, think deeply.

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15
Q

Peripheral Route elaboration

A

Non cognitive, message is attractive (visually appealing, celebrity endorsement)eg: dr oz 3 day detox

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16
Q

When does central route persuasion occur/work?

A

When person is motivated and able:- personal relevance- lack of complexityeg: smoking ad ‘stealing a womans beauty”

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17
Q

Fear Appeals

A

Persuasion techniqueThreat of danger/harmWorks when threat is - severe consequence, susceptible personally, effective, capable to change

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18
Q

What is the most effective fear appeal form?

A

Narrative

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19
Q

What is the danger with a fear appeal?

A

Too severe, can backfire.

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20
Q

Dissonance arousal in different cultures

A

When culturally valued self view is contradicted by behaviour, there is dissonance.

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21
Q

Persuasion in different cultures

A

When attempting to persuade, messaging needs to match cultural values.

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22
Q

conformity

A

influence of others on self, behaviour consistent with group norms

23
Q

2 forms of conformity

A

informational social: seek rulesnormative consequence: afraid to break norms

24
Q

Normed informational social

A

Informational social - have conformed to group even if don’t believe

25
Q

When will people norm

A
  1. situation ambiguous2.crisis3.others are expert
26
Q

Normative Social consequence

A

Need others to like/accept us

27
Q

When will people conform to normative social consequence

A

1.group is important to us2.immed/close group3.size (2-4ppl)

28
Q

Compliance

A

Change requested by another

29
Q

Foot in Door

A

Small favour to large.Want consistency, self motivated

30
Q

Door in face

A

Refuse large, give in to smaller.Guilt, framing (second option looks better)

31
Q

Reciprocity

A

Small gift first to get.Payment of debt.

32
Q

Low ball

A

Commit, then cost increased.Commitment, consistency

33
Q

Scarcity

A

1 time offerScarce is valuable, urgency

34
Q

Obedience

A

Change ORDERED by another

35
Q

Obedience Compliance Conformity

A

Ordered change Requested change Caused change

36
Q

Norm of obedience to authority

A

Authority valued in every cultureSocialized from childhood (police, fireman)

37
Q

When do people norm to authority, perform obedience?

A

Feel responsible for selfothers disobeyauthority questionedpower

38
Q

Upside to ostracizism (exercise)

A

When someone is ostracized, pulls the remainder of the group tighter, better for group overall. A common enemy gathers people.

39
Q

Effects of others on us in groups: social facilitation

A

We do better on simple tasks/worse on complex when in group

WHY? Mild arousal: makes us alert, apprehensive, distracts us

40
Q

Effects of other on us in groups: social loafing

A

Better on complex when efforts are pooled, worse on simply. WHY? exert less effort,

41
Q

Deindividuation

A

loss of identity, can increase social deviance (Vancouver)

42
Q

Power of role

A

Milgram studies

43
Q

2 impacts on group decision making

A

groupthink

group polarization

44
Q

groupthink

A

Self feeding group

45
Q

group polarization

A

decisions get ramped up, becomes about the group

through persuasive argument, social comparison, social categorization

46
Q

social dilemma

A
  • best for group vs best for self

- tit for tat

47
Q

Effect of threats on groups

A

weakens both

48
Q

what is the single biggest factor in interpersonal attraction

A

familiarity

49
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

often around, only works when like initially

50
Q

proximity

A

drawn to people we interact with

51
Q

beauty is:

A

symmetrical
average composite
waist/hip ratio
healthy face/body

52
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

become involved with someone equally attractive (not better or worse)

53
Q

Similarity in interpersonal relationships

A

we like those like us. Reassures our self worth/validation

54
Q

Reciprocity in interpersonal relationships

A

we like people who like us! Positive feedback

Psyc 345 (4 decks)

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