deck_4545410 (1) Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 ways to flash the BIOS?
A
1) Run update program in the OS. 2) USB flash drive through the BIOS. 3) Use bootable CD
2
Q
What program in BIOS allows settings to be changed?
A
BIOS setup or CMOS setup
3
Q
What is the UEFI?
A
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. An interface between the motherboard firmware and the OS. It hands the boot over to the OS and loads essential device drivers and applications.
4
Q
What is the Host Clock Frequency?
A
The basic system clock provided by the chipset that other components synchronize their activities to.
5
Q
What loads up drivers and programs that the OS needs to run?
A
The UEFI
6
Q
What do the components in the computer match their frequency to?
A
The Host Clock Frequency
7
Q
What are the 4 choices for BIOS security?
A
No access. View only. Limited. Full access.
8
Q
What is drive encryption?
A
This sets a password for a hard drive that is needed to access any data on it. Still works if moved to another computer.
9
Q
What is a TPM chip?
A
Trusted Platform Module. A chip on the motherboard that stores the password for the encrypted drive so it only works with one motherboard.
10
Q
What is the name of the chip on some motherboards that encrypts a hard drive so it can only be accessed on that computer?
A
The TPM chip. Trusted Platform Module.
11
Q
What does ISO stand for?
A
International Organization for Standardization.
12
Q
What is a system clock?
A
A line on a bus dedicated to timing components connected to it.
13
Q
How large can ATX motherboards be?
A
Up to 12” x 9.6”
14
Q
How large can MicroATX motherboards be?
A
Up to 9.6” x 9.6”
15
Q
How large can ITX motherboards be?
A
Up to 6.7” x 6.7”
16
Q
What bus type do PCI cards use?
A
Local I/O
17
Q
What size data path do PCI cards use?
A
Parallel 32-bit or Parallel 64-bit
18
Q
How many address lines do PCI cards have?
A
32 or 64
19
Q
What frequencies do PCI cards come in?
A
33 MHz and 66MHz
20
Q
What kind of throughput do PCI cards offer?
A
133, 266, and 532 MBps
21
Q
What are the 4 types of PCI slots?
A
3.3V 32-bit, 5V 32-bit, 3.3V 64-bit, 5V 64bit
22
Q
What voltages do PCI cards come in?
A
3.3V and 5V
23
Q
What are the 6 types of PCI card configurations?
A
3.3V 32-bit, 5V 32-bit, Universal 32-bit, 3.3V 64-bit, 5V 64bit, and Universal 64-bit
24
Q
What bus type do PCI-X cards use?
A
Local I/O
25
What size data path do PCI-X cards use?
Parallel 32-bit or Parallel 64-bit
26
How many address lines do PCI-X cards have?
32 or 64
27
What frequencies do PCI-X cards come in?
266 MHz or 533 MHz
28
What kind of throughput do PCI-X cards offer?
Up to 8.5 Gbps
29
What are PCI-X cards primarily used for?
Servers
30
What voltages do PCI-X cards come in?
3.3V and 5V
31
What are the 2 types of PCI-X slots?
3.3V and 5V
32
What are the 3 types of PCI-X card configurations?
3.3V, 5V, and Universal
33
What bus type do PCIe cards use?
Local video and local I/O
34
What size data path do PCIe cards use?
Serial up to 32 lanes
35
How many address lines do PCIe cards have?
Up to 32 lanes
36
What frequencies do PCIe cards come in?
2.5 GHz
37
What kind of throughput do PCIe cards offer?
Up to 500 MBps per lane in each direction
38
If a PCIe slot is meant for a video card, what does it connect to?
The North Bridge or the processor
39
How many slot sizes do PCIe cards come in?
Four
40
What are the 4 types of PCIe slots?
PCIe x1, PCIe x4, PCIe x8, PCIe x 16
41
What bus type do AGP cards use?
Local video
42
What size data path do AGP cards use?
32 bits
43
How many address lines do AGP cards have?
N/A
44
What frequencies do AGP cards come in?
66 MHz, 75 MHz, 100 MHz
45
What kind of throughput do AGP cards offer?
266 MBps to 2.1 MBps
46
What are the four major releases of AGP?
AGP 1.0, AGP 2.0, AGP 3.0, AGP Pro
47
What are the four different speeds AGP comes in?
1x @ 266 MBps, 2x @ 533 MBps, 4x @ 1.06 Gbps, 8x @ 2.12 Gbps
48
What are the three voltages AGP comes in?
0.8V, 1.5V, 3.3V
49
What are the six different slots AGP comes in?
AGP 3.3V, AGP 1.5V, AGP Universal, AGP Pro 3.3V, AGP Pro 1.5V, AGP Pro Universal
50
What RAM variants can use dual channels?
DDR, DDR2, and DDR3
51
What RAM variants can use triple channels?
DDR3
52
What RAM variants can use quad channels?
DDR3
53
Which AMD socket is the only one to use an LGA socket?
Socket F
54
What families of processors use the LGA2011 socket?
Second Generation (Sandy Bridge) Core i7 Extreme, Core i7, Core i5, Core i3, Pentium, and Celeron
55
What families of processors use the LGA1155 socket?
Ivy Bridge Celeron, Pentium, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7; Sandy Bridge Core i3, Core i5, Core i7
56
What families of processors use the LGA1366 socket?
Core i7, Core i7 Extreme
57
What families of processors use the LGA1156 socket?
Core i7, Core i5, Core i3, Pentium, and Celeron
58
What families of processors use the LGA775 socket?
Core 2 extreme, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual-Core, Pentium Extreme Edition, Pentium 4, and Celeron
59
What RAM variants do LGA 1155 CPUs work with?
DDR3
60
What RAM variants do LGA 1366 CPUs work with?
DDR3
61
What RAM variants do LGA 1156 CPUs work with?
DDR3
62
What RAM variants do LGA 775 CPUs work with?
DDR2 and DDR3
63
How many pins in Socket FM2 processors?
904
64
How many pins in Socket FM1 processors?
905
65
How many pins in Socket AM3+ processors?
942
66
How many pins in Socket AM3 processors?
941
67
How many pins in Socket AM2+ processors?
940
68
How many pins in Socket F processors?
None! Socket F is a LGA socket. I has 1207 lands
69
How many pins in Socket AM2 processors?
940
70
How many pins in Socket 940 processors?
940
71
What families of processors use Socket FM2?
Trinity line of processors
72
What families of processors use Socket FM1?
AMD A4, AMD A6, AMD A8, AMD E2, Athlon II
73
What families of processors use Socket AM3+?
AMD FX
74
What families of processors use Socket AM3?
Phenom II
75
What families of processors use Socket AM2+?
Phenom II, Phenom, Athlon
76
What families of processors use Socket F?
Opteron, Athlon 64 FX
77
What families of processors use Socket AM2?
Athlon 64, Athlon, Phenom, Sempron, Second Generation Opteron
78
What families of processors use Socket 940?
Athlon
79
What RAM variants do Socket FM2 CPUs work with?
DDR3
80
What RAM variants do Socket FM1 CPUs work with?
DDR3
81
What RAM variants do Socket AM3+ CPUs work with?
DDR3
82
What RAM variants do Socket AM3 CPUs work with?
DDR3 and DDR2
83
What RAM variants do Socket AM2+ CPUs work with?
DDR2
84
What types of setups are Socket F CPUs used for?
Workstations and servers
85
What RAM variants do Socket AM2 CPUs work with?
DDR2
86
What RAM variants do Socket 940 CPUs work with?
DDR
87
What is the BSB?
The back side bus. It's the connection between the CPU and its internal cache memory.
88
What is a DMI?
The direct media interface. This connects the CPU to the memory controller and graphics in newer chipsets in place of the FSB.
89
What is the GMCH?
The Graphics Memory Controller.
90
What is data path size?
The width of a data bus, usually powers of two, such as 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
91
What are the three variations of P1 power connector?
20-pin, 24-pin, 20+4-pin
92
What are 20-pin P1 connectors used for?
Early ATX systems.
93
What are 24-pin P1 connectors used for?
Most motherboards today.
94
How many pins in a P4 connector?
4
95
How many pins in a P8 connector?
8
96
What is the P4 connector used for?
Providing extra 12V power to the processor
97
What is the P8 connector used for?
Providing extra 12V power to the processor, more than the P4 does.
98
How many pins in a molex connector?
4
99
What are Molex connectors used for?
IDE (PATA) drives
100
What voltages do Molex connectors provide?
(+)5V and (+)12V
101
How many pins in an SATA power connector?
15
102
What voltages do SATA power connectors provide?
(+)3.3V, (+)5V, and (+)12V
103
What type of power connector do floppy drives use?
A 4-pin Berg connector.
104
What kind of voltages do the Berg connectors for floppy drives provide?
(+)5V and (+)12V
105
What type of power connector do PCIe version 1 cards use?
6-pin (+)12V
106
What type of power connector do PCIe version 2 cards use?
8-pin (+)12V
107
How many pins in a fan header?
3 or 4
108
How many holes in a fan connector?
3 or 4
109
What happens if you place a 3-hole fan connector on a 4-pin fan header?
It works, but the fan will always operate at the same speed.
110
What's the difference between a 4-pin fan header and a 3-pin fan header?
4-pin headers support fan speed modulation. Helps reduce system noise.
111
What can you do if you suspect a power connector is faulty?
Remove the connection and connect the two pins with a flat-head screwdriver. This simulates pressing the button.
112
What is a BGA?
Ball Grid Array. A processor connection that is soldered to the motherboard.
113
What is a data path size?
The number of lines on abus that can hold data. Usually powers of 2 (8, 16, 32, 64 etc.) but some that use other numbers generally have additional lines for ECC.
114
What is the data path size of the FSB?
64-bits
115
What are some other terms for FSB?
System bus and host bus.
116
What is a riser card?
It's an expansion card that allows for more expansion cards to be mounted parallel to the motherboard.
117
What is a trace?
It's a wire on a circuit board that connects two components or devices.
118
How many pins in a DDR3 DIMM?
240
119
How many channels do DDR3 DIMMs support?
single, dual, triple, and quad
120
How many pins in a DDR2 DIMM?
240
121
How many channels do DDR2 DIMMs support?
Single and dual
122
Where might you find SDRAM?
Almost all DRAM is SDRAM. It's usually just noted as DRAM though so it isn't confused with SRAM.
123
Where might you find SRAM?
In processor memory caches.
124
How many pins in a DDR DIMM?
184
125
How many pins on a non-DDR SDRAM DIMM?
168
126
How many channels do DDR DIMMs support?
Just single.
127
How many pins does a RIMM have?
184
128
What is the best way to identify a RIMM?
The metal plate covering it.
129
What process does DDR RAM use that allows double the speed of SDRAM?
Double pumping. It uses the leading and trailing edge of the system clock.
130
Why do they call it a DIMM?
Dual Inline Memory Module. It has independent pins on opposite sides of the module.
131
How many pins in a DDR SODIMM module?
200
132
How many pins in a DDR2 SODIMM module?
144 or 200
133
How many pins in a DDR3 SODIMM module?
204
134
What technology did older SIMMs use to check for errors?
Parity. A ninth bit was stored for every other eight.
135
What happens when a parity error is detected?
It causes the system to halt.
136
What does it mean if "Parity error 1" is displayed on the screen?
There has been a parity error detected on the motherboard.
137
What does it mean if "Parity error 2" is displayed on the screen?
There has been a parity error detected on an expansion card.
138
What technology do current SIMMs use to check for errors?
ECC
139
What advantages do ECC have over Parity?
ECC detects any time even a single bit is incorrect, then fixes the error on-the-fly.
140
What disadvantages does ECC RAM have compared to non-ECC ram?
ECC RAM is always slower.
141
What is required to use ECC RAM?
A specialized motherboard with a specialized MCC (Memory Chip Controller)
142
What is a bank?
Slots on a motherboard designed to hold pairs (or more) of DIMMs for dual (or more) channels.
143
What is a channel?
For dual channel motherboards, each channel represents a seperate 64-bit communication path.
144
Which slots are paired into banks on AMD cards?
Slot 1 and Slot 2; Slot 3 and Slot 4.
145
Which slots are paired into channels on AMD cards?
Slot 1 and Slot 3; Slot 2 and Slot 4.
146
Which slots are paired into banks on AMD cards?
Slot 1 and Slot 3; Slot 2 and Slot 4.
147
Which slots are paired into channels on AMD cards?
Slot 1 and Slot 2; Slot 3 and Slot 4.
148
For triple-channel DIMMs, which slots are bank 0?
Slot 1, Slot 3, and Slot 5.
149
For triple-channel DIMMs, which slots are bank 1?
Slot 2, Slot 4, and Slot 6.
150
For triple-channel DIMMs, which slots are channel 1?
Slot 1 and Slot 2.
151
For triple-channel DIMMs, which slots are channel 2?
Slot 3 and Slot 4.
152
For triple-channel DIMMs, which slots are channel 3?
Slot 5 and Slot 6.
153
What is different about double-sided RAM compared to single.
The RAM is separated into two groups known as ranks, and the system can only access one rank at a time. Quad-sided rank exists as well. The less ranks, the faster the RAM.
154
What does the number on RAM names stand for?
It's a rounded version of the number of megabytes it can transfer in a second.
155
Where is the notch in a DDR DIMM?
Right of the center
156
Where is the notch in a DDR2 DIMM?
Barely right of the center
157
Where is the notch in a DDR3 DIMM?
Left of the center
158
How many times can CD-RW and DVD-RW be rewritten?
Up to 1,000 times.
159
What is unique about BD-R?
Data can be rewritten to it but not erased.
160
What is unique about BD-RE?
It is rewritable and erasable.
161
How many devices can a single USB port support?
127
162
How much power does a bus-powered USB port provide?
100mA
163
How much power does a self-powered USB port provide?
500mA, unless it's USB 3.0. In which case, 900mA
164
How much power can a firewire cable provide?
1.5A
165
Does SATA support hot-swapping?
Only if configured for AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface) mode.
166
When can ethernet connections be used for storage?
When connected to a NAS (Network Attached Storage) device
167
How many pins does a SATA data connector use?
7-pin
168
How many pins does a SATA power connector use?
15-pin
169
What are the two modes SATA drives can be set to?
AHCI and IDE
170
What is the result if a SATA drive is set to IDE mode?
It emulates a PATA drive.
171
What can you do with an SATA drive set to AHCI mode?
You can hot swap them and they support Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
172
What is Native Command Queuing?
This allows data on drives to be prioritized so that more commonly accessed data loads faster.
173
What does AHCI stand for?
Advanced Host Control Protocol
174
How many drives can a PATA interface accommodate?
2. Primary and Secondary
175
Which does the blue connector on a PATA data cable connect to?
The motherboard
176
Which does the black connector on a PATA data cable connect to?
The primary drive
177
Which does the gray connector on a PATA data cable connect to?
The secondary drive
178
What are the 3 jumper settings for PATA cables?
Master, Slave, and Cable Select
179
How many devices does narrow SCSI support?
7
180
How many devices does wide SCSI support?
15
181
How are device Ids set for SCSI devices?
By a group of jumpers or DIP (dual in-line package) switches
182
What is the standard SCSI connector?
There is none! They vary widely.
183
What range of speeds do SCSI devices operate in?
10MBps - 320MBps
184
What is required for a daisy chain of SCSI devices to function?
Each end must be terminated.
185
How large are the sectors that magnetic hard drive platters are divided into?
512 bytes
186
Do external magnetic drives need AC power?
3.5" drives do. 2.5" drives can be bus powered.
187
Do magnetic drives have cache memory?
Yes, generally several megabytes worth for freuently accessed data.
188
What are xD flash drives used for?
Older FujiFilm and Olympus cameras
189
What are the two varieties of SSDs?
MLC (Multi Level Cell) and SLC (Single Level Cell)
190
Which is faster, MLC or SLC SSDs?
SLC, but it's much rarer and more expensive
191
What is RAID 0?
Two drives treated as a single drive, with both drives storing different portions of the same file. This is known as striping. Boosts performance of read/write speeds.
192
What is RAID 1?
Two drives that perfectly mirror one another. Boosts only read performance and is backed up if a drive fails.
193
What is RAID 5?
At least three drives. One may fail without loss of data. Very fast read speeds, decent write speeds. Replacing a failed drive may take a very long time.
194
What is RAID 10?
At least four drives. Combines RAID 0 and RAID 1.
195
What is striping?
Multiple drives storing different parts of the same file in a RAID array to boost speed of read/write operations. Replacing a failed drive is quite fast.
196
Which RAID array is ideal for boosted read/write performance?
RAID 0
197
Does RAID 1 boost performance?
It boosts read performance only.
198
For a floppy drive, how do you tell which is drive A: and drive B:?
If the drive is connected after the twist in the data cable, it's drive A:. If it's connected before (mid-cable), it's drive B:.
199
What is hyperthreading?
The emulation of multiple cores.
200
What speeds do PATA/IDE drives come in?
100 MBps - 133 MBps
201
What are some other names for Serial connections?
COM ports or RS-232
202
What connectors do serial conections use?
DB-9M, DB-25M
203
What are some other names for Parallel connections?
LPT, Line Printer
204
What connector do Parallel connections use?
DB-25F
205
What type of connectors do VGA connections use?
DB-15
206
What are the four types of HDMI connectors?
A, B, C, and D
207
Where might you find HDMI type A connectors?
Everywhere.
208
Where might you find HDMI type B connectors?
You won't.
209
What's another term for HDMI type C connectors?
Mini HDMI
210
What's another term for HDMI type D connectors?
Micro HDMI
211
What is another term for 1/8 inch (3.5mm) audio mini-jack connectors?
TRS (Tip Ring Sleeve) connectors
212
What is the pink TRS connection for?
Microphone in
213
What is the light blue TRS connection for?
Line in
214
What is the lime green TRS connection for?
Stereo/Headphone out
215
What is the brown TRS connection for?
Left-to-right speaker
216
What is the orange TRS connection for?
Subwoofer
217
What varieties do SPDIF connections come in?
Optical and coaxial
218
What is a primary disadvantage of analog signals?
More suscetible to noise and they denegrate as they travel through the cable.
219
How fast is Bluetooth 1.2?
1MBps
220
How fast is Bluetooth 2.0?
3MBps
221
How far does class 1 bluetooth transmit?
100 meters
222
How powerful is class 1 bluetooth's frequency?
100 mW
223
How far does class 2 bluetooth transmit?
10 meters
224
How powerful is class 2 bluetooth's frequency?
2.5 mW
225
How far does class 3 bluetooth transmit?
1 meter
226
How powerful is class 3 bluetooth's frequency?
1 mW
227
What kinds of connections are RF connections?
Bluetooth and wi-fi
228
What range of speeds do RF connections provide?
1Mbps to 600Mbps
229
What voltages do slimline SATA power connectors provide?
5V
230
What voltages do Molex connectors provide?
5V and 12V
231
What voltages do 4/8-pin connectors provide?
12v
232
What voltages do 6/8 connectors provide?
12v
233
What voltages do 20-pin P1 connectors provide?
3.3V, 5V, 12V
234
What voltages do 24-pin P1 connectors provide?
3.3V, 5V, 12V
235
What voltages do 4-pin Berg connectors provide?
5V, 12V
236
What kind of computer would a 220 watt rated power supply be good for?
A slimline desktop
237
What kind of computer would a 400 watt rated power supply be good for?
Standard tower
238
What kind of computer would a 750watt rated power supply be good for?
Full tower with SLI graphics
239
What is a way to determine the wattage of attached components in a computer?
Multiply their amperage by their voltage then add them all up.
240
Which dimensions of ATX power supplies are fixed?
Highth and Width, but not depth
241
How many volts does commercial power in the U.S, provide?
115VAC
242
If not 115VAC, what voltage would a power supply be designed for?
230VAC
243
What is the most important factor in an audio workstation?
A large, fast, hard drive.
244
How fast must a processor be to run Windows 7?
1 GHz
245
How much RAM is required to run 32-bit Windows 7?
1 GB
246
How much RAM is required to run 64-bit Windows 7?
2 GB
247
How much Hard Disk space is required to run 32-bit Windows 7?
16 GB
248
How much Hard Disk space is required to run 64-bit Windows 7?
20 GB
249
What is WDDM?
Windows Display Driver Model. The graphic driver architecture for video card drivers running Microsoft Windows versions beginning with Windows Vista.
250
What is required of a graphics card to run Windows 7?
It must be compatible with DirectX 9 and have WDDM 1.0.
251
What type of backlight does an LCD screen use?
Cold Cathode Flouescent Lamp (CCFL)
252
What are some downsides to Plasma screens?
They draw more power than LCD and LED screens and are more prone to burn in.
253
How high must a refresh rate be in order to avoid flickering on CRT screens?
72Hz
254
What is the resolution for VGA?
640 x 480
255
What is the resolution for SVGA?
800 x 600
256
What is the resolution for XGA?
1024 x 768
257
What is the resolution for EVGA?
1024 x 768
258
What is the resolution for SXGA?
1280 x 1024
259
What is the resolution for UXGA?
1600 x 1200
260
What is the resolution for WUXGA?
1920 x 1200
261
What is the resolution for HDMI 1080?
1920 x 1080
262
What is the resolution for HDMI 720?
1280 x 720
263
If a CRT monitior is quite dim, regardless of the brightness setting, what might be the cause?
It's old.
264
What is the brightness of a projector called?
Lumens
265
What form do analog signals come in?
A modulated sine wave
266
Why might younot want to keep converting signals between digital and analog?
It wastes processing power.
267
Besides a video signal, what else can Displayport carry?
Audio and USB data
268
What is the pin arrangement in a DB-15 connector?
3 rows of pins carrying analog video
269
What is a DB-15 connector used for?
VGA
270
What is a BNC connector used for?
Coaxial cables carrying analog signals.
271
Can a RJ-45 connector be used for a display>
Yes, but it is rare.
272
Can a RJ-11 connector be used for a display>
Nope.
273
What kind of signals do component signals send?
Analog video signals.
274
How are component cables identified?
YPBPR
275
What is YPBPR btoken down by cable?
Y is green, PB is blue, PR is red
276
What kind of jack do composite cables use?
RCA jacks
277
What kind of signals do component cables carry?
Analog audio or video, but usually audio
278
What kind of jack do S-video cables use?
4-pin DIN connector
279
What kind of signals do S-video cables carry?
Analog video signals.
280
What kind of jack do RGB cables use?
RCA jacks
281
What kind of signals do RGB cables carry?
Analog video signals.
282
What are the two types of connectors used for composite cables?
Twist-on BNC or screw-on F-type
283
What interface do PATA drives use?
Either Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) or Enhanced IDE (EIDE)
284
What is the only difference between IDE and EIDE?
EIDE may have better performance.
285
Where does the red stripe on a PATA go?
It goes to pin-1 on the connector
286
Where does the red stripe on a floppy drive go?
It goes to pin-1 on the connector
287
How many pins does a floppy drive cable have?
34
288
What kind of cable is used with Firewire 400?
Either a 4-pin connector or a 6-pin connector
289
What is the difference between the 4-pin and 6-pin Firewire 400 cable?
The 6-pin provides power.
290
What kind of cable is used with Firewire 800?
A 9-pin connector
291
What does SCSI stand for?
Small Computer System Interface
292
What kind of connector is PS/2?
A round mini-DIN connector
293
What types of sound systems use RCA connectors?
High-end sound systems
294
What is one of the benefits of SATA cables form factor?
They're flat and thin, allowing better airflow
295
What is another term for SCSI-1?
narrow SCSI
296
What is another term for SCSI-2?
fast SCSI
297
What is another term for SCSI-3?
Ultra SCSI
298
What type of cables do SCSI-1 use?
Just 50-pin cables
299
What type of cables do SCSI-2 use?
25-pin, 50-pin, and 68-pin cables
300
What type of cables do SCSI-3 use?
50-pin, 68-pin, and 80-pin cables
301
What kind of connectors do Parallel cables use?
They use a DB-25 connector to connect to the computer, and a Centronics connector to connect to the printer.
302
What color is the PS/2 port for a mouse?
Green
303
What color is the PS/2 port for a keyboard?
Purple
304
What is needed to connect a touch screen?
In addition to video and power cables, a USB cable is needed.
305
What are joysticks plugged into?
A two row DB-15 port included on sound cards.
306
What does POTS stand for?
Plain Old Telephone System
307
What are the 3 connectors fiber cables use?
SC, ST, and LC
308
What does an SC connector look like?
It's square
309
What does an ST connector look like?
It's round with a straight tip
310
What does an LC connector look like?
It's a miniature SC connector
311
What does an SC stand for in an SC connector?
Square Connector
312
What does an ST stand for in an ST connector?
Straight Tip
313
What does an LC stand for in an LC connector?
Lucent Connector
314
In twisted pair, what is the blue wire paired with?
White wire with a blue stripe
315
In twisted pair, what is the orange wire paired with?
White wire with a orange stripe
316
In twisted pair, what is the green wire paired with?
White wire with a green stripe
317
In twisted pair, what is the brown wire paired with?
White wire with a brown stripe
318
With fiber, what are some limiting factors for bandwidth?
The further the signal is carried, the less bandwidth is possible
319
What are the two standards that twisted pairs come in?
T568A and T568B
320
Which is more common between T568A and T568B?
T568B
321
What is a downside of fiber compared to twisted pair or coaxial?
It is more expensive and harder to work with
322
What is a benefit of fiber cables over twisted pair?
Not susceptible to EMI or RFI
323
What does EMI stand for?
Electromagnetic interference
324
What does RMI stand for?
Radio frequency interference
325
Whats a common source of EMI?
Electric power cables and flourescent light fixtures.
326
What a common source of RFI?
Anything that uses radio signals. And microwave ovens.
327
What are the two modes fiber cables come in?
Single-mode fiber (SMF) and multi-mode fiber (MMF)
328
How far can data travel on SMF fibers without a repeater?
Up to 40 Km
329
How far can data travel on MMF fibers without a repeater?
Up to 2 Km
330
How do STP cables handle EMI and RFI?
They provide some protection, but not as much as fiber cables.
331
How do UTP cables handle EMI and RFI?
Quite poorly. They are highly susceptible.
332
How fast are CAT3 twisted pair cables?
10 Mbps
333
How fast are CAT5 twisted pair cables?
100 Mbps
334
How fast are CAT5e twisted pair cables?
1 Gbps
335
How fast are CAT6 twisted pair cables?
10 Gbps
336
What are the two types of coaxial cable used?
RG-6 and RG-59
337
Do RG-6 coaxial cables support digital or analog data?
Both
338
Do RG-59 coaxial cables support digital or analog data?
Both
339
Which coaxial cable type is used for digital cable distribution?
RG-6
340
What connector type is most popular for RG-6 coaxial cables?
F-type screw-on
341
What connector type is most popular for RG-6 coaxial cables?
BNC twist-on
342
How many coaxial cables are needed to provide a home with both Tv and internet access?
One, but a splitter is used in the home.
343
Why isn't RG-59 used in to distribute cable television?
It is susceptible to high-frequency losses.
344
Which number in an IPv4 address signifies the IP class?
The first number
345
What range signifies a Class A IP address?
1 to 126
346
What range signifies a Class B IP address?
128 to 191
347
What range signifies a Class C IP address?
192 to 223
348
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 120?
Class A
349
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 190?
Class B
350
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 128?
Class B
351
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 220?
Class C
352
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 124?
Class A
353
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 126?
Class A
354
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 194?
Class C
355
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 188?
Class B
356
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 123?
Class A
357
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 130?
Class B
358
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 121?
Class A
359
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 222?
Class C
360
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 131?
Class B
361
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 127?
None! It's a loopback adress
362
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 199?
Class C
363
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 187?
Class B
364
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 119?
Class A
365
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 134?
Class B
366
What class is an IPv4 address in if the first number is 196?
Class C
367
Can IPv6 omit leading zeros or trailing zeros?
Leading
368
What is the loopback address for IPv4?
127.0.0.1
369
What is the loopback address for IPv6?
::1
370
What is the subnet mask for class A IPv4 addresses?
255.0.0.0
371
What is the subnet mask for class B IPv4 addresses?
255.255.0.0
372
What is the subnet mask for class C IPv4 addresses?
255.255.255.0
373
What range are Class A IPv4 Private addresses found in?
10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
374
What range are Class B IPv4 Private addresses found in?
172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255
375
What range are Class C IPv4 Private addresses found in?
192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
376
What do all APIPA addresses start with?
169.254
377
What does APIPA stand for?
Automatic Private IP Addressing
378
What are APIPA addresses?
Randomly selected private addresses that are assigned only when a DHCP client does not get a reply from a DHCP server from an IP address.
379
What happens if a device assigns an IP address that has already been assigned?
The device won't be able to communicate with the network.
380
Where does DHCP run from?
On larger networks, it runs from a DHCP server. On SOHO networks, routers often include DHCP.
381
What types of information does DHCP assign?
IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS server addresses.
382
What does the subnet mask determine?
It determines which part of the IP address is the network ID and which is the host ID.
383
How does a subnet mask show which part of an IP address is the host ID and which is the network ID?
If a bit in the binary version of the subnet mask is a 0, then the corresponding bit on the IP address is host ID. If it's a 1, then it's the network ID.
384
What is a default gateway?
It's a IP address on a router that provides a path out of the network
385
What ports do FTP use?
21 an 20
386
What port does TELNET use?
23
387
What is TELNET used for?
Used for connecting to remote servers
388
What port does SMTP use?
25
389
What is SMTP used for?
Sending e-mail
390
What port does DNS use?
53
391
What port does HTTP use?
80
392
What port does POP3 use?
110
393
What is POP3 used for?
Recieving e-mail
394
What port does IMAP use?
143
395
What is IMAP used for?
Recieving e-mail
396
What port does HTTPS use?
443
397
What port does RDP use?
3389
398
What does RDP stand for?
Remote desk protocol
399
What is RDP used for?
Provides a graphical user interface to connect to another computer on the network
400
What is DNS protocol used for?
It resolves user-friendly names to their IP addresses.
401
What is LDAP used for?
It's used to interact with Directory/Database services such as in microsoft domains.
402
SNMP
Used to communicate with and manage network devices such as switches and routers.
403
What does SNMP stand for?
Simple Network Management Protocol
404
What is SMB used for?
It's used to transfer files over a network in a Microsoft network
405
What does SMB stand for?
Server Message Block
406
What is SSH used for?
It's used to encrypt some types of traffic such as SFTP.
407
What does SSH stand for?
Secure shell.
408
What is SFTP used for?
It's used to transfer large files securely.
409
What does SFTP stand for?
SSH File Transfer Protocol
410
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP guarantees and confirms delivery, UDP does neither.
411
What does TCP stand for?
Transfer Control Protocol
412
What does UDP stand for?
User Datagram Protocol
413
What frequency does 802.11a use?
5GHz
414
What is the maximum speed of 802.11a?
54 Mbps
415
What kind of range does 802.11a have?
One of the shortest ranges
416
What frequency does 802.11b use?
2.4GHz
417
What is the maximum speed of 802.11b?
11 Mbps
418
What kind of range does 802.11b have?
Medium range
419
What frequency does 802.11g use?
2.4GHz
420
What is the maximum speed of 802.11g?
54 Mbps
421
What kind of range does 802.11g have?
Medium range
422
What frequency does 802.11n use?
2.4GHz and 5GHz
423
What is the maximum speed of 802.11n?
Up to 600 Mbps
424
What kind of range does 802.11n have?
One of the longest
425
Rank the secureness of the 3 wireless encryption types
WPA2 is more secure than WPA, which is more secure than WEP, which is not recommended.
426
What kinds of encryption protocols do WPA use?
It can use either AES or TKIP
427
What kinds of encryption protocols do WPA2 use?
It can use either AES or TKIP
428
What does AES stand for?
Advanced Encryption Standard
429
What does TKIP stand for?
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
430
What is port forwarding?
It sends traffic coming in (from the Internet) from one port to an internal system with a specific IP address.
431
What is port triggering?
It opens a specific incoming port only after sending traffic out of a specific port
432
What does MAC stand for?
Medis Access Control
433
A MAC address is assigned to every... what?
NIC
434
What does NIC stand for?
Network Interface Card
435
What can firewals filter traffic based on?
IP addresses, MAC addresses, logical ports, and protocols.
436
What is a DMZ?
It's a server placed between an internet-facing server and an internal network to add a second of security. If the initial internet facing server is compromised, an attacker must also compromise the DMZ before they may access the systems of the internal network.
437
What are some other names for DMZs?
Screened subnet, perimeter networks, or buffer networks
438
What is NAT?
It is a service that replaces private IP addresses used internally with public IP addresses used on the Internet.
439
What does NAT stand for?
Network Address Translation
440
What is WPS?
A service meant to make security configuration on wireless routers almost as easy as pressing a button. It is not secure and not recommended.
441
What does WPS stand for?
Wi-Fi protected Setup
442
What is an ISDN?
A transmission standard that uses digital signals and terminal adapters in place of modems, allowing users to talk on the phone at the same time as accessing the Internet.
443
What does ISDN stand for?
Integrated Services Digital Network
444
What does WiMAX stand for?
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
445
What is a LAN?
A local area network. A network in a single location. Can often be made up of many subnets for businesses (with seperate netwroks for each department, for example)
446
What is a WAN?
Wide area network. 2 or more LANs geographically seperated. (e.g. Office in LA and office in NY)
447
What is a PAN?
Personal area network. A network of devices connected around a person. (e.g. Phone and bluetooth headset)
448
What is a MAN?
A Metropolitan Area Network. A group of networks in the same general location but spread across a wide area, spanning multiple buildings. (e.g. A university campus)
449
What does a mesh network topology look like?
Each device in the network has multiple redundant connections for each device. If any single connection fails, the network can continue on without issue.
450
What makes a network a full mesh network?
Every single device has a direct connection to every other device.
451
What does a ring topology look like?
Devices are connected in a physical or logical ring. Each device connected to 2 others.
452
What does a star topology look like?
Each device connects to a central hub or switch.
453
What does a bus topology look like?
A network of devices arranged in a line, with a terminator on each end. If any single device fails, or if a terminator fails, the entire network will fail.
454
What does a hybrid topology look like?
It's a combination of two or more topologies.
455
What is unicast traffic?
Traffic in a network that is addressed to only one other device. If forwarded through a hub, it still gets sent to all other devices connected to the hub.
456
What is broadcast traffic?
Traffic in a network sent to all other devices in the network
457
What is multicast traffic?
Traffic in a netwrok sent from one device to multiple other devices.
458
Why is a hub less secure than a switch?
A hub forwards data to all devices in a network, so secure data can be intercepted by a device that the data is not addressed to with the right tools.
459
Besides security, what other advantages do switches have over hubs?
Since they only forward data to addressed devices, they provide better performance.
460
What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
A hub forwards data to all devices in a network, a switch forwards the data only to addressed devices.
461
What defines a router?
While a hub and switch connect devices in a network, a router connects mutiple networks to each other. They evaluate the traffic to determine the best path to send it along.
462
Which routers use an NAT?
Ones that connect an internal network with the internet. If a router connects two internal networks, an NAT is not required.
463
What is a WAP?
A wireless access point. A device that provides access to a wired network for wireless clinets. A wireless router includes the capabilities of a wireless access point, but they also have additional capabilities.
464
What is a bridge?
A bridge is like a switch, but rather than connecting network devices, it connects groups of devices. That is, it conect two or more switches or hubs connected to networks. These are rarely used, switches are usually used instead.
465
What kind of OS do most NAS use?
Unix or linux. They require very little configuartion or management and usually have a web-based interface for creating groups, users, and folders.
466
What are the two types of firewalls?
Host-based and network-based.
467
Where will you generally find a host-based firewall?
It is usually software running on a computer.
468
Where will you generally find a network-based firewall?
It is often used in conjunction with a router.
469
What is an Internet appliance?
A device (usually portable) that can access a web broswer or e-mail.
470
What tool is used to secure connectors onto twisted pair cables?
A crimper
471
What attributes does a multimeter measure?
Voltage, amperage, resistance, and continuity
472
What does it mean when a multimeter measures continuity?
It checks to see if there are any breaks in the cable.
473
What does a toner probe do?
It consists of two components, one creates a tone on one end of a cable, and the other listens for the tone along the cable. This allows you to identify two ends of a cable in cable-dense environments.
474
What do cable testers do?
They verify that a cable is wired correctly and operational. They generally use LEDs to display how the cable is wired. If wired incorrectly, the tester reveals which pins have the wrong wires. It can also verify the bandwidth capabilities.
475
What is a loopback plug?
A plug that loops transmit wires to recieve wires to verify functionality.
476
What is a punchdown tool used for?
It attached twisted-pair cables to wall jacks or punch down blocks.
477
How many pins in an Express card /34?
26
478
How wide is an express card /34?
34 mm
479
Are express cards hot swappable?
Yes.
480
How many pins on an express card /54
26
481
How wide is an express card /54?
It's L-shaped! 34mm on the computer end, 54mm on the other end.
482
What is a PC card?
An older expansion card from before express card. Comes in 3 types.
483
How thick is Type I PC Card?
3.3 mm
484
How thick is Type II PC Card?
5.0mm
485
How thick is Type III PC Card?
10mm
486
How many rows of pins does a Type I PC card have?
1
487
How many rows of pins does a Type II PC card have?
2
488
How many rows of pins does a Type III PC card have?
3
489
What is another term for a PC card?
PCMCIA card.
490
What does PCMCIA stand for
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
491
How do you access a laptop's SODIMM card?
You remove the panel on the bottom of the computer then release the hold-down clips. Some laptops have a second SODIMM that you must disassemble the laptop to access.
492
What is one thing you must almost always remove to access the system board?
The keyboard
493
What size are hard drives used in laptops?
2.5"
494
What must be removed before you can remove an optical drive?
Just one or two screws.
495
What component provides wireless capabilities to a laptop?
A mini-PCIe wireless card
496
Where is the wireless antenna usually located?
Around the screen bezel
497
What must be removed to acces a Mini-PCIe card?
The bottom panel
498
What must sometimes be removed to replace the speakers?
The screen
499
What must sometimes be removed to replace the touchpad?
The keyboard
500
What is the best way to seperate two plastic peices that are stuck together?
A plastic wedge so as not to damage the peices.
