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Question 1

Cell Wall

Answer 1

Rigid layer found outside the plasma membrane, provides support and protection.

Question 2

Central Vacuole

Answer 2

Membrane-bound organelle, function in storage (material and waster) of organelle.

Question 3

Chloroplast

Answer 3

Chlorophyll containing cell used for photosynthesis.

Question 4

Cilia

Answer 4

Short cellular appendages that are used for locomotion.

Question 5

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 5

Used in osmoregulation, membrane-bound organelle in animal-like protists.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Region of cell contained within; functions in creating environment for processes that take place within the cell.

Question 7

Microtubules

Answer 7

Hollow protein filament that is part of the cytoskeleton. Responsible for structure and movement of cilia and flagella, cell organization, and shape.

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

Long cellular appendage used for locomotion.

Question 9

Food Vacuole

Answer 9

Present in animal-like protists and some cells of multicellular animals; contains food particles engulfed by cell.

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Organelle made up of flattened, membrane-bound compartments to store, modify, and ship products of the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Question 11

Leucoplast

Answer 11

Pigment-less plastid; different types of leucoplasts store and produce different macromolecules.Refers to a group of non-pigmented plastids that function in storage of starch, proteins, or fats. In light microscopy they are hard to distinguish due to their small size and lack of pigment.

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

Small membrane-bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest a cells food and waste.

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Organelle that carries out cellular respiration and supplies most of the cells ATP.

Question 14

Nucleolous

Answer 14

A prominent region in the nucleus of non-dividing cells where ribosome subunit assembly occurs.

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

Membrane-bound organelle that contains most of the cells genetic information; controls cell functions.

Question 16

Plasma Membrane

Answer 16

Selectively permeable membrane that separates a cells contents from the surrounding environment and regulates what goes into and out of the cell wall.

Question 17

Ribosome

Answer 17

A structure made up of rRNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm and is the site of protein synthesis.

Question 18

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

A part of the ER studded with ribosomes; plays a key role in the initial synthesis and sorting proteins for export.

Question 19

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 19

A part of the ER with no ribosomes; functions in lipid synthesis and modification, deoxification of drugs and alcohol, Ca2+ storage, and glycogen breakdown.

Question 20

Vesicle

Answer 20

A small, membrane-bound structure found within eukaryotic cells. May contain macromolecules for storage, transport, or secretion.

Question 21

List Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells (8).

Answer 21

1. Unicellular2. Lack a membrane-bound nucleus3. DNA stored in nucleoid4. Cellular respiration in anaerobic environment 5. Cyanobacteria are related to chloroplasts and are photosynthetic6. Lack membrane-bound organelles7. Relatively small in relation to Eukaryotic Cells8. Don’t require specialized cells because the big surface to volume ration allows for important molecules to move quickly and easily around the cell without specialized organelles.

Question 22

List two facts about Bacteria.

Answer 22

1. Almost all have cell walls composed of polysaccharides and amino acids 2. Many secrete a gelatinous outer covering called glycocalyx which traps water and protects the bacterium from desiccation.

Question 23

True or False: Archaea are found in extreme environments.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

List Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells (3).

Answer 24

1. Unicellular and multicellular 2. Large in size3. Membrane bound nucleus

Question 25

List Characteristics of Plant Cells (3).

Answer 25

1. Plasma membrane 2. Chloroplasts3. Central Vacuole

Question 26

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Answer 26

The movement of cytoplasm within a cell for transport.

Question 27

List Characteristics of Animal Cells (3).

Answer 27

1. Nucleus2. Cytoplasm 3. Plasma Membrane

Question 28

Light Microscopy (2).

Answer 28

Since there is little contrast available for transparent organism cells, stains are often used. Used to view whole or parts of living organisms.

Question 29

Phase Contrast Microscopy [Light Microscopy].

Answer 29

Increases contrast of living unstained specimens. Best for thin specimens.

Question 30

Differntial Interference Contrast Microscopy [Light Microscopy]

Answer 30

To increase contrast of unstained specimens. Used on thicker specimens, gives a 3D quality. 

Question 31

Fluorescence Microscopy [Light Miscroscopy]

Answer 31

Absorb a particular wavelength of light and emit some of that absorbed light in another wavelength. Some colour occur naturally [chlorophyll], commercial dyes are available. Generally these dyes label one specific molecule such as proteins or DNA, they might label organelles within the cell. Fluorescence is viewed on a black background. 

Question 32

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy [Light Microscopy]

Answer 32

Focusing laser light on a very thin plane within a naturally fluorescent specimen or one treated with commercial fluorescent dyes. Laser scanned specimens emit fluorescent dyes, image is sharp, used to examine thicker specimens, can be constructed into a 3D image, used for advanced teachings in the department of biology. 

Question 33

Electron Microscopy (3)

Answer 33

Image

Question 34

Transmission Electron Microscope [Electron Microscopy]

Answer 34

Extremely thin specimen, best resolution of the internal organization of cells and their organelles. 

Question 35

Scanning Electron Microscope [Electron Microscopy]

Answer 35

A beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of a specimen resulting in a 3D image, used for large intact specimens.