deck_2747262 (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Wall

A

Rigid layer found outside the plasma membrane, provides support and protection.

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2
Q

Central Vacuole

A

Membrane-bound organelle, function in storage (material and waster) of organelle.

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3
Q

Chloroplast

A

Chlorophyll containing cell used for photosynthesis.

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4
Q

Cilia

A

Short cellular appendages that are used for locomotion.

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5
Q

Contractile Vacuole

A

Used in osmoregulation, membrane-bound organelle in animal-like protists.

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Region of cell contained within; functions in creating environment for processes that take place within the cell.

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7
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow protein filament that is part of the cytoskeleton. Responsible for structure and movement of cilia and flagella, cell organization, and shape.

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8
Q

Flagella

A

Long cellular appendage used for locomotion.

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9
Q

Food Vacuole

A

Present in animal-like protists and some cells of multicellular animals; contains food particles engulfed by cell.

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10
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Organelle made up of flattened, membrane-bound compartments to store, modify, and ship products of the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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11
Q

Leucoplast

A

Pigment-less plastid; different types of leucoplasts store and produce different macromolecules.Refers to a group of non-pigmented plastids that function in storage of starch, proteins, or fats. In light microscopy they are hard to distinguish due to their small size and lack of pigment.

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12
Q

Lysosome

A

Small membrane-bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest a cells food and waste.

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelle that carries out cellular respiration and supplies most of the cells ATP.

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14
Q

Nucleolous

A

A prominent region in the nucleus of non-dividing cells where ribosome subunit assembly occurs.

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

Membrane-bound organelle that contains most of the cells genetic information; controls cell functions.

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16
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Selectively permeable membrane that separates a cells contents from the surrounding environment and regulates what goes into and out of the cell wall.

17
Q

Ribosome

A

A structure made up of rRNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm and is the site of protein synthesis.

18
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

A part of the ER studded with ribosomes; plays a key role in the initial synthesis and sorting proteins for export.

19
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

A part of the ER with no ribosomes; functions in lipid synthesis and modification, deoxification of drugs and alcohol, Ca2+ storage, and glycogen breakdown.

20
Q

Vesicle

A

A small, membrane-bound structure found within eukaryotic cells. May contain macromolecules for storage, transport, or secretion.

21
Q

List Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells (8).

A
  1. Unicellular2. Lack a membrane-bound nucleus3. DNA stored in nucleoid4. Cellular respiration in anaerobic environment 5. Cyanobacteria are related to chloroplasts and are photosynthetic6. Lack membrane-bound organelles7. Relatively small in relation to Eukaryotic Cells8. Don’t require specialized cells because the big surface to volume ration allows for important molecules to move quickly and easily around the cell without specialized organelles.
22
Q

List two facts about Bacteria.

A
  1. Almost all have cell walls composed of polysaccharides and amino acids 2. Many secrete a gelatinous outer covering called glycocalyx which traps water and protects the bacterium from desiccation.
23
Q

True or False: Archaea are found in extreme environments.

A

True.

24
Q

List Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells (3).

A
  1. Unicellular and multicellular 2. Large in size3. Membrane bound nucleus
25
Q

List Characteristics of Plant Cells (3).

A
  1. Plasma membrane 2. Chloroplasts3. Central Vacuole
26
Q

Cytoplasmic Streaming

A

The movement of cytoplasm within a cell for transport.

27
Q

List Characteristics of Animal Cells (3).

A
  1. Nucleus2. Cytoplasm 3. Plasma Membrane
28
Q

Light Microscopy (2).

A

Since there is little contrast available for transparent organism cells, stains are often used. Used to view whole or parts of living organisms.

29
Q

Phase Contrast Microscopy [Light Microscopy].

A

Increases contrast of living unstained specimens. Best for thin specimens.

30
Q

Differntial Interference Contrast Microscopy [Light Microscopy]

A

To increase contrast of unstained specimens. Used on thicker specimens, gives a 3D quality.

31
Q

Fluorescence Microscopy [Light Miscroscopy]

A

Absorb a particular wavelength of light and emit some of that absorbed light in another wavelength. Some colour occur naturally [chlorophyll], commercial dyes are available. Generally these dyes label one specific molecule such as proteins or DNA, they might label organelles within the cell. Fluorescence is viewed on a black background.

32
Q

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy [Light Microscopy]

A

Focusing laser light on a very thin plane within a naturally fluorescent specimen or one treated with commercial fluorescent dyes. Laser scanned specimens emit fluorescent dyes, image is sharp, used to examine thicker specimens, can be constructed into a 3D image, used for advanced teachings in the department of biology.

33
Q

Electron Microscopy (3)

A

Image

34
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope [Electron Microscopy]

A

Extremely thin specimen, best resolution of the internal organization of cells and their organelles.

35
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope [Electron Microscopy]

A

A beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of a specimen resulting in a 3D image, used for large intact specimens.