Deck no. 36

Question 1

to go ballistic

Answer 1

wkurzyć się, dostać szału …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Khloé made headlines in 2021 after a particularly unflattering, unfiltered photo of herself surfaced online. “She went ballistic over it,” the insider says of the image, which an assistant accidentally shared on a private account.

Question 2

to cop to something

Answer 2

przyznać się do czegoś …..…………………………………..…………………………………… After initially lying about getting lip injections as a teen, Kylie finally copped to it, then turned her obsession into a business idea, making millions off of her Kylie Cosmetics lips kits and keeping her naturally thin pout over-plumped ever since.

Question 3

unapologetic

Answer 3

bez poczucia winy; nieskruszony; bezwzględny …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Kris is unapologetic about going under the knife. She had a face- and neck-lift in 2011 (“Kim used to call me gobble-gobble,” the momager said of one reason she had the surgery) and later admitted to having Botox, fillers, laser treatments and at least two breast augmentations.

Question 4

henceforth

Answer 4

odtąd …..…………………………………..…………………………………… He then cites with approval the medieval Persian philosopher Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, whose very un-Western observation “would henceforth ring” in Mr. Kaplan’s ears: that a year of anarchy is worse than a hundred years of tyranny.

Question 5

for good measure

Answer 5

na dodatek, na dokładkę …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Anarchy, Mr. Kaplan writes, was for the Greeks the “greatest, most fundamental fear.” Greek history—and Shakespeare, too, for good measure— is replete with examples of how a fear of chaos is often the most effective kind of wisdom.

Question 6

self-flagellation

Answer 6

ostra samokrytyka …..…………………………………..…………………………………… “The Tragic Mind” is Mr. Kaplan’s 21st book and the only one he has written as an act of self-flagellation.

Question 7

to work out well for somebody

Answer 7

dobrze komuś służyć, wychodzić komuś na dobre …..…………………………………..…………………………………… When it comes to understanding what happens to people as they go through life, pictures of entire lives—of the choices people make and the paths they follow, and how it all works out for them—are almost impossible to get.

Question 8

well-adjusted

Answer 8

przystosowany (np. do życia) …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The first was a group of 268 sophomores at Harvard College, selected by Harvard professor of hygiene Arlie Bock because they were deemed likely to grow into healthy and well-adjusted adults. At least half of the young men chosen for the study attended Harvard with the aid of scholarships and by holding down jobs to help pay tuition, while others came from well-to-do families.

Question 9

hold down a job

Answer 9

utrzymać pracę …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The first was a group of 268 sophomores at Harvard College, selected by Harvard professor of hygiene Arlie Bock because they were deemed likely to grow into healthy and well-adjusted adults. At least half of the young men chosen for the study attended Harvard with the aid of scholarships and by holding down jobs to help pay tuition, while others came from well-to-do families.

Question 10

well-to-do

Answer 10

zamożny …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The first was a group of 268 sophomores at Harvard College, selected by Harvard professor of hygiene Arlie Bock because they were deemed likely to grow into healthy and well-adjusted adults. At least half of the young men chosen for the study attended Harvard with the aid of scholarships and by holding down jobs to help pay tuition, while others came from well-to-do families.

Question 11

inner-city

Answer 11

podupadła część śródmieścia // the area near the centre of a city, especially when associated with social and economic problems …..…………………………………..…………………………………… When the researchers decided to combine the two studies, all of the inner-city and Harvard participants were interviewed.

Question 12

walk of life

Answer 12

pozycja społeczna …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Over the following decades, these teenagers grew up into adults who entered all walks of life. They became factory workers and lawyers and bricklayers and doctors.

Question 13

by hook or by crook

Answer 13

za wszelką cenę; wszelkimi sposobami …..…………………………………..…………………………………… By hook and by crook, the Harvard Study has maintained an 84% participation rate for 85 years.

Question 14

to make a point of something

Answer 14

podkreślić coś, zaakcentować coś (np. czyjąś opinię na jakiś temat) …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Over and over again, when the participants in the Harvard Study reached their 70s and 80s, they would make a point of saying that what they valued most were theirrelationships with friends and family.

Question 15

to trawl

Answer 15

wyszukiwać (informacje) …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Indulge me in a little exercise: Estimate how long you spend each week scrolling Instagram, reading news, streaming video, trawling Amazon and the like.

Question 16

to rear

Answer 16

wychowywać …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The adage of child-rearing—the days are long but the years are short—shows how the lack of novelty plays a role.

Question 17

in a flash

Answer 17

w mgnieniu oka …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The early days might have individually felt grueling, but later on you can’t remember every diaper change. When you look back, it seems like your kids grew up in a flash.

Question 18

wheelhouse

Answer 18

specjalność (mocna strona) …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Many of these workers were newly hired under the mistaken assumption that booming pandemic demand would become the new normal. But a good percentage were legacy employees working on projects that, given today’s market environment, range from fiscally irresponsible to projects that fall well outside their parent company’s wheelhouse.

Question 19

to be so

Answer 19

to be true or correct …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Reinventing the wheel is so last year. The best tech investments of 2023 might be companies content to spend their coin greasing it.

Question 20

going forward

Answer 20

w przyszłości …..…………………………………..…………………………………… TikTok has spent an estimated $1.5 billion setting up the Oracle data center, moving code, and hiring and paying the third-party monitors, according to people familiar with the proposal. They said they expect such expenses to cost TikTok $700 million to $1 billion annually going forward, if TikTok reaches a deal.

Question 21

haute cuisine

Answer 21

wykwintna kuchnia …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The difficulties of running a U.S. eatery, whether selling hot dogs or haute cuisine, are well known, yet hope continues to triumph over experience.

Question 22

eatery

Answer 22

restauracja, bar …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The difficulties of running a U.S. eatery, whether selling hot dogs or haute cuisine, are well known, yet hope continues to triumph over experience.

Question 23

shakeout

Answer 23

odsiew (eliminacja) …..…………………………………..…………………………………… Their struggles helped take some financial pressure off large chains, ranging from quick-serve ones such as McDonald’s or Yum Brands’ Taco Bell, to fast-casual operator Darden Restaurants’s Olive Garden or Dine Brands Global’s Applebee’s. The shakeout for Mom and Pop would have been even worse had many not been able to tap federal assistance.

Question 24

plight

Answer 24

trudna sytuacja, niedola …..…………………………………..…………………………………… The killing of a former lawmaker highlights the plight of Afghan women.

Question 25

to proof

Answer 25

**uodparniać, impregnować** …..…......................................…....................................... How to jerk-**proof** a job search.

Question 26

to rubber stamp

Answer 26

**zatwierdzać bez zastanowienia i przemyślenia** …..…......................................…....................................... The dust-up comes a week after Disney replaced its board chair, Susan Arnold, with Nike Inc. Chairman Mark Parker, a move that Mr. Peltz has dinged as a **rubber stamp** for the return of Mr. Iger. Mr. Iger returned to Disney as CEO in November when the company’s board fired Bob Chapek from the top job.

Question 27

to ding

Answer 27

**speak angrily to or criticize someone** …..…......................................…....................................... The dust-up comes a week after Disney replaced its board chair, Susan Arnold, with Nike Inc. Chairman Mark Parker, a move that Mr. Peltz has **dinged** as a rubber stamp for the return of Mr. Iger. Mr. Iger returned to Disney as CEO in November when the company’s board fired Bob Chapek from the top job.

Question 28

to let up

Answer 28

**ustąpić** …..…......................................…....................................... Mr. Peltz didn’t **let up** even after Mr. Chapek’s firing in November, the Disney presentation said. That month, he met with Mr. Iger and Ms. McCarthy, and in December told Mr. Iger he would mount a proxy fight if not granted a board seat.

Question 29

to tag

Answer 29

**szufladkować (kogoś)** …..…......................................…....................................... In Mr. Peltz’s view, Disney overpaid for the assets and is now saddled with debt and absorption costs. Disney said on Tuesday the trio of acquisitions that preceded the Fox deal were similarly **tagged** as “overpaid.”

Question 30

to take the long view

Answer 30

**planować coś długofalowo** …..…......................................…....................................... “While we think that has provided incremental information to investors regarding the seasonality of the business, we have decided to cease providing monthly metrics to align our reporting cadence with our value of **taking the long view**,” Roblox said.

Question 31

steeped in something

Answer 31

**zanurzony w czymś (np. w historii)** …..…......................................…....................................... The prospect of failure was unbearable to executives **steeped in** founder Jeff Bezos’ doctrine of customer obsession, according to a former employee.

Question 32

to rustle up

Answer 32

**skołować coś, skombinować coś** …..…......................................…....................................... Worried about a second straight holiday season meltdown, Dave Clark, then Amazon’s head of worldwide operations, ordered his transportation team to **rustle up** some airplanes, fast, according to a former employee.

Question 33

to hallow

Answer 33

**czcić** …..…......................................…....................................... At the same time, its corporate values are **hallowed** within the company walls. “Jeff Bezos came down from the mountain with 12 leadership principles,” jokes a former staffer. They urge a “bias for action,” declaring that “speed matters” and “many decisions and actions are reversible and do not need extensive study.”

Question 34

to spew

Answer 34

**wyrzucać z siebie, bluzgać (przekleństwami), wymiotować** …..…......................................…....................................... But as the program continues to expand, some former employees say these costly, emission-**spewing** airplanes are often underfilled or are used to ship goods that could be carried more cheaply and efficiently by road.

Question 35

to cuss

Answer 35

**przeklinać** …..…......................................…....................................... Bigger song catalog brings less choice for some customers; ‘a lot of **cussing**’.

Question 36

hand over fist

Answer 36

**w szybkim tempie** …..…......................................…....................................... If one includes ESPN+, Disney’s sports streamer, and Hulu, its general entertainment platform, Disney has more streaming subscriptions even than Netflix, and a lot more than everyone else. Yet the streaming business is losing money **hand over fist**.

Question 37

thumping

Answer 37

**bardzo głośny, ogłuszający (o muzyce)** …..…......................................…....................................... Romantics ascribe cinema’s power to the magic of a shared experience, or to the sensory impact of a vast screen and **thumping** sound system.

Question 38

pent-up demand

Answer 38

**a rapid increase in demand for a service or product, usually following a period of subdued spending** “pent-up” odnosi się do czegoś, co jest powstrzymywane lub hamowane, i sugeruje silne nagromadzenie emocji lub energii, które szukają ujścia lub wyrażenia. …..…......................................…....................................... At its American properties Disney has harnessed **pent-up demand**, introducing airline-style pricing to charge more in busy periods.

Question 39

to wring

Answer 39

**wymuszać, wyciskać (uzyskiwać coś od kogoś siłą)** …..…......................................…....................................... Mr Iger is said to be more sympathetic to these concerns than Mr Chapek was, but until other parts of the business pick up, Disney will need to **wring** what money it can from its parks.

Question 40

the odd one out

Answer 40

**niepasujący element** …..…......................................…....................................... Gaming is a blind spot for Mr Iger, who wound up Disney’s gaming arm during his previous stint as chief executive. Today Disney licenses its brands to developers like Electronic Arts, which makes Star Wars and Marvel games, among others. With Netflix, Amazon and Apple now offering gaming subscriptions alongside video, Disney looks like **the odd one out**.

Question 41

to drag out

Answer 41

**przeciągać, przedłużać** …..…......................................…....................................... People close to Mr Iger say he did not plot his return and is unlikely to **drag out** his second act. That makes the search for a successor urgent, and there is no obvious heir. Meanwhile, the job is getting ever more demanding.

Question 42

quick fix

Answer 42

**prowizorka, doraźne rozwiązanie** …..…......................................…....................................... These always-on purchasers, as McKinsey has christened them, often shun a weekly shop for **quicker fixes** of everything from fashion to furniture.

Question 43

to spread

Answer 43

**tu: rozkładać (w czasie)** …..…......................................…....................................... Easy access to means of **spreading** payments may encourage splashing out.

Question 44

be alive and well

Answer 44

**dobrze się trzymać** …..…......................................…....................................... But Big Meat is still **alive and well**. After Beyond went public in 2019—at the time the most successful major initial public offering since the 2008 financial crisis — competitors rushed into the space, followed by a categorywide pandemic surge.

Question 45

faux [foł]

Answer 45

**fałszywy** …..…......................................…....................................... Under new CEO Peter McGuinness, Impossible has spun up new products such as animal‑shaped **faux** chicken nuggets and blitzed supermarkets, leading to more than 50% retail sales growth in the US in 2022.

Question 46

to hit a brick wall

Answer 46

**natrafić na ścianę (nie czynić postępów)** …..…......................................…....................................... While it has added restaurant partners, some of its long‑standing ones are finding consumer excitement has either **hit a wall** or is declining.

Question 47

stan

Answer 47

**nadgorliwy fan (celebryty)** …..…......................................…....................................... Plant‑based meat’s most reliable enthusiasts at this point are those original veggie burger **stan**s, vegans and vegetarians. The all‑important meat eaters do partake, but at a much lower frequency. “They’re just not that into it,” says Chris DuBois, head of IRI’s protein practice.

Question 48

harrowing

Answer 48

**wstrząsający, przerażający (np. o doświadczeniu)** …..…......................................…....................................... Another movie sneaked into the Oscars conversation at the last minute: “All Quiet on the Western Front,” the **harrowing** World War I film told from a German perspective that earned nine nominations.

Question 49

hand-me-down

Answer 49

**używane ubranie** …..…......................................…....................................... She’s also taken **hand-me-down** clothing and gear from her friends, and has no qualms about putting her daughter in her son’s old stained and stretched onesies.

Question 50

revenge shopping

Answer 50

**a type of splurge shopping that occurs after a frugal spending period** …..…......................................…....................................... People are also looking for luxury at more affordable price points in the secondhand market, Ms. Willersdorf says. “That’s allowing them to do more **revenge spending** than they have been doing before,” she says.

Question 51

headspace

Answer 51

**sposób myślenia, stan umysłu; wolna głowa, czas na pomyślenie spokojnie** …..…......................................…....................................... “What keeps me in a good **headspace** is that I am saving the money [on essentials] and I am still able to get the things that I want and make those sorts of splurges.

Question 52

onesie

Answer 52

**jednoczęściowa piżama, body dziecięce** …..…......................................…....................................... She’s also taken hand-me-down clothing and gear from her friends, and has no qualms about putting her daughter in her son’s old stained and stretched **onesies**.

Question 53

to pool

Answer 53

**zbierać, zebrać (coś wspólnie), składać się na coś (np. na prezent)** …..…......................................…....................................... This mutual influence along with the built-in financial accountability couples get when they **pool** their assets are partly why married couples have a financial advantage over their single counterparts, researchers say.

Question 54

it girl

Answer 54

**dziewczyna, która ma to coś** …..…......................................…....................................... Taylor Russel is pefectly positioned to become Hollywood's next **it girl**. But she has her eyes on a bigger prize.

Question 55

pest

Answer 55

**szkodnik (np. chwast, owad)** …..…......................................…....................................... They’re that **pest** at the office who destroys every Monday by recounting each unremarkable thing they did over the weekend. They’re that jerk who talks over everyone else at a dinner party while the rest of you fantasize about slipping hemlock into their pinot noir.

Question 56

in plain sight

Answer 56

**na widoku** …..…......................................…....................................... Another breakthrough in AI has just shaken up the tech world. This time, the machines are operating **in plain sight** — and they could finally be ready to follow through on the threat to replace millions of jobs.

Question 57

to order

Answer 57

**na zamówienie** …..…......................................…....................................... ChatGPT, a query-answering and text-generating system released at the end of November, has burst into the public consciousness in a way seldom seen outside the realm of science fiction. Created by San Francisco-based research firm OpenAI, it is the most visible of a new wave of so-called “generative” AI systems that can produce content **to order**.

Question 58

best guess

Answer 58

**coś najbardziej prawdopodobnego według kogoś; coś, co wydaje się komuś najpewniejsze** …..…......................................…....................................... They make their **best guess** based on probabilistic assumptions informed by studying mountains of data, with no real understanding of what they produce.

Question 59

to spew out

Answer 59

**wypluwać z siebie (słowa), bluzgać (przekleństwami)** …..…......................................…....................................... The system was quickly found to be **spewing out** believable-sounding but fake research on request, leading Facebook to withdraw the system days later.

Question 60

to spout

Answer 60

**wygłaszać (mądrości), rozgadywać (się)** …..…......................................…....................................... It learnt the hard way that chatbots can go rogue: its Tay bot had to be hastily withdrawn in 2016 after **spouting** racism and other inflammatory responses.

Question 61

to go rogue

Answer 61

**działać wbrew uzgodnionemu scenariuszowi** …..…......................................…....................................... It learnt the hard way that chatbots can **go rogue**: its Tay bot had to be hastily withdrawn in 2016 after spouting racism and other inflammatory responses.

Question 62

to price somebody out

Answer 62

**wyeliminować kogoś z rynku** …..…......................................…....................................... That could make it possible to produce professional-looking images from products sold by “smaller retailers and brands that are **priced out** of doing photoshoots for their goods.”

Question 63

aghast

Answer 63

**przerażony, osłupiały (np. na widok czegoś)** …..…......................................…....................................... Presented with songs written by ChatGPT to sound like his own work, singer and songwriter Nick Cave was **aghast**. “Songs arise out of suffering, by which I mean they are predicated upon the complex, internal human struggle of creation and, well, as far as I know, algorithms don’t feel,” he wrote online. “Data doesn’t suffer.”

Question 64

ground rules

Answer 64

**ogólne zasady** …..…......................................…....................................... According to a lawyer who represents two AI companies, everyone in the field has been braced for the inevitable lawsuits that will set the **ground rules**.

Question 65

open season

Answer 65

**sezon łowiecki** …..…......................................…....................................... Ultimately, it will take the courts to set the terms for the new era of AI — or even legislators, if they decide the technology breaks the old assumptions on which existing copyright law is based. Until then, as the computers race to suck up more of the world’s data, it is **open season** in the world of generative AI.

Question 66

to humble

Answer 66

**uczyć pokory; poskromić, zniszczyć (silnego przeciwnika w sporcie)** …..…......................................…....................................... **Humbled**: Eubank Jnr takes defeat well but it may have a long-term effect on his confidence.

Question 67

dough [dał]

Answer 67

**kasa, szmal** …..…......................................…....................................... For too long, “Beefy” – one of Britain’s most consistent highend active boxers – has been forced to travel the globe or settle into the role as the B-side to earn his **dough**.

Question 68

the last of something

Answer 68

**pozostałości czegoś, resztki czegoś** …..…......................................…....................................... David Haye’s efforts to strip his body of fat ahead of his rematch with Tony Bellew stole **the last of** his punch resistance as much as the blows his opponent landed upon him.

Question 69

in the extreme

Answer 69

**nadzwyczajnie, skrajnie** …..…......................................…....................................... How he copes in there now, knowing deep down that his opponent can not only hurt him but turn his legs to spaghetti, could be a sobering realisation **in the extreme**.

Question 70

bone of contention

Answer 70

**kość niezgody** …..…......................................…....................................... The prices for PPV shows have always been a **bone of contention** in America because they’re so exorbitant, but the UK is beginning to edge closer, and increasingly this is happening with shows that lack the historic quality or star billing that was once a requisite for an added price tag.

Question 71

to edge

Answer 71

**przesuwać (w kierunku czegoś)** …..…......................................…....................................... The prices for PPV shows have always been a bone of contention in America because they’re so exorbitant, but the UK is beginning to **edge** closer, and increasingly this is happening with shows that lack the historic quality or star billing that was once a requisite for an added price tag.

Question 72

window-dressing

Answer 72

**mydlenie oczu, gra pozorów** …..…......................................…....................................... There wasn’t any attempt to **windowdress** the undercard with competitive fights. That obviously helped to keep costs down, but it all offered scant return for viewers that stumped up for the event.

Question 73

to join the dots

Answer 73

**połączyć kropki, poskładać w całość (dojść do logicznego wniosku)** …..…......................................…....................................... The **dots weren’t joining** and only Fury’s star power could help it generate the numbers needed to make it worthwhile.

Question 74

off you go!

Answer 74

**naprzód!** …..…......................................…....................................... Then it’s **off to Saudi Arabia we go**, where money is limitless and Fury and Usyk can negotiate to receive the tens of millions of dollars they’d expect to make their fight.

Question 75

have a short fuse

Answer 75

**być w gorącej wodzie kąpanym, być porywczym** …..…......................................…....................................... The firm’s boss, David Solomon, took over in 2018. A man with a **short fuse**, he has tried to rebrand himself and to renew the firm by expanding its core and diversifying into new areas.

Question 76

whip hand

Answer 76

**przewaga; władza** …..…......................................…....................................... Goldman has achieved digital scale by teaming up with Apple to provide a credit card. However, given that the tech giant has almost a billion paying subscribers, Apple holds the **whip hand** in that relationship.

Question 77

self-regard

Answer 77

**szacunek dla samego siebie** …..…......................................…....................................... Goldman’s culture of **self-regard** remains at odds with the facts. Instead it now needs to be selfcritical. For yesterday’s masters of the universe, that may be the hardest leap of all.

Question 78

indignant

Answer 78

**oburzony** …..…......................................…....................................... Rolling Stone was far from the only critic of all this, but Goldman revelled in the attention. **Indignant** commentators marvelled at how it managed to mint money through good times and bad, often accusing it of ruthlessness or predation.

Question 79

in other respects

Answer 79

**pod innymi względami, w innych przypadkach** …..…......................................…....................................... The wild swings in asset markets in 2020 pumped up trading volumes; the roaring bull market of 2021 led to a surge in initial public offerings, mergers and acquisitions; in 2022, despite adverse conditions **in other respects**, Goldman’s bondtraders were able to capitalise on rising rates.

Question 80

in that

Answer 80

**ponieważ** …..…......................................…....................................... The comparison may be a little misleading, **in that** 2019 was the year that Goldman booked a $3bn fine for issuing billions of dollars of bonds for 1MDB, a Malaysian government investment fund, the proceeds of which promptly vanished. But returns in markets and investment banking climbed by around three percentage points from 2020 to 2022, which is nothing to be sneezed at.

Question 81

to sneeze at something

Answer 81

**mieć coś w nosie** …..…......................................…....................................... The comparison may be a little misleading, in that 2019 was the year that Goldman booked a $3bn fine for issuing billions of dollars of bonds for 1MDB, a Malaysian government investment fund, the proceeds of which promptly vanished. But returns in markets and investment banking climbed by around three percentage points from 2020 to 2022, which is nothing to be **sneezed at**.

Question 82

also-ran

Answer 82

**przegrany, słaby konkurent** …..…......................................…....................................... A similar strategy had worked wonders at Morgan Stanley, which in Goldman’s all-conquering era had been a perennial **also-ran**.

Question 83

light-hearted

Answer 83

**beztroski; niefrasobliwy** …..…......................................…....................................... Another thing that was supposed to change under Mr Solomon was Goldman’s corporate culture. Unlike his buttoned-up predecessors, he can be **light-hearted**. He once wore sweatpants to a meeting to woo the executives of Lululemon, the yoga-attire company.

Question 84

powwow

Answer 84

**spotkanie, konferencja** …..…......................................…....................................... Mr Solomon started inviting big investors to annual **powwows** in 2020—a common practice on Wall Street but a first for Goldman.

Question 85

commanding

Answer 85

**imponujący, majestatyczny** …..…......................................…....................................... Stand on the east side of the top floor of Goldman’s headquarters in lower Manhattan and you can look down on all of Wall Street. Despite the bank’s recent stumbles, its employees continue to enjoy the **commanding** view. But hardly anyone is looking up to them any more.

Question 86

in a funk

Answer 86

**zdołowany; spanikowany; w kryzysie; w impasie** …..…......................................…....................................... All the superlatives notwithstanding, it is equally hard not to recognise that Amazon finds itself **in something of a funk**.

Question 87

deed

Answer 87

**dokument, akt prawny** …..…......................................…....................................... The applicant signed the mortgage **deed**.

Question 88

backbone

Answer 88

**siła charakteru, odwaga** …..…......................................…....................................... You've got to have the **backbone** to stand up to him.

Question 89

to shrivel [szrivel]

Answer 89

**maleć (o zyskach); więdnąć** …..…......................................…....................................... What is more, AWS is particularly vulnerable to **shrivelling** orders from startups, which tend to favour it over rivals such as Microsoft Azure.

Question 90

to lay something at somebody's door

Answer 90

**obwiniać kogoś za coś** …..…......................................…....................................... In the past four quarters Amazon lost $26bn in free cashflow (the money companies generate after deducting capital investments). Little of this can be **laid directly at Mr Jassy’s door**.

Question 91

ailment

Answer 91

**choroba** …..…......................................…....................................... Last year Amazon bought One Medical, a provider of primary care, and launched Amazon Clinic, which offers virtual consultations for more than 20 **ailments**.

Question 92

mischief-maker

Answer 92

**intrygant** …..…......................................…....................................... Languishing Silicon Valley stocks attract Wall Street’s **mischief-makers**.

Question 93

to be par for the course

Answer 93

**być do przewidzenia** …..…......................................…....................................... For bosses and boards, dealing with the odd activist shareholder is **par for the course**. Contending with a swarm of such gadflies is unusual.

Question 94

odd

Answer 94

**rozmaity** …..…......................................…....................................... For bosses and boards, dealing with the **odd** activist shareholder is par for the course. Contending with a swarm of such gadflies is unusual.

Question 95

gadfly

Answer 95

**osa (kąśliwa osoba); akcjonariusz, który pojawia się na zebraniach akcjonariuszy i zadaje kłopotliwe pytania** …..…......................................…....................................... For bosses and boards, dealing with the odd activist shareholder is par for the course. Contending with a swarm of such **gadflies** is unusual.

Question 96

to skim through something

Answer 96

**przebiegać szybko wzrokiem przez coś** …..…......................................…....................................... Many who have met Satya Nadella like him. For those who haven’t, a **skim through** his autobiography endorses the view that the boss of Microsoft is an intelligent, decent sort of person.

Question 97

giddy with something

Answer 97

**oszołomiony czymś, upojony czymś** …..…......................................…....................................... Once again Mr Nadella **is giddy with** “this-is-the-future” euphoria. On January 23rd Microsoft announced its third investment, estimated at $10bn, in OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT.

Question 98

a flash in the pan

Answer 98

**jednorazowy wyczyn, chwilowy sukces; osoba o słomianym zapale** …..…......................................…....................................... HoloLens was reportedly affected by the firm’s 10,000 recent layoffs. That said, ChatGPT is already so accessible and intuitive to use that it is hard to imagine it will be **a flash in the pan**.

Question 99

to pay heed to something

Answer 99

**zwracać uwagę na coś** …..…......................................…....................................... Given the risk of an economic slowdown, which is cooling demand for Microsoft’s software and cloud services, investors have too many short-term concerns to **pay much heed** to Mr Nadella’s promises of AI-flavoured jam tomorrow.

Question 100

inning [inin]

Answer 100

**runda; rozgrywka** …..…......................................…....................................... First **innings**. In short, Microsoft has a valuable head start and Mr Nadella is loth to squander it. The big question, however, is not who will win. In these early days that would be like asking, at the dawn of the 19th century, who will come out top from the Industrial Revolution.

Question 101

contained

Answer 101

**opanowany; pod kontrolą** …..…......................................…....................................... Although they see the war in Ukraine as a humanitarian tragedy, the risks to the world economy look for now to be **contained**.

Question 102

charm offensive

Answer 102

**kokietowanie** …..…......................................…....................................... China’s Communist government has launched a **charm offensive**, signalling that the country is not just reopening after its harsh “zero-covid” regime but also reintegrating with the world. Globalisation may not be in the rudest of health, but news of its demise appears, to many bosses, exaggerated.

Question 103

in rude health

Answer 103

**tryskający zdrowiem** …..…......................................…....................................... China’s Communist government has launched a charm offensive, signalling that the country is not just reopening after its harsh “zero-covid” regime but also reintegrating with the world. Globalisation may not be in the **rudest of health**, but news of its demise appears, to many bosses, exaggerated.

Question 104

to give someone the boot

Answer 104

**wyrzucić kogoś z pracy** …..…......................................…....................................... Investment bankers got a particularly severe drubbing, as dealmaking collapsed amid economic uncertainty. Goldman Sachs is **giving around 3,200 of its workers the boot**.

Question 105

weariness

Answer 105

**zmęczenie, znużenie, wyczerpanie** …..…......................................…....................................... The first thing to which firms will be confessing is the **weariness** of consumers. In firms’ conference calls with analysts at the end of last year, many spoke of weak demand, as shoppers reined in spending on discretionary items.

Question 106

to own up to

Answer 106

**przyznawać się (do zrobienia czegoś)** …..…......................................…....................................... As demand falters, firms are **owning up to** excessive costs—their second confession. Technology companies, which saw demand for their products slow last year from pandemic-induced highs, are doing so with special zeal.

Question 107

rip the band-aid off

Answer 107

**szybko załatwić nieprzyjemną sprawę, szybko się z czymś rozprawić** …..…......................................…....................................... It was time to **rip off the band-aid** and let them know what their situation was.

Question 108

pernicious

Answer 108

**szkodliwy, groźny** …..…......................................…....................................... “Hello lower gas prices, bye-bye recession,” cheered analysts at JPMorgan Chase, a bank, on January 18th, in a report on the euro zone. Nomura, a Japanese lender, has revised its forecast of Britain’s recession “to something less **pernicious** [than] what we originally expected”.

Question 109

few and far between

Answer 109

**rzadko, nieczęsto** …..…......................................…....................................... Over the past half century, as governments and central banks teamed up ever more closely to manage economic growth, recessions became **fewer and farther between**.

Question 110

to worm one's way into

Answer 110

**wkupić się (w czyjeś łaski); wcisnąć się** …..…......................................…....................................... Faith in government as a saviour in recessions has been **worming its way into** people’s minds for most of their lifetimes.

Question 111

non-event

Answer 111

**rozczarowanie** …..…......................................…....................................... Government bailouts in the pandemic came so fast and large that it felt to many people, particularly white-collar employees working from home, as if the recession never happened. Their incomes and credit scores went up. Their wealth exploded with rising stock and bond markets. Now this experience of recession as a **non-event** seems baked into the professional psyche.

Question 112

to get it on

Answer 112

**zacząć coś robić entuzjastycznie** …..…......................................…....................................... Let's **get it on**!

Question 113

to lay down the law

Answer 113

**rozkazywać, rządzić się** …..…......................................…....................................... My older sister is always **laying down the law** to us.

Question 114

juices flowing

Answer 114

**krew w żyłach płynie szybciej.** …..…......................................…....................................... Overtures like that get my **juices flowing**.

Question 115

to put things into perspective

Answer 115

**spojrzeć na coś w szerszym kontekście; z innej perspektywy; z dystansem** …..…......................................…....................................... Surviving a plane crash **puts things into perspective**.

Question 116

only so much / many

Answer 116

**ograniczona liczba / tylko tyle (limitowana ilość)** …..…......................................…....................................... There are **only so many** houses for sale on the market currently.

Question 117

to talk shop

Answer 117

**rozmawiać o sprawach zawodowych** …..…......................................…....................................... They had a business meeting and were **talking shop**.

Question 118

sideways market

Answer 118

**rynek płaski (z cenami zmieniającymi się w bardzo wąskich przedziałach)** …..…......................................…....................................... Up market, down market, **sideways market**.

Question 119

I'm down with

Answer 119

**zgadzać się z** …..…......................................…....................................... Well, whatever you decide to do, **I'm down with** you.

Question 120

steep

Answer 120

**gwałtowny** …..…......................................…....................................... America’s hoped-for Asian semiconductor pact faces **steep** odds.

Question 121

odds

Answer 121

**trudności, przeciwieństwa** …..…......................................…....................................... America’s hoped-for Asian semiconductor pact faces steep **odds**.

Question 122

hoped-for

Answer 122

**oczekiwany** …..…......................................…....................................... America’s **hoped-for** Asian semiconductor pact faces steep odds.

Question 123

scaffolding

Answer 123

**rusztowanie** …..…......................................…....................................... Motivational banners hang from its **scaffolding**: “Always smile”. White fences line the perimeter, dividing the rising steel structures from nearby cabbage and carrot fields. There is little to suggest that this is one of Asia’s most geopolitically significant building sites.

Question 124

to ram

Answer 124

**taranować** …..…......................................…....................................... The semiconductor industry is no stranger to geopolitical wrestling. By the 1980s Japan accounted for more than 50% of global semiconductor production. Wary of Japanese power, America **rammed** through a chip trade deal to the detriment of the Japanese industry.

Question 125

to keep up with the Joneses

Answer 125

**podążać za nowinkami; żyć na podobnej stopie życiowej, co sąsiedzi** …..…......................................…....................................... South Korea has passed support measures for its industry, in what is known colloquially as the “K-Chips Act”. The amounts on offer are piddling so far: an 8% tax credit for large firms’ investments in domestic facilities. But pressure to **keep up with the Joneses** is rising.

Question 126

piddling

Answer 126

**błahy, mało znaczący** …..…......................................…....................................... South Korea has passed support measures for its industry, in what is known colloquially as the “K-Chips Act”. The amounts on offer are **piddling** so far: an 8% tax credit for large firms’ investments in domestic facilities. But pressure to keep up with the Joneses is rising.

Question 127

hollowing-out

Answer 127

**drenaż** …..…......................................…....................................... Samsung and SK Hynix, the two biggest South Korean chip firms, are investing big in America. While that could make Korean firms more competitive, it could result in a “**hollowing-out**” of the South Korean semiconductor industry,

Question 128

to assuage [esłejdż]

Answer 128

**gasić (pragnienie)** …..…......................................…....................................... Many in Taiwan fear TSMC’s sorties could reduce America’s incentive to defend Taiwan from China. The firm is keen to **assuage** the anxiety.

Question 129

individual

Answer 129

**poszczególny** …..…......................................…....................................... The vision of a “democratic semiconductor supply chain” is not implausible. But creating chip networks rather than fuelling chip wars will require careful coordination within **individual** governments, between allied governments and across public and private sectors.

Question 130

stand to do something

Answer 130

**być w sytuacji, gdy coś może się wydarzyć** …..…......................................…....................................... In part, Asian chipmakers worry about losing market share in China. Japanese semiconductor firms generate 20-30% of their business there, and **stand to** lose about 70% of it as a result of America’s curbs.

Question 131

to get to something

Answer 131

**zabrać się do czegoś, zacząć coś robić** …..…......................................…....................................... He just **got to** his homework.

Question 132

to smash it out of the park

Answer 132

**to do something much better than someone else** …..…......................................…....................................... Hotel Ferrero **knocks everyone out of the park** with their breakfast.

Question 133

lineage

Answer 133

**ród, rodowód, pochodzenie** …..…......................................…....................................... That’s not a typo; producers later changed the title after doing the math on the Dutton family’s fictional **lineage**, and deciding there was richer story fodder in the 1920s, when Montana was in a crisis that predated the Great Depression.

Question 134

tour of duty

Answer 134

**okres służby wojskowej; służba (przez kilka miesięcy, np. w obcym kraju)** …..…......................................…....................................... On Mr. Sheridan’s productions (which include non-“Yellowstone” shows like Sylvester Stallone’s “Tulsa King” and Jeremy Renner’s “Mayor of Kingstown”) most crew members have completed multiple **tours of duty**.

Question 135

to stand in for somebody

Answer 135

**zastępować kogoś (np. w pracy)** …..…......................................…....................................... Intense snow and polar-vortex temperatures bumped a handful of outdoor scenes into January, which producers now plan to shoot at a site near Los Angeles **standing in for** Montana.

Question 136

to prove one's point

Answer 136

**udowadniać swoje racje** …..…......................................…....................................... Orpea in France and the old Four Seasons group in England have **proved a point**: high leverage and care homes do not mix.

Question 137

net effect

Answer 137

**efekt finalny** …..…......................................…....................................... “They are rolling out the carpet for green investment — we were surprised at how personal the contact was,” says O’Riain, Ecocem’s founder and managing director. The “**net effect**” is that Ecocem, which qualifies for IRA funding on the basis that its cement is produced with carbon emissions that are 40 times lower than average, will “favour further investment in the States [rather] than in the EU”.

Question 138

reckoning

Answer 138

**liczenie (np. dni), kalkulowanie (np. odległości), rachowanie** …..…......................................…....................................... Cases like that of Ecocem are prompting a brutal **reckoning** in the EU, as heads of government prepare for a Brussels summit on February 9-10 aimed at figuring out how to respond to the massive subsidies and buy-America provisions being rolled out under the $369bn IRA.

Question 139

latitude

Answer 139

**swoboda, tolerancja** …..…......................................…....................................... But economic liberals in countries including Sweden and the Netherlands see a risk that Brussels will, in its rush to compete with the torrent of public cash available in the US and in China, end up “fragmenting” the single market by allowing big member states such as Germany and France even greater **latitude** to lavish cash on top companies.

Question 140

to concoct

Answer 140

**przyrządzać (pichcić); wymyślać** …..…......................................…....................................... Mark Rutte, Dutch prime minister, is among those warning that Europe must not “throw the baby [out] with the bathwater” as it attempts to **concoct** a convincing response to America’s legislation.

Question 141

off-chance

Answer 141

**niewielkie prawdopodobieństwo** …..…......................................…....................................... Jugemu is a tiny Japanese 20-seater on Winnett Street in Soho. I’ve wanted to go for ages, but I’ve been thwarted every time. It’s difficult to book and the one time I turned up on the **off-chance**, the place was inevitably closed, a note in Japanese stuck in the window.

Question 142

in absentia

Answer 142

**zaocznie, pod nieobecność** …..…......................................…....................................... Latacunga is also home to a prison where 27 inmates died in riots in 2021. It was here, in a jail run by drug gangs, that her 74-year-old husband was sent after being convicted **in absentia** of embezzlement.

Question 143

speed bump

Answer 143

**próg zwalniający (na drodze), garb** …..…......................................…....................................... It is hardly surprising that ad-supported networks are looking to diversify their sources of revenue. After years of non-stop growth the online-advertising business has hit a **speed bump**.

Question 144

mercurial

Answer 144

**nieprzewidywalny** …..…......................................…....................................... Twitter, which was bought last October by Elon Musk, a **mercurial** self-styled “technoking”, is “trending to breakeven” having previously faced bankruptcy, its owner tweeted this month.

Question 145

to whack

Answer 145

**zabić; wykończyć** …..…......................................…....................................... Having **whacked** the mobile ad business with new privacy rules, Apple and Google stand to profit from the resulting move to subscriptions.

Question 146

a sting in the tail

Answer 146

**łyżka dziegciu; pewien szkopół** …..…......................................…....................................... There may be **a sting in the tail**. Whereas Meta’s new service costs $11.99 for those signing up on the web, the price if paying via the app is $14.99.

Question 147

rustle

Answer 147

**szelest, szmer** …..…......................................…....................................... Compared with the attention heaped on Bob Iger’s return to the helm of Disney and the stepping back of Reed Hastings at Netflix, news on February 16th that Susan Wojcicki would resign from YouTube after nine years as CEO caused barely a **rustle** in the media pages.

Question 148

scribbler

Answer 148

**pisarzyna, pismak** …..…......................................…....................................... First, how little attention Wall Street analysts and entertainment industry **scribblers** pay to the business of YouTube, even though it has become a hub—as well as a byword—for global video. Second, how overshadowed it is by the teetering ramparts of its parent company.

Question 149

rampart

Answer 149

**mur obronny** …..…......................................…....................................... First, how little attention Wall Street analysts and entertainment industry scribblers pay to the business of YouTube, even though it has become a hub—as well as a byword—for global video. Second, how overshadowed it is by the teetering **ramparts** of its parent company.

Question 150

goings-on

Answer 150

**wydarzenia; to, co się dzieje** …..…......................................…....................................... Sundar Pichai, the tech giant’s beleaguered boss, is fighting wars on so many fronts, from Microsoft’s ChatGPT-inspired encroachment on Google search to trustbusters and the Supreme Court, that the **goings-on** at YouTube must seem like a sideshow.

Question 151

wkurzyć się, dostać szału

Answer 151

**to go ballistic** …..…......................................…....................................... Khloé made headlines in 2021 after a particularly unflattering, unfiltered photo of herself surfaced online. “She **went ballistic** over it,” the insider says of the image, which an assistant accidentally shared on a private account.

Question 152

przyznać się do czegoś

Answer 152

**to cop to something** …..…......................................…....................................... After initially lying about getting lip injections as a teen, Kylie finally **copped to** it, then turned her obsession into a business idea, making millions off of her Kylie Cosmetics lips kits and keeping her naturally thin pout over-plumped ever since.

Question 153

bez poczucia winy; nieskruszony

Answer 153

**unapologetic** …..…......................................…....................................... Kris is **unapologetic** about going under the knife. She had a face- and neck-lift in 2011 (“Kim used to call me gobble-gobble,” the momager said of one reason she had the surgery) and later admitted to having Botox, fillers, laser treatments and at least two breast augmentations.

Question 154

odtąd

Answer 154

**henceforth** …..…......................................…....................................... He then cites with approval the medieval Persian philosopher Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, whose very un-Western observation “would **henceforth** ring” in Mr. Kaplan’s ears: that a year of anarchy is worse than a hundred years of tyranny.

Question 155

na dodatek, na dokładkę

Answer 155

**for good measure** …..…......................................…....................................... Anarchy, Mr. Kaplan writes, was for the Greeks the “greatest, most fundamental fear.” Greek history—and Shakespeare, too, **for good measure**— is replete with examples of how a fear of chaos is often the most effective kind of wisdom.

Question 156

ostra samokrytyka

Answer 156

**self-flagellation** …..…......................................…....................................... “The Tragic Mind” is Mr. Kaplan’s 21st book and the only one he has written as an act of **self-flagellation**.

Question 157

dobrze komuś służyć, wychodzić komuś na dobre

Answer 157

**to work out well for somebody** …..…......................................…....................................... When it comes to understanding what happens to people as they go through life, pictures of entire lives—of the choices people make and the paths they follow, and how it all **works out for** them—are almost impossible to get.

Question 158

przystosowany (np. do życia)

Answer 158

**well-adjusted** …..…......................................…....................................... The first was a group of 268 sophomores at Harvard College, selected by Harvard professor of hygiene Arlie Bock because they were deemed likely to grow into healthy and **well-adjusted** adults. At least half of the young men chosen for the study attended Harvard with the aid of scholarships and by holding down jobs to help pay tuition, while others came from well-to-do families.

Question 159

utrzymać pracę

Answer 159

**hold down a job** …..…......................................…....................................... The first was a group of 268 sophomores at Harvard College, selected by Harvard professor of hygiene Arlie Bock because they were deemed likely to grow into healthy and well-adjusted adults. At least half of the young men chosen for the study attended Harvard with the aid of scholarships and by **holding down jobs** to help pay tuition, while others came from well-to-do families.

Question 160

zamożny

Answer 160

**well-to-do** …..…......................................…....................................... The first was a group of 268 sophomores at Harvard College, selected by Harvard professor of hygiene Arlie Bock because they were deemed likely to grow into healthy and well-adjusted adults. At least half of the young men chosen for the study attended Harvard with the aid of scholarships and by holding down jobs to help pay tuition, while others came from **well-to-do** families.

Question 161

podupadła część śródmieścia // the area near the centre of a city, especially when associated with social and economic problems

Answer 161

**inner-city** …..…......................................…....................................... When the researchers decided to combine the two studies, all of the **inner-city** and Harvard participants were interviewed.

Question 162

pozycja społeczna

Answer 162

**walk of life** …..…......................................…....................................... Over the following decades, these teenagers grew up into adults who entered all **walks of life**. They became factory workers and lawyers and bricklayers and doctors.

Question 163

za wszelką cenę; wszelkimi sposobami

Answer 163

**by hook or by crook** …..…......................................…....................................... **By hook and by crook**, the Harvard Study has maintained an 84% participation rate for 85 years.

Question 164

podkreślić coś, zaakcentować coś (np. czyjąś opinię na jakiś temat)

Answer 164

**to make a point of something** …..…......................................…....................................... Over and over again, when the participants in the Harvard Study reached their 70s and 80s, they would **make a point of** saying that what they valued most were theirrelationships with friends and family.

Question 165

wyszukiwać (informacje)

Answer 165

**to trawl** …..…......................................…....................................... Indulge me in a little exercise: Estimate how long you spend each week scrolling Instagram, reading news, streaming video, **trawling** Amazon and the like.

Question 166

wychowywać

Answer 166

**to rear** …..…......................................…....................................... The adage of **child-rearing**—the days are long but the years are short—shows how the lack of novelty plays a role.

Question 167

w mgnieniu oka

Answer 167

**in a flash** …..…......................................…....................................... The early days might have individually felt grueling, but later on you can’t remember every diaper change. When you look back, it seems like your kids grew up **in a flash**.

Question 168

specjalność (mocna strona)

Answer 168

**wheelhouse** …..…......................................…....................................... Many of these workers were newly hired under the mistaken assumption that booming pandemic demand would become the new normal. But a good percentage were legacy employees working on projects that, given today’s market environment, range from fiscally irresponsible to projects that fall well outside their parent company’s **wheelhouse**.

Question 169

to be true or correct

Answer 169

**to be so** …..…......................................…....................................... Reinventing the wheel **is so** last year. The best tech investments of 2023 might be companies content to spend their coin greasing it.

Question 170

w przyszłości

Answer 170

**going forward** …..…......................................…....................................... TikTok has spent an estimated $1.5 billion setting up the Oracle data center, moving code, and hiring and paying the third-party monitors, according to people familiar with the proposal. They said they expect such expenses to cost TikTok $700 million to $1 billion annually **going forward**, if TikTok reaches a deal.

Question 171

wykwintna kuchnia

Answer 171

**haute cuisine** …..…......................................…....................................... The difficulties of running a U.S. eatery, whether selling hot dogs or **haute cuisine**, are well known, yet hope continues to triumph over experience.

Question 172

restauracja, bar

Answer 172

**eatery** …..…......................................…....................................... The difficulties of running a U.S. **eatery**, whether selling hot dogs or haute cuisine, are well known, yet hope continues to triumph over experience.

Question 173

odsiew (eliminacja)

Answer 173

**shakeout** …..…......................................…....................................... Their struggles helped take some financial pressure off large chains, ranging from quick-serve ones such as McDonald’s or Yum Brands’ Taco Bell, to fast-casual operator Darden Restaurants’s Olive Garden or Dine Brands Global’s Applebee’s. The **shakeout** for Mom and Pop would have been even worse had many not been able to tap federal assistance.

Question 174

trudna sytuacja, niedola

Answer 174

**plight** …..…......................................…....................................... The killing of a former lawmaker highlights the **plight** of Afghan women.

Question 175

uodparniać, impregnować

Answer 175

**to proof** …..…......................................…....................................... How to jerk-**proof** a job search.

Question 176

zatwierdzać bez zastanowienia i przemyślenia

Answer 176

**to rubber stamp** …..…......................................…....................................... The dust-up comes a week after Disney replaced its board chair, Susan Arnold, with Nike Inc. Chairman Mark Parker, a move that Mr. Peltz has dinged as a **rubber stamp** for the return of Mr. Iger. Mr. Iger returned to Disney as CEO in November when the company’s board fired Bob Chapek from the top job.

Question 177

speak angrily to or criticize someone

Answer 177

**to ding** …..…......................................…....................................... The dust-up comes a week after Disney replaced its board chair, Susan Arnold, with Nike Inc. Chairman Mark Parker, a move that Mr. Peltz has **dinged** as a rubber stamp for the return of Mr. Iger. Mr. Iger returned to Disney as CEO in November when the company’s board fired Bob Chapek from the top job.

Question 178

ustąpić

Answer 178

**to let up** …..…......................................…....................................... Mr. Peltz didn’t **let up** even after Mr. Chapek’s firing in November, the Disney presentation said. That month, he met with Mr. Iger and Ms. McCarthy, and in December told Mr. Iger he would mount a proxy fight if not granted a board seat.

Question 179

szufladkować (kogoś)

Answer 179

**to tag** …..…......................................…....................................... In Mr. Peltz’s view, Disney overpaid for the assets and is now saddled with debt and absorption costs. Disney said on Tuesday the trio of acquisitions that preceded the Fox deal were similarly **tagged** as “overpaid.”

Question 180

planować coś długofalowo

Answer 180

**to take the long view** …..…......................................…....................................... “While we think that has provided incremental information to investors regarding the seasonality of the business, we have decided to cease providing monthly metrics to align our reporting cadence with our value of **taking the long view**,” Roblox said.

Question 181

zanurzony w czymś (np. w historii)

Answer 181

**steeped in something** …..…......................................…....................................... The prospect of failure was unbearable to executives **steeped in** founder Jeff Bezos’ doctrine of customer obsession, according to a former employee.

Question 182

skołować coś, skombinować coś

Answer 182

**to rustle up** …..…......................................…....................................... Worried about a second straight holiday season meltdown, Dave Clark, then Amazon’s head of worldwide operations, ordered his transportation team to **rustle up** some airplanes, fast, according to a former employee.

Question 183

czcić

Answer 183

**to hallow** …..…......................................…....................................... At the same time, its corporate values are **hallowed** within the company walls. “Jeff Bezos came down from the mountain with 12 leadership principles,” jokes a former staffer. They urge a “bias for action,” declaring that “speed matters” and “many decisions and actions are reversible and do not need extensive study.”

Question 184

wyrzucać z siebie, bluzgać (przekleństwami), wymiotować

Answer 184

**to spew** …..…......................................…....................................... But as the program continues to expand, some former employees say these costly, emission-**spewing** airplanes are often underfilled or are used to ship goods that could be carried more cheaply and efficiently by road.

Question 185

przeklinać

Answer 185

**to cuss** …..…......................................…....................................... Bigger song catalog brings less choice for some customers; ‘a lot of **cussing**’.

Question 186

w szybkim tempie

Answer 186

**hand over fist** …..…......................................…....................................... If one includes ESPN+, Disney’s sports streamer, and Hulu, its general entertainment platform, Disney has more streaming subscriptions even than Netflix, and a lot more than everyone else. Yet the streaming business is losing money **hand over fist**.

Question 187

bardzo głośny, ogłuszający (o muzyce)

Answer 187

**thumping** …..…......................................…....................................... Romantics ascribe cinema’s power to the magic of a shared experience, or to the sensory impact of a vast screen and **thumping** sound system.

Question 188

a rapid increase in demand for a service or product, usually following a period of subdued spending

Answer 188

**pent-up demand** …..…......................................…....................................... At its American properties Disney has harnessed **pent-up demand**, introducing airline-style pricing to charge more in busy periods.

Question 189

wymuszać, wyciskać (uzyskiwać coś od kogoś siłą)

Answer 189

**to wring** …..…......................................…....................................... Mr Iger is said to be more sympathetic to these concerns than Mr Chapek was, but until other parts of the business pick up, Disney will need to **wring** what money it can from its parks.

Question 190

niepasujący element

Answer 190

**the odd one out** …..…......................................…....................................... Gaming is a blind spot for Mr Iger, who wound up Disney’s gaming arm during his previous stint as chief executive. Today Disney licenses its brands to developers like Electronic Arts, which makes Star Wars and Marvel games, among others. With Netflix, Amazon and Apple now offering gaming subscriptions alongside video, Disney looks like **the odd one out**.

Question 191

przeciągać, przedłużać

Answer 191

**to drag out** …..…......................................…....................................... People close to Mr Iger say he did not plot his return and is unlikely to **drag out** his second act. That makes the search for a successor urgent, and there is no obvious heir. Meanwhile, the job is getting ever more demanding.

Question 192

prowizorka, doraźne rozwiązanie

Answer 192

**quick fix** …..…......................................…....................................... These always-on purchasers, as McKinsey has christened them, often shun a weekly shop for **quicker fixes** of everything from fashion to furniture.

Question 193

tu: rozkładać (w czasie)

Answer 193

**to spread** …..…......................................…....................................... Easy access to means of **spreading** payments may encourage splashing out.

Question 194

dobrze się trzymać

Answer 194

**be alive and well** …..…......................................…....................................... But Big Meat is still **alive and well**. After Beyond went public in 2019—at the time the most successful major initial public offering since the 2008 financial crisis — competitors rushed into the space, followed by a categorywide pandemic surge.

Question 195

fałszywy

Answer 195

**faux** …..…......................................…....................................... Under new CEO Peter McGuinness, Impossible has spun up new products such as animal‑shaped **faux** chicken nuggets and blitzed supermarkets, leading to more than 50% retail sales growth in the US in 2022.

Question 196

natrafić na ścianę (nie czynić postępów)

Answer 196

**to hit a brick wall** …..…......................................…....................................... While it has added restaurant partners, some of its long‑standing ones are finding consumer excitement has either **hit a wall** or is declining.

Question 197

nadgorliwy fan (celebryty)

Answer 197

**stan** …..…......................................…....................................... Plant‑based meat’s most reliable enthusiasts at this point are those original veggie burger **stan**s, vegans and vegetarians. The all‑important meat eaters do partake, but at a much lower frequency. “They’re just not that into it,” says Chris DuBois, head of IRI’s protein practice.

Question 198

wstrząsający, przerażający (np. o doświadczeniu)

Answer 198

**harrowing** …..…......................................…....................................... Another movie sneaked into the Oscars conversation at the last minute: “All Quiet on the Western Front,” the **harrowing** World War I film told from a German perspective that earned nine nominations.

Question 199

używane ubranie

Answer 199

**hand-me-down** …..…......................................…....................................... She’s also taken **hand-me-down** clothing and gear from her friends, and has no qualms about putting her daughter in her son’s old stained and stretched onesies.

Question 200

a type of splurge shopping that occurs after a frugal spending period

Answer 200

**revenge shopping** …..…......................................…....................................... People are also looking for luxury at more affordable price points in the secondhand market, Ms. Willersdorf says. “That’s allowing them to do more **revenge spending** than they have been doing before,” she says.

Question 201

sposób myślenia, stan umysłu; wolna głowa, czas na pomyślenie spokojnie

Answer 201

**headspace** …..…......................................…....................................... “What keeps me in a good **headspace** is that I am saving the money [on essentials] and I am still able to get the things that I want and make those sorts of splurges.

Question 202

jednoczęściowa piżama, body dziecięce

Answer 202

**onesie** …..…......................................…....................................... She’s also taken hand-me-down clothing and gear from her friends, and has no qualms about putting her daughter in her son’s old stained and stretched **onesies**.

Question 203

zbierać, zebrać (coś wspólnie), składać się na coś (np. na prezent)

Answer 203

**to pool** …..…......................................…....................................... This mutual influence along with the built-in financial accountability couples get when they **pool** their assets are partly why married couples have a financial advantage over their single counterparts, researchers say.

Question 204

dziewczyna, która ma to coś

Answer 204

**it girl** …..…......................................…....................................... Taylor Russel is pefectly positioned to become Hollywood's next **it girl**. But she has her eyes on a bigger prize.

Question 205

szkodnik (np. chwast, owad)

Answer 205

**pest** …..…......................................…....................................... They’re that **pest** at the office who destroys every Monday by recounting each unremarkable thing they did over the weekend. They’re that jerk who talks over everyone else at a dinner party while the rest of you fantasize about slipping hemlock into their pinot noir.

Question 206

na widoku

Answer 206

**in plain sight** …..…......................................…....................................... Another breakthrough in AI has just shaken up the tech world. This time, the machines are operating **in plain sight** — and they could finally be ready to follow through on the threat to replace millions of jobs.

Question 207

na zamówienie

Answer 207

**to order** …..…......................................…....................................... ChatGPT, a query-answering and text-generating system released at the end of November, has burst into the public consciousness in a way seldom seen outside the realm of science fiction. Created by San Francisco-based research firm OpenAI, it is the most visible of a new wave of so-called “generative” AI systems that can produce content **to order**.

Question 208

coś najbardziej prawdopodobnego według kogoś; coś, co wydaje się komuś najpewniejsze

Answer 208

**best guess** …..…......................................…....................................... They make their **best guess** based on probabilistic assumptions informed by studying mountains of data, with no real understanding of what they produce.

Question 209

wypluwać z siebie (słowa), bluzgać (przekleństwami)

Answer 209

**to spew out** …..…......................................…....................................... The system was quickly found to be **spewing out** believable-sounding but fake research on request, leading Facebook to withdraw the system days later.

Question 210

wygłaszać (mądrości), rozgadywać (się)

Answer 210

**to spout** …..…......................................…....................................... It learnt the hard way that chatbots can go rogue: its Tay bot had to be hastily withdrawn in 2016 after **spouting** racism and other inflammatory responses.

Question 211

działać wbrew uzgodnionemu scenariuszowi

Answer 211

**to go rogue** …..…......................................…....................................... It learnt the hard way that chatbots can **go rogue**: its Tay bot had to be hastily withdrawn in 2016 after spouting racism and other inflammatory responses.

Question 212

wyeliminować kogoś z rynku

Answer 212

**to price somebody out** …..…......................................…....................................... That could make it possible to produce professional-looking images from products sold by “smaller retailers and brands that are **priced out** of doing photoshoots for their goods.”

Question 213

przerażony, osłupiały (np. na widok czegoś)

Answer 213

**aghast** …..…......................................…....................................... Presented with songs written by ChatGPT to sound like his own work, singer and songwriter Nick Cave was **aghast**. “Songs arise out of suffering, by which I mean they are predicated upon the complex, internal human struggle of creation and, well, as far as I know, algorithms don’t feel,” he wrote online. “Data doesn’t suffer.”

Question 214

ogólne zasady

Answer 214

**ground rules** …..…......................................…....................................... According to a lawyer who represents two AI companies, everyone in the field has been braced for the inevitable lawsuits that will set the **ground rules**.

Question 215

sezon łowiecki

Answer 215

**open season** …..…......................................…....................................... Ultimately, it will take the courts to set the terms for the new era of AI — or even legislators, if they decide the technology breaks the old assumptions on which existing copyright law is based. Until then, as the computers race to suck up more of the world’s data, it is **open season** in the world of generative AI.

Question 216

uczyć pokory; poskromić, zniszczyć (silnego przeciwnika w sporcie)

Answer 216

**to humble** …..…......................................…....................................... **Humbled**: Eubank Jnr takes defeat well but it may have a long-term effect on his confidence.

Question 217

kasa, szmal

Answer 217

**dough** …..…......................................…....................................... For too long, “Beefy” – one of Britain’s most consistent highend active boxers – has been forced to travel the globe or settle into the role as the B-side to earn his **dough**.

Question 218

pozostałości czegoś, resztki czegoś

Answer 218

**the last of something** …..…......................................…....................................... David Haye’s efforts to strip his body of fat ahead of his rematch with Tony Bellew stole **the last of** his punch resistance as much as the blows his opponent landed upon him.

Question 219

nadzwyczajnie, skrajnie

Answer 219

**in the extreme** …..…......................................…....................................... How he copes in there now, knowing deep down that his opponent can not only hurt him but turn his legs to spaghetti, could be a sobering realisation **in the extreme**.

Question 220

kość niezgody

Answer 220

**bone of contention** …..…......................................…....................................... The prices for PPV shows have always been a **bone of contention** in America because they’re so exorbitant, but the UK is beginning to edge closer, and increasingly this is happening with shows that lack the historic quality or star billing that was once a requisite for an added price tag.

Question 221

przesuwać (w kierunku czegoś)

Answer 221

**to edge** …..…......................................…....................................... The prices for PPV shows have always been a bone of contention in America because they’re so exorbitant, but the UK is beginning to **edge** closer, and increasingly this is happening with shows that lack the historic quality or star billing that was once a requisite for an added price tag.

Question 222

mydlenie oczu, gra pozorów

Answer 222

**window-dressing** …..…......................................…....................................... There wasn’t any attempt to **windowdress** the undercard with competitive fights. That obviously helped to keep costs down, but it all offered scant return for viewers that stumped up for the event.

Question 223

połączyć kropki, poskładać w całość (dojść do logicznego wniosku)

Answer 223

**to join the dots** …..…......................................…....................................... The **dots weren’t joining** and only Fury’s star power could help it generate the numbers needed to make it worthwhile.

Question 224

naprzód!

Answer 224

**off you go!** …..…......................................…....................................... Then it’s **off to Saudi Arabia we go**, where money is limitless and Fury and Usyk can negotiate to receive the tens of millions of dollars they’d expect to make their fight.

Question 225

być w gorącej wodzie kąpanym, być porywczym

Answer 225

**to have a short fuse** …..…......................................…....................................... The firm’s boss, David Solomon, took over in 2018. A man with a **short fuse**, he has tried to rebrand himself and to renew the firm by expanding its core and diversifying into new areas.

Question 226

przewaga; władza

Answer 226

**whip hand** …..…......................................…....................................... Goldman has achieved digital scale by teaming up with Apple to provide a credit card. However, given that the tech giant has almost a billion paying subscribers, Apple holds the **whip hand** in that relationship.

Question 227

szacunek dla samego siebie

Answer 227

**self-regard** …..…......................................…....................................... Goldman’s culture of **self-regard** remains at odds with the facts. Instead it now needs to be selfcritical. For yesterday’s masters of the universe, that may be the hardest leap of all.

Question 228

oburzony

Answer 228

**indignant** …..…......................................…....................................... Rolling Stonewas far from the only critic of all this, but Goldman revelled in the attention. **Indignant** commentators marvelled at how it managed to mint money through good times and bad, often accusing it of ruthlessness or predation.

Question 229

pod innymi względami, w innych przypadkach

Answer 229

**in other respects** …..…......................................…....................................... The wild swings in asset markets in 2020 pumped up trading volumes; the roaring bull market of 2021 led to a surge in initial public offerings, mergers and acquisitions; in 2022, despite adverse conditions **in other respects**, Goldman’s bondtraders were able to capitalise on rising rates.

Question 230

ponieważ

Answer 230

**in that** …..…......................................…....................................... The comparison may be a little misleading, **in that** 2019 was the year that Goldman booked a $3bn fine for issuing billions of dollars of bonds for 1MDB, a Malaysian government investment fund, the proceeds of which promptly vanished. But returns in markets and investment banking climbed by around three percentage points from 2020 to 2022, which is nothing to be sneezed at.

Question 231

mieć coś w nosie

Answer 231

**to sneeze at something** …..…......................................…....................................... The comparison may be a little misleading, in that 2019 was the year that Goldman booked a $3bn fine for issuing billions of dollars of bonds for 1MDB, a Malaysian government investment fund, the proceeds of which promptly vanished. But returns in markets and investment banking climbed by around three percentage points from 2020 to 2022, which is nothing to be **sneezed at**.

Question 232

przegrany, słaby konkurent

Answer 232

**also-ran** …..…......................................…....................................... A similar strategy had worked wonders at Morgan Stanley, which in Goldman’s all-conquering era had been a perennial **also-ran**.

Question 233

beztroski; niefrasobliwy

Answer 233

**light-hearted** …..…......................................…....................................... Another thing that was supposed to change under Mr Solomon was Goldman’s corporate culture. Unlike his buttoned-up predecessors, he can be **light-hearted**. He once wore sweatpants to a meeting to woo the executives of Lululemon, the yoga-attire company.

Question 234

spotkanie, konferencja

Answer 234

**powwow** …..…......................................…....................................... Mr Solomon started inviting big investors to annual **powwows** in 2020—a common practice on Wall Street but a first for Goldman.

Question 235

imponujący, majestatyczny

Answer 235

**commanding** …..…......................................…....................................... Stand on the east side of the top floor of Goldman’s headquarters in lower Manhattan and you can look down on all of Wall Street. Despite the bank’s recent stumbles, its employees continue to enjoy the **commanding** view. But hardly anyone is looking up to them any more.

Question 236

zdołowany; spanikowany

Answer 236

**in a funk** …..…......................................…....................................... All the superlatives notwithstanding, it is equally hard not to recognise that Amazon finds itself **in something of a funk**.

Question 237

dokument, akt prawny

Answer 237

**deed** …..…......................................…....................................... The applicant signed the mortgage **deed**.

Question 238

siła charakteru, odwaga

Answer 238

**backbone** …..…......................................…....................................... You've got to have the **backbone** to stand up to him.

Question 239

maleć (o zyskach)

Answer 239

**to shrivel** …..…......................................…....................................... What is more, AWS is particularly vulnerable to **shrivelling** orders from startups, which tend to favour it over rivals such as Microsoft Azure.

Question 240

obwiniać kogoś za coś

Answer 240

**to lay something at somebody's door** …..…......................................…....................................... In the past four quarters Amazon lost $26bn in free cashflow (the money companies generate after deducting capital investments). Little of this can be **laid directly at Mr Jassy’s door**.

Question 241

choroba

Answer 241

**ailment** …..…......................................…....................................... Last year Amazon bought One Medical, a provider of primary care, and launched Amazon Clinic, which offers virtual consultations for more than 20 **ailments**.

Question 242

intrygant

Answer 242

**mischief-maker** …..…......................................…....................................... Languishing Silicon Valley stocks attract Wall Street’s **mischief-makers**.

Question 243

być do przewidzenia

Answer 243

**to be par for the course** …..…......................................…....................................... For bosses and boards, dealing with the odd activist shareholder is **par for the course**. Contending with a swarm of such gadflies is unusual.

Question 244

rozmaity

Answer 244

**odd** …..…......................................…....................................... For bosses and boards, dealing with the **odd** activist shareholder is par for the course. Contending with a swarm of such gadflies is unusual.

Question 245

osa (kąśliwa osoba); akcjonariusz, który pojawia się na zebraniach akcjonariuszy i zadaje kłopotliwe pytania

Answer 245

**gadfly** …..…......................................…....................................... For bosses and boards, dealing with the odd activist shareholder is par for the course. Contending with a swarm of such **gadflies** is unusual.

Question 246

przebiegać szybko wzrokiem przez coś

Answer 246

**to skim through something** …..…......................................…....................................... Many who have met Satya Nadella like him. For those who haven’t, a **skim through** his autobiography endorses the view that the boss of Microsoft is an intelligent, decent sort of person.

Question 247

oszołomiony czymś, upojony czymś

Answer 247

**giddy with something** …..…......................................…....................................... Once again Mr Nadella **is giddy with** “this-is-the-future” euphoria. On January 23rd Microsoft announced its third investment, estimated at $10bn, in OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT.

Question 248

jednorazowy wyczyn, chwilowy sukces; osoba o słomianym zapale

Answer 248

**a flash in the pan** …..…......................................…....................................... HoloLens was reportedly affected by the firm’s 10,000 recent layoffs. That said, ChatGPT is already so accessible and intuitive to use that it is hard to imagine it will be **a flash in the pan**.

Question 249

uważać na coś, brać coś pod rozwagę

Answer 249

**to pay heed to something** …..…......................................…....................................... Given the risk of an economic slowdown, which is cooling demand for Microsoft’s software and cloud services, investors have too many short-term concerns to **pay much heed** to Mr Nadella’s promises of AI-flavoured jam tomorrow.

Question 250

runda; rozgrywka

Answer 250

**inning** …..…......................................…....................................... First **innings**. In short, Microsoft has a valuable head start and Mr Nadella is loth to squander it. The big question, however, is not who will win. In these early days that would be like asking, at the dawn of the 19th century, who will come out top from the Industrial Revolution.

Question 251

opanowany; pod kontrolą

Answer 251

**contained** …..…......................................…....................................... Although they see the war in Ukraine as a humanitarian tragedy, the risks to the world economy look for now to be **contained**.

Question 252

kokietowanie

Answer 252

**charm offensive** …..…......................................…....................................... China’s Communist government has launched a **charm offensive**, signalling that the country is not just reopening after its harsh “zero-covid” regime but also reintegrating with the world. Globalisation may not be in the rudest of health, but news of its demise appears, to many bosses, exaggerated.

Question 253

tryskający zdrowiem

Answer 253

**in rude health** …..…......................................…....................................... China’s Communist government has launched a charm offensive, signalling that the country is not just reopening after its harsh “zero-covid” regime but also reintegrating with the world. Globalisation may not be in the **rudest of health**, but news of its demise appears, to many bosses, exaggerated.

Question 254

wyrzucić kogoś z pracy

Answer 254

**to give someone the boot** …..…......................................…....................................... Investment bankers got a particularly severe drubbing, as dealmaking collapsed amid economic uncertainty. Goldman Sachs is **giving around 3,200 of its workers the boot**.

Question 255

zmęczenie, znużenie, wyczerpanie

Answer 255

**weariness** …..…......................................…....................................... The first thing to which firms will be confessing is the **weariness** of consumers. In firms’ conference calls with analysts at the end of last year, many spoke of weak demand, as shoppers reined in spending on discretionary items.

Question 256

przyznawać się (do zrobienia czegoś)

Answer 256

**to own up** …..…......................................…....................................... As demand falters, firms are **owning up** to excessive costs—their second confession. Technology companies, which saw demand for their products slow last year from pandemic-induced highs, are doing so with special zeal.

Question 257

szybko załatwić nieprzyjemną sprawę, szybko się z czymś rozprawić

Answer 257

**rip the band-aid off** …..…......................................…....................................... It was time to **rip off the band-aid** and let them know what their situation was.

Question 258

szkodliwy, groźny

Answer 258

**pernicious** …..…......................................…....................................... “Hello lower gas prices, bye-bye recession,” cheered analysts at JPMorgan Chase, a bank, on January 18th, in a report on the euro zone. Nomura, a Japanese lender, has revised its forecast of Britain’s recession “to something less **pernicious** [than] what we originally expected”.

Question 259

rzadko, nieczęsto

Answer 259

**few and far between** …..…......................................…....................................... Over the past half century, as governments and central banks teamed up ever more closely to manage economic growth, recessions became **fewer and farther between**.

Question 260

wkupić się (w czyjeś łaski); wcisnąć się

Answer 260

**to worm one's way into** …..…......................................…....................................... Faith in government as a saviour in recessions has been **worming its way into** people’s minds for most of their lifetimes.

Question 261

rozczarowanie

Answer 261

**non-event** …..…......................................…....................................... Government bailouts in the pandemic came so fast and large that it felt to many people, particularly white-collar employees working from home, as if the recession never happened. Their incomes and credit scores went up. Their wealth exploded with rising stock and bond markets. Now this experience of recession as a **non-event** seems baked into the professional psyche.

Question 262

zacząć coś robić entuzjastycznie

Answer 262

**to get it on** …..…......................................…....................................... Let's **get it on**!

Question 263

rozkazywać, rządzić się

Answer 263

**to lay down the law** …..…......................................…....................................... My older sister is always **laying down the law** to us.

Question 264

krew w żyłach płynie szybciej

Answer 264

**juices flowing** …..…......................................…....................................... Overtures like that get my **juices flowing**.

Question 265

spojrzeć na coś w szerszym kontekście; z innej perspektywy; z dystansem

Answer 265

**to put things into perspective** …..…......................................…....................................... Surviving a plane crash **puts things into perspective**.

Question 266

tylko tyle (limitowana ilość)

Answer 266

**only so much / many** …..…......................................…....................................... There are **only so many** houses for sale on the market currently.

Question 267

rozmawiać o sprawach zawodowych

Answer 267

**to talk shop** …..…......................................…....................................... They had a business meeting and were **talking shop**.

Question 268

rynek płaski (z cenami zmieniającymi się w bardzo wąskich przedziałach)

Answer 268

**sideways market** …..…......................................…....................................... Up market, down market, **sideways market**.

Question 269

zgadzać się z

Answer 269

**I'm down with** …..…......................................…....................................... Well, whatever you decide to do, **I'm down with** you.

Question 270

gwałtowny

Answer 270

**steep** …..…......................................…....................................... America’s hoped-for Asian semiconductor pact faces **steep** odds.

Question 271

trudności, przeciwieństwa

Answer 271

**odds** …..…......................................…....................................... America’s hoped-for Asian semiconductor pact faces steep **odds**.

Question 272

oczekiwany

Answer 272

**hoped-for** …..…......................................…....................................... America’s **hoped-for** Asian semiconductor pact faces steep odds.

Question 273

rusztowanie

Answer 273

**scaffolding** …..…......................................…....................................... Motivational banners hang from its **scaffolding**: “Always smile”. White fences line the perimeter, dividing the rising steel structures from nearby cabbage and carrot fields. There is little to suggest that this is one of Asia’s most geopolitically significant building sites.

Question 274

taranować

Answer 274

**to ram** …..…......................................…....................................... The semiconductor industry is no stranger to geopolitical wrestling. By the 1980s Japan accounted for more than 50% of global semiconductor production. Wary of Japanese power, America **rammed** through a chip trade deal to the detriment of the Japanese industry.

Question 275

podążać za nowinkami; żyć na podobnej stopie życiowej, co sąsiedzi

Answer 275

**to keep up with the Joneses** …..…......................................…....................................... South Korea has passed support measures for its industry, in what is known colloquially as the “K-Chips Act”. The amounts on offer are piddling so far: an 8% tax credit for large firms’ investments in domestic facilities. But pressure to **keep up with the Joneses** is rising.

Question 276

błahy, mało znaczący

Answer 276

**piddling** …..…......................................…....................................... South Korea has passed support measures for its industry, in what is known colloquially as the “K-Chips Act”. The amounts on offer are **piddling** so far: an 8% tax credit for large firms’ investments in domestic facilities. But pressure to keep up with the Joneses is rising.

Question 277

drenaż

Answer 277

**hollowing-out** …..…......................................…....................................... Samsung and SK Hynix, the two biggest South Korean chip firms, are investing big in America. While that could make Korean firms more competitive, it could result in a “**hollowing-out**” of the South Korean semiconductor industry,

Question 278

ulżyć (w cierpieniu, bólu), koić (żal), zagłuszać (poczucie winy)

Answer 278

**to assuage** …..…......................................…....................................... Many in Taiwan fear TSMC’s sorties could reduce America’s incentive to defend Taiwan from China. The firm is keen to **assuage** the anxiety.

Question 279

poszczególny

Answer 279

**individual** …..…......................................…....................................... The vision of a “democratic semiconductor supply chain” is not implausible. But creating chip networks rather than fuelling chip wars will require careful coordination within **individual** governments, between allied governments and across public and private sectors.

Question 280

być w sytuacji, gdy coś może się wydarzyć

Answer 280

**stand to do something** …..…......................................…....................................... In part, Asian chipmakers worry about losing market share in China. Japanese semiconductor firms generate 20-30% of their business there, and **stand to** lose about 70% of it as a result of America’s curbs.

Question 281

zabrać się do czegoś, zacząć coś robić

Answer 281

**to get to something** …..…......................................…....................................... He just **got to** his homework.

Question 282

to do something much better than someone else

Answer 282

**to smash it out of the park** …..…......................................…....................................... Hotel Ferrero **knocks everyone out of the park** with their breakfast.

Question 283

ród, rodowód, pochodzenie

Answer 283

**lineage** …..…......................................…....................................... That’s not a typo; producers later changed the title after doing the math on the Dutton family’s fictional **lineage**, and deciding there was richer story fodder in the 1920s, when Montana was in a crisis that predated the Great Depression.

Question 284

okres służby wojskowej; służba (przez kilka miesięcy, np. w obcym kraju)

Answer 284

**tour of duty** …..…......................................…....................................... On Mr. Sheridan’s productions (which include non-“Yellowstone” shows like Sylvester Stallone’s “Tulsa King” and Jeremy Renner’s “Mayor of Kingstown”) most crew members have completed multiple **tours of duty**.

Question 285

zastępować kogoś (np. w pracy)

Answer 285

**to stand in for somebody** …..…......................................…....................................... Intense snow and polar-vortex temperatures bumped a handful of outdoor scenes into January, which producers now plan to shoot at a site near Los Angeles **standing in for** Montana.

Question 286

udowadniać swoje racje

Answer 286

**to prove one's point** …..…......................................…....................................... Orpea in France and the old Four Seasons group in England have **proved a point**: high leverage and care homes do not mix.

Question 287

efekt finalny

Answer 287

**net effect** …..…......................................…....................................... “They are rolling out the carpet for green investment — we were surprised at how personal the contact was,” says O’Riain, Ecocem’s founder and managing director. The “**net effect**” is that Ecocem, which qualifies for IRA funding on the basis that its cement is produced with carbon emissions that are 40 times lower than average, will “favour further investment in the States [rather] than in the EU”.

Question 288

liczenie (np. dni), kalkulowanie (np. odległości), rachowanie

Answer 288

**reckoning** …..…......................................…....................................... Cases like that of Ecocem are prompting a brutal **reckoning** in the EU, as heads of government prepare for a Brussels summit on February 9-10 aimed at figuring out how to respond to the massive subsidies and buy-America provisions being rolled out under the $369bn IRA.

Question 289

swoboda, tolerancja

Answer 289

**latitude** …..…......................................…....................................... But economic liberals in countries including Sweden and the Netherlands see a risk that Brussels will, in its rush to compete with the torrent of public cash available in the US and in China, end up “fragmenting” the single market by allowing big member states such as Germany and France even greater **latitude** to lavish cash on top companies.

Question 290

przyrządzać (pichcić); wymyślać

Answer 290

**to concoct** …..…......................................…....................................... Mark Rutte, Dutch prime minister, is among those warning that Europe must not “throw the baby [out] with the bathwater” as it attempts to **concoct** a convincing response to America’s legislation.

Question 291

niewielkie prawdopodobieństwo

Answer 291

**off-chance** …..…......................................…....................................... Jugemu is a tiny Japanese 20-seater on Winnett Street in Soho. I’ve wanted to go for ages, but I’ve been thwarted every time. It’s difficult to book and the one time I turned up on the **off-chance**, the place was inevitably closed, a note in Japanese stuck in the window.

Question 292

zaocznie, pod nieobecność

Answer 292

**in absentia** …..…......................................…....................................... Latacunga is also home to a prison where 27 inmates died in riots in 2021. It was here, in a jail run by drug gangs, that her 74-year-old husband was sent after being convicted **in absentia** of embezzlement.

Question 293

próg zwalniający (na drodze), garb

Answer 293

**speed bump** …..…......................................…....................................... It is hardly surprising that ad-supported networks are looking to diversify their sources of revenue. After years of non-stop growth the online-advertising business has hit a **speed bump**.

Question 294

nieprzewidywalny

Answer 294

**mercurial** …..…......................................…....................................... Twitter, which was bought last October by Elon Musk, a **mercurial** self-styled “technoking”, is “trending to breakeven” having previously faced bankruptcy, its owner tweeted this month.

Question 295

zabić; wykończyć

Answer 295

**to whack** …..…......................................…....................................... Having **whacked** the mobile ad business with new privacy rules, Apple and Google stand to profit from the resulting move to subscriptions.

Question 296

łyżka dziegciu; pewien szkopół

Answer 296

**a sting in the tail** …..…......................................…....................................... There may be **a sting in the tail**. Whereas Meta’s new service costs $11.99 for those signing up on the web, the price if paying via the app is $14.99.

Question 297

szelest, szmer

Answer 297

**rustle** …..…......................................…....................................... Compared with the attention heaped on Bob Iger’s return to the helm of Disney and the stepping back of Reed Hastings at Netflix, news on February 16th that Susan Wojcicki would resign from YouTube after nine years as CEO caused barely a **rustle** in the media pages.

Question 298

pisarzyna, pismak

Answer 298

**scribbler** …..…......................................…....................................... First, how little attention Wall Street analysts and entertainment industry **scribblers** pay to the business of YouTube, even though it has become a hub—as well as a byword—for global video. Second, how overshadowed it is by the teetering ramparts of its parent company.

Question 299

mur obronny

Answer 299

**rampart** …..…......................................…....................................... First, how little attention Wall Street analysts and entertainment industry scribblers pay to the business of YouTube, even though it has become a hub—as well as a byword—for global video. Second, how overshadowed it is by the teetering **ramparts** of its parent company.

Question 300

wydarzenia; to, co się dzieje

Answer 300

**goings-on** …..…......................................…....................................... Sundar Pichai, the tech giant’s beleaguered boss, is fighting wars on so many fronts, from Microsoft’s ChatGPT-inspired encroachment on Google search to trustbusters and the Supreme Court, that the **goings-on** at YouTube must seem like a sideshow.