Deck IV

Question 1

What nerves and vessels supply the ovary?

Answer 1

The ovarian artery/ vein and vagus nerves supply the ovaries. They are contained in the suspensory ligament of the ovary.

Question 2

From what embryological derivative does the spleen receive its blood supply?

Answer 2

The splenic artery is a derivative of the foregut (branch of the celiac trunk)

Question 3

From what embryologic tissue is the spleen derived?

Answer 3

Mesodermal dorsal mesentery.

Question 4

What bursa is most likely to be inflammed in a patient who spends a lot of time on his knees?

Answer 4

Prepatellar bursa

Question 5

What causes prepatellar bursitis?

Answer 5

Repeated kneeling.

Question 6

What rinne test result distinguishes a conductive hearing loss?

Answer 6

The affected ear is abnormal with bone conduction > air conduction.

Question 7

What rinne test result distinguishes a sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 7

Rinne test is normal in both ears where air conduction > bone conduction.

Question 8

What weber test result distinguishes a conductive hearing loss?

Answer 8

Weber test is localizes to the affected ear.

Question 9

What weber test result distinguishes a sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 9

Weber test localizes to unaffected ear.

Question 10

Describe the Weber and Rinne test results in a patient with conductive hearing loss.

Answer 10

Rinne test is abnormal with BC > AC in the affected ear. Weber test localizes to the affected ear.

Question 11

Describe the Weber and Rinne test results in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss.

Answer 11

Rinne test is normal in both ears where air conduction > bone conduction; Weber test localizes to the unaffected ear.

Question 12

Name six possible causes of conductive hearing loss.

Answer 12

Cerumen impaction, cholesteatoma, otosclerosis, external or middle ear tumors, tympanic membrane rupture, severe otitis media.

Question 13

Name four possible causes of sensorineural hearing loss.

Answer 13

Meniere’s disease, acoustic neuromas, presbycusis, ototoxic drugs (e.g. aminoglycosides)

Question 14

What embryologic structures fuse to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and superior 1/3 of the vagina?

Answer 14

Paramesonephric ducts.

Question 15

What conditions may occur if the paramesonephric ducts fail to fuse in a female?

Answer 15

Bicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys.

Question 16

What is the principle difference in location between a femoral hernia and an indirect/ direct hernia?

Answer 16

Direct and indirect inguinal hernias occur above the iinguinal ligament; femoral hernias are located below it.

Question 17

Describe the location of a femoral hernia?

Answer 17

Inferior to the inguinal ligament, lateral to the pubic tubercle, and medial to the femoral vein.

Question 18

Where is the maxillary sinus located?

Answer 18

Just below the orbital floor.

Question 19

In a patient with a high risk of PE, where is a surgical filter most likely to be placed?

Answer 19

In the IVC

Question 20

What structures are dissected in an emergency cricothyrodtomy procedure?

Answer 20

Superficial cervical fascia and cricothyroid membrane.

Question 21

When is a cricothyrotomy indicated?

Answer 21

When emergency airway is required and orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation is either unsuccessful or contraindicated.

Question 22

What strucures are inciced in a cricothyrotomy?

Answer 22

Skin; superficial cervical fascia; investing and pretracheal layers of the deep cervical fascia; cricothyroid membrane.

Question 23

What is the cause of death in all infants borh with bilateral renal agenesis?

Answer 23

Respiratory failure and renal failure within hours of birth.

Question 24

What is the clinical presentation of an injury to the common peroneal nerve from a proximal fibula fracture?

Answer 24

Loss of sensation of the dorsum of the foot and between the first and second digits of the foot; motor deficits resulting in a ‘foot drop’.

Question 25

What is a nursemaid’s elbow injury?

Answer 25

Radial head subluxation; the most common elbow injury in children.

Question 26

What is the pathology of a nursemaid’s elbow injury?

Answer 26

Torn and displaced annular ligament; painful only when attempts are made to move the elbow.

Question 27

Which nerve exits the pelvis through the obturator foramen?

Answer 27

The obturator nerve.

Question 28

What is the function of the obturator nerve?

Answer 28

To innervate the adductor compartment of the thigh (i.e. contributes to adduction of the thigh)

Question 29

What is the consequence of improper fusion of the maxillary prominence with the medial nasal prominence during embryonic development?

Answer 29

Cleft lip.

Question 30

What causes cleft palate?

Answer 30

Failure of palatine shelves of the maxillary prominence to fuse with one another or with the primary palate.