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Chapter 1-9 > Deck 8: Chapter 4 definitions > Flashcards

Deck 8: Chapter 4 definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Hooke’s law

A

The force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance.

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2
Q

What are the units of stress?

A

Nm^-2 also known as pascal, pa for short.

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3
Q

What is the equation for stress?

A

Force ______ area

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4
Q

What are the several types of stress?

A

Tension(stretching),compression,torsion(twisting)

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5
Q

Unit for strength?

A

Pa

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6
Q

What is the definition for strong?

A

A large stress is needed to cause failure.

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7
Q

What is the definition for strength?

A

The maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.

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8
Q

What is the definition for weak?

A

Little stress needed to cause failure.

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9
Q

What are the units for toughness?

A

J/m^2

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10
Q

What is toughness?

A

1)Needs a large amount of energy to break it.2)Undergoes a large amount of plastic deformation before breaking.3)Resists crack propagation.

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11
Q

What is toughness defined as strictly?

A

1)The energy required to create a new surface area,units are J/m^22)The energy absorbed per unit volume,units are j/m^3

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12
Q

What is a brittle materials?

A

Does not undergo much plastic deformation, the break soon after elastic limit.2)Cracks pass easily through the material and fracture tends to be sudden and catastrophic.However,brittle materials can strong.

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13
Q

What are hard materials?

A

Materials that are resistive to dents or scratches.Units are Pa

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14
Q

What is the definition of elastic?

A

Changes shape when stress is applied but returns to its original shape when stress removed.

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15
Q

What is the definition of plastic?

A

Does not return to its original shape after deformation. Plastic deformation is a permanent change of shape.

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16
Q

What is meant by ductile?

A

Can be easily drawn into a wire.

17
Q

What is meant by malleable?

A

Can easily be hammered or pressed into shape.

18
Q

What is Stress defined as?

A

Defined as the force per unit area acting perpendicular to the area.Stress is also said to be a measure of how strong a material is?

19
Q

definition of strain

A

Defined as the change per unit length.Strain is a ratio so there’s no unit.Stress causes strain.Putting pressure on an object causes it to stretch.Strain is a measure of how much an object is being stretched.

20
Q

Equation for strain is?

A

extension/original length

21
Q

define young modulus

A

When a material undergoes stress,provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded, the value of stress/strain is constant this value is known as the young modulus of elasticity of the material.

22
Q

What is the young modulus equation?

A

E=Stress/strain

23
Q

define elastic.

A

The young modulus is constant,so the material is obeying hookes law. So after the stress stops the material will go back to its original shape.

24
Q

what is yield?

A

The point at which the metal becomes permanently deformed.

25
Q

What is UTS?

A

Ultimate tensile strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking.

26
Q

What is the yield strength?

A

The stress at which an elastic material under increasing stress ceases to behave elastically.

27
Q

what is stiffness defined as?

A

The measure of the difficulty of stretching or bending an object.

28
Q

What happens when light enters glass?

A

Light slows down when it enters glass and speeds up again as it leaves. The wave fronts are closer together in glass than in air.

29
Q

How do you work out the refractive index of glass?

A

Speed of light in a vacuum / speed of light in glass.

30
Q

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

A

3 x 10^8 m/s

31
Q

How can you make glass invisible? and explain why?

A

If you immerse glass in some clear oil, if the oil and glass have the same refractive index,the glass will be virtually invisible. This is because the two refractive indexes

Chapter 1-9 (16 decks)

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