Deck 5

Question 1

Volatility

Answer 1

Volatility is the ease that a liquid turns into a gas. Volatility increases as boiling point decreases.

Question 2

Reflux

Answer 2

Reflux is the continual boiling and condnesing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without contents of the flask boiling dry.

Question 3

Esterification

Answer 3

Esterification is the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.

Question 4

Dehydration

Answer 4

Dehydration is an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

Hydrolysis is a reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.

Question 6

Nucleophilic substitution

Answer 6

Nucleophilic substitution is a type of substitution reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 7

A limiting reagent

Answer 7

A limiting reagent is the substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first.

Question 8

%yield=

Answer 8

actual amount,in mol, of product / theoretical amount,in mol, of product x 100

Question 9

atom economy=

Answer 9

molecular mass of the desired product/ sum of molecular masses of all products x 100

Question 10

Molecular ion

Answer 10

Molecular ion is the positive ion formed in mass spectrometry when a molecular loses an electron.

Question 11

Fragmentation

Answer 11

Fragmentation is the process in mass spectrometry that causes a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positive fragment ion.

Question 12

A radical

Answer 12

A radical is a species with an unpaired electron

Question 13

An electrophile

Answer 13

An electrophile is an electron pair acceptor.

Question 14

A nucleophile

Answer 14

A nucleophile is an electron pair donor.