Deck 3 N-S Flashcards
APPROACH activities that are implemented in response to a specific performance gap.
Needs-based approach
PROGRAMMING a style of communication and behavior change management based on observations and analyses of unconscious physical behaviors that identify patterns of feeling and thought.
Neurolinguistic Programming
DATA numbers or variables used to classify a system, as in digits in a telephone number or numbers on a football player’s jersey.
Nominal Data
DISTRIBUTIONa particular way in which observations tend to pile up around a particular value rather than be spread evenly across a range of values.
Normal Distribution
target or purpose that, when combined with other …….. leads to a goal.
Objective
What are the three types of objectives
Behaviorial, Affective, Learning
OBJECTIVE The type of objective that specifices the particular new behavior that an individual should be able to perform after training.
Behavioral objectives
OBJECTIVE The type of objective that specifies the acquisition of particular attitudes, values, or feelings.
Affective objectives
OBJECTIVE he type of objective that specify clear, measurable, statements of behavior that a learner demonstrates when the training is considered a success.
Learning Objectives
XXXXX CENTERED a behaviorism-based theory of instruction that concentrates on observable and measurable outcomes.
Objective Centered
occurs when participants are directed to view or witness an event and be prepared to share their reflections, reactions, data, or insights. This also is a methodology for data collection.
Observation
MODEL seeks to match individuals to their best career choice through interviews that deal with six types of work environments: realistic (physical strength motor coordination, concrete problem solving), investigative (ideas and thoughts, intellectual activity), artistic (less personal interaction, self-expression), social (interaction with others), enterprising (use of verbal and social skills), and conventional (rules and regulations).
Occupational Congruency Model
XXXXXXX DEVELOPMENT the process of developing an organization to be more effective in achieving it business goals. XX uses planned interventions to develop the systems, structures, and process within the organization to improve effectiveness.
OD (Organization Development)
XXXXX CENTEREDa developmentalism-based theory of instruction that focuses on matching individual needs to appropriate instructional experiences. ………….instruction is particularly useful for helping employees adapt to changes in their work lives.
Opportunity Centered
XXXXXXXX EXERCISES differ from icebreakers in that they introduce or tie in to the subject matter being taught. …….. set the stage to avoid abrupt starts and generally make participants comfortable with the formal program they’re about to experience. ……….may also energize the group after coffee breaks and luncheons and can be used to open sessions that occur on the second or third day of the program.
Openers also called Opening Exercises
QUESTIONS
These types of question stimulate discussion. XXXXXXXXX questions have no one specific correct answer and encourage individuals to draw on their own experiences and apply them to the current situation or discussion.
Open-Ended questions
TECHNOLOGY allows a diverse group of people to create energizing and productive meetings. xxxxxxxx meetings ensure that all issues and ideas that people are willing to raise are discussed.
Open Space Technology
SYSTEM based on the idea that things influence each other, or that groups of people (in an organization) learn from one another.
Open System
THEORY also known as living or general systems theory, is based on the idea that things influence each other, or that groups of people (in an organization) learn from one another.
Open Systems Theory
FACTORS factors which relate to whether the performer is actually able or allowed to do the job. If the person is constantly bogged down with tasks that do not support organizational goals, he or she may never have the time to get to the work that does support those goals.
Opportunity Factors
DATA numbers or variables that allow ranking order of importance from highest to lowest
Ordinal Data
VARIABLES variables that make it possible to rank order items measured in terms of which has less and which has more of the quality represented by the variable.
Ordinal variables
The type of analysis which is the first step in developing a strategic plan, which begins with the identification of the values critical to the organization.
Organizational Analysis
CULTURE the unspoken pattern of values that guide the behavior of the people in an organization, including attitudes and practices that can be difficult to change.
Organizational Culture
a data point that’s far removed in value from others in the data set.
OUtlier
TRAINING to using resources or products external to an organization to meet an organization’s learning requirements.
Outsource Training
an informal philosophy of teaching that focuses on what the instructor does rather than what the participants learn. Usually references the teaching of children.
Pedagogy
, a theory developed by W.B. James and M.W. Galbraith,
Perceptual Modality
the attendant preferred mode of learning may be print, visual, aural, interactive, tactile, kinesthetic, or olfactory.
Perceptual Modality
describes the execution and accomplishment of some activity; it is not an adjective that describes the action itself.
Perfromance
ANALYSIS measures the gap between an organization’s desired and actual performance.
Performance Analysis
ANALYSIS identifies and describes past, present, and potential future human performance gaps
Performance Gap Analysis
INSTRUMENT provides an accurate picture of a person’s personality type and indicates personality preferences.
Personality Inventory Instrument
TEST a less formal and less accurate version of a personality inventory instrument.
Personality Test
cHART a diagramming technique that enables project managers to estimate a range of task
durations by estimating the optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely durations for each task.
PERT Chart
well-known evaluation expert who has developed a fifth level of evaluation, ROI, in training programs
Jack Philips
a mini software application that enables a person to view or play audio or video clips delivered via the web. The term is important in the world of web-delivered multimedia audio and video because all content delivered this way requires a plug-in.
Plug-in
ANALYIS Analysis used to analyze the demographics and characteristics of stakeholders; determine who will participate in a performance solution; and identify any education or experience factors,
physical needs, and cultural influences that need to be considered and addressed.
Population Analysis
MAP a visual tool used to systematically describe actions and behaviors in a sequential flow.
Process Map
EVALUATION What type of evaluation assesses the impact of a training program on learning.
Program Evaluation
CYCLE everything that happens from the beginning to the end of the project.
Project Life Cycle
MANAGEMENT What type of management the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of resources for a finite period of time to complete specific goals and objectives.
Project Management
SCOPE what will or won’t be done on the project. xxxxxxxxxx management includes the processes needed to complete all required work (and only the required work) so that the project is completed successfully.
Project Scope
PROPOSITIONWhat type of proposition is a statement that bridges the best of “what is” with speculation or intuition of “what might be.” It is xxxxxxx to the extent to which it stretches the realm of the status quo, challenges common assumptions or routines, and helps suggest real possibilities that represent desired possibilities for the organization and its people.
Provocative Proposition
is the relationship of people’s positions in space. For example, anthropologist Edward T. Hall defined four differences between adults in the United States: intimate (18 inches), personal (18 inches to four feet), social (four to 12 feet), and public (more than 12 feet). As Hall and others have explained, when people believe someone is too close, they feel threatened; however, they don’t like the company of someone who seems standoffish.
Proxemics
Who defined the four distances in proxemics?
Edward T. Hall
THEORY the theory behind the tool which is used to help predict career success, choice, and behavior by identifying what motivates individuals and the internal conflicts that exists in all human beings.
Psychodynamic Theory
ANALYSIS What type of analysis involves looking at participants’ opinions, behaviors, and attributes and is often descriptive.
Qualitative Analysis
DATA What type of data is information that can be difficult to express in measures or numbers.
Qualitative Data
ASSIGNMENT the process of assigning the sample that’s drawn to different groups or treatments in the study. Type of assignment
Random Assignment
SAMPLING means that each person in the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample. Choosing every tenth person from an alphabetical list of names, for example, creates a random sample.
Random Sampling
SELECTION the selection process of drawing the sample of people for a study from a population.
Random Selection
a method that helps diffuse the covariates across the experimental and control groups. Researchers in organizations often have multiple dependent variables to deal with but typically want to compare one dependent variable with one independent variable (for example, performance in a training program—an independent variable—with job performance—a dependent variable).
Randomization
SYSTEM stores data in the form of tables linked by a unique identifier.
Relational Database Management System
LINE the best-fitting straight line through all value pairs of correlation coefficients.
Regression Line
the ability to achieve consistent results from a measurement over time.
Reliability
PLANNING a process to ensure the continuity of key leadership positions and the stability of tenure of an organization’s personnel.
Replacement Planning
ANALYSIS A type of analysis thatreviews the human resources (including subject matter experts) needed for proposed interventions to determine if the skills required for the intervention(s) are available in house or if an external vendor may need to be procured. It also identifies the physical resources, systems, and equipment to support implementation of the intervention(s) and the availability of required facilities
Resource or Constraints Analysis
the goals an organization strives for.
REsults
APPROACH A type of approach that driven by a business need and a performance need and must also be justified by the results of the cause analysis.
Results based approach
DESIGN a collection of strategies for quickly producing instructional packages to enable a group of learners to achieve a set of specific instructional objectives.
Rapid Instructional Design (RID
OCCUPATION A theory that breaks occupations down into eight groups of service and six decision levels and is the basis for a number of tests to help determine best career choice based on interests.
Roe’s Theory of Occupation
a ratio of the benefit or profit received from a given investment to the cost of the investment itself. It constitutes accountability for training programs.
ROI
an activity in which participants act out roles, attitudes, or behaviors that are not their own to practice skills or apply what they have learned. Often an observer provides feedback to those in character.
Role Play
ANALYSIS An analysis used to determine why a performance gap exists and identify the contributing factors.
Root Cause Analysis
MODEL creates a three- dimensional approach and by labeling and describing the three distinct parts of an organization’s performance system: the organization level, the
process level, and the job or performer level.
Rummler-Brache’s Nine Performance Variables Model
refers to the work or deliverables that are added to a project but were neither part of the project requirements nor added through a formal requirement change.
Scope creep
a collection of code containing instructions for a computer to perform a specific action.
Scripting
the machine where e-learning instruction is hosted.
Server
LEARNING individualized, or self-paced learning that generally refers to programs that use a variety of delivery media, ranging
from print products to web-based systems. It can also refer to less formal types of learning, such as team learning, knowledge management systems, and self-development programs.
Self Directed Learning (SDL)
TEAMS A type of work team combine the best aspects of the independent craft worker with mass production. They integrate the craft worker’s intimate knowledge of a task with all the advantages of standardization. Such teams provide an organizational structure that puts the employees in control of achieving their goals.
Self-Directed Work Teams
BIAS the error of distorting a statistical analysis by pre- or postselecting the samples.
Selection Bias
A model that postulates that communication between two people goes through each person’s filters.
Sender-Receiver Model
means probably true (not caused by chance) in statistics.
Significant
INVENTORY adapted the Myers- Briggs Type Indicator to create a spectrum of four distinct learning styles: sensing-thinking (ST), intuitive-thinking (NT), sensing-feeling (SF), and intuitive-feeling (NF).
Silver and Hanson Learning Style Inventory
an exercise with a simplified form of a real-life situation so that participants can practice making decisions and analyze results of those decisions.
Simulation
LEARNING a type of learning in which people learn and use new skills for necessary but incremental change.
Single-Loop Learning
METHODOLAGY A methodology that is a process-improvement strategy and measure of quality that strives for near perfection. xxxxxxx is a disciplined, data- driven methodology for eliminating defects (driving toward six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in a process. The fundamental objective of the Six Sigma methodology is the implementation of a measurement-based strategy that focuses on process improvement and variation reduction through the application to projects
Six Sigma Mothodoloy
asymmetry in the distribution of sample data values.
Skewness
a person who has extensive knowledge and skills in a particular subject area.
SME
a nickname for the instructor and class training evaluation forms used in Level 1 evaluations.
Smile Sheet
SAMPLE A type of sample that means that when one employee mentions resources and people who have knowledge, researchers talk with those employees, find more resource names and information, and so on.
Snowball Sample
DATA What type of data isqualitative measures are more intangible, anecdotal, personal, and subjective, as in opinions, attitudes, assumptions, feelings,
values, and desires. Qualitative data can’t be objectified, and that characteristic makes this type of data valuable.
Soft Data
RELIABILITY a type of test reliability in which one test is split into two shorter ones.
Split-half Reliability
a commonly used measure or indicator of the amount of variability of scores from the mean. The xxxxxxxxxx is often used in formulas for advanced or inferential statistics.
Standard Deviation
PLANNING the process that allows an organization to identify its aspirations and future challenges, clarify and gain consensus around a business strategy, communicate the strategy throughout the organization, align departments and personal goals with the overarching organizational strategy, and identify and align strategic initiatives. Often combined with long-term (five-to-ten year) planning initiatives, the process typically involves a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. (See also SWOT.)
Strategic planning
SAMPLING dividing the population into constituent parts, and then choosing sample members randomly from the constituent parts. This method provides a more representative sample than the random sample. For example, dividing the population into age groups (10–20, 21–
30, 31–40, and so forth) and then randomly choosing people from each age group creates a stratified random sample.
Strtatified Random Sampling
MENTORING TYPE time limited and focused on the protégé’s acquisition of a particular skill set and on specific behavioral objectives
sTructured Mentoring
CENTERED a pedagogy-based instructional approach. XXXXXXXX instruction focuses on what will be taught as opposed to learner- related characteristics. xxxxxxxxxx instruction focuses on learner acquisition of information.
Subjective centered
PLANNING the process of identifying key positions, candidates, and employees to meet the challenges that an organization faces during change and over short-term and long-term timeframes
Succession Planning
FRAMEWORK a career development theory developed by D.E. Super based on the idea that careers move through five distinct phases from childhood through adulthood
Super Developmental Framework
collect the type of information employees have as well as the type of information they need to do their jobs.
Surveys
EVALUATION A type of evaluation that begins to summarize results based on immediate reaction of intervention implementation
Summative Evaluation
an analysis tool used in strategic planning to establish environmental factors from within and outside an organization
SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats)
TRAINING a type of training referring to a scenario that involves the trainer and the learner participating at the same time. It often refers to electronic or web-based training.
Synchronous Training
LIFE CYCLE an organizational process of developing and maintaining systems. It helps in establishing a system project plan and lists the processes and subprocesses required to develop a system.
System Development Life Cycle
TEST A type of test that is are conducted with real data. If the outputs of the test don’t match the specifications, errors are identified and corrected.
System Test
THINKING A type of thinking thatencompasses the whole, making patterns (and ways to change them) more understandable.
Systems Thinking
