Deck 3 Flashcards
What medications cause facial flushing, n/v, and headaches after ethanol consumption?
Metronidazole “disulfiram like reaction”
Disulfiram
Inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and causes accumulation of acetaldehyde
What is the most sensitive method for determining pregnancy?
Serum B-hcG
What day after fertilization can you detect serum B-hcG? Urine B-hcG?
Day 8 (day 6 = implantation) Urine B-hcG at 14 days
Symptoms for stroke in anterior cerebral artery?
contralateral sensory and motor deficits in lower limbs, urinary incontinence, behavioral changes
Symptoms of stroke in MCA?
Contralateral sensory and motor deficits in face, hands, arms, Broca’s aphasia, spacial neglect (parietal lobe), conjugate gaze toward the side of the stroke
What is cutaneous small vessel vasculitis? How do you get it?
Vasculitis only affecting skin causing nonblanching palpable purpura
Use of medications like penicillin, cephalosporin, allopurinol
Perivascular inflammation of small vessels with fibrinoid necrosis and neutrophil predominance
Where is resistance greatest in airways?
Medium sized bronchi and segmental bronchi (generations 2-5) due to turbulent airflow
MOA terbinafine?
Inhibits squalene epoxidase and inhibits synthesis of ergosterol for cell membrane
What antifungals bind ergosterol?
Ampho B and nystatin
Which antifungals blocks B-D-glucan?
Echinocandins (caspofungin) inhibit cell wall synthesis
Which antifungals disrupt microtubule mitotic spindle?
Griseofulvin
How does flucytosine work?
Antimetabolite antifungal transormed into 5-FU. Replaces uracil with 5-FU. Used for systemic infections
What are CAAT and TATA sequences?
Promotors for DNA transcription and RNA polymerase II binding site
Why does PAH excretion levels plateau?
Due to carrier protein saturation
MOA ezetimibe?
Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption, decreasing level of cholesterol in liver, liver then compensates by increasing LDL and drawing cholesterol out of circulation
What do hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lung interstitium indicate?
Chronic pulmonary hypertension and congestion. Often secondary to CHF, transudative material and RBC leak into air spaces and cause pulmonary edema
MOA pyridostigmine?
Long acting AchE inhibitor
What is Tensilon test?
Edrophonium (short acting AchE inhibitor) improves symptoms of MG. Indicates Myasthenic Crisis.
How does Chonlinergic Crisis present in MG?
Muscle weakness, however edrophonium won’t work because AchE already inhibited.
Tx discontinue AchE
What medications reduce alcohol cravings? MOA?
Naltrexone
Blocks mu-opiod receptor and decreases pleasure when drinking
First line for alcohol misuse disorder
How does UV damaged DNA get repaired?
Nucleotide excision repair via endonuclease
UV specific endonuclease nicks damaged DNA
Then DNA polymerase synthesizes the excised portion and DNA ligase glues them back together
What structures are proximal to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum?
1st- pylorus of stomach (only part that is not retroperitoneal)
2nd- head of pancreas
3rd- uncinate of pancreas, IVC, and superior mesenteric artery***
What type of cells are involved in contact dermatitis?
cytotoxic CD8+ cells
CD4+ help by activating macrophages
What type of antibodies present in Goodpasture syndrome?
Antibodies against Alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen (anti-GBM)
What type of renal disease does Goodpasture syndrome cause?
RPGN
What if a patient presents with thyrotoxicosis but has low thyroglobulin levels?
Exogenous intake of thyroid hormone
What will thyroid show on histology with exogenous thyroid intake?
Diffuse atrophy of follicles with decreased colloid suppression of thyroid activity (suppression of TSH)
What disorder occurs as a result of defective excretion of bilirubin glucuronides?
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Random episodes of jaundice, esp with times of stress or illness. No other symptoms. What is it? What do labs show?
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Increased direct bilirubin levels
Black liver from accumulation of norepinephrine in lysosomes
MOA cromolyn for asthma?
Inhibits mast cell degranulation
Effects of cholingergics on body?
Pupillary constriction Vasodilation Decreased heart rate Flushing, diaphoresis N/v, increased smooth muscle tone Bronchoconstriction
Bethanecol is an example
What is the MOA for carbachol and pilocarpine?
Cholinergic agonists that lower IOP. Induce miosis by causing iris to move further from cornea (pupil constriction)
SE of cholinergic agonists?
non-obstructive urinary retention N/v diarrhea dyspnea increased lacrimation, sweating, and salivation
What structure does ductus arteriosus come from embryologically
6th arch along with pulmonary arteries
What are aortic vascular derivatives of 1st - 6 arches?
1st maxillary artery
2nd hyoid and stapes artery
3rd common carotid and internal carotid
4th aortic arch and R subclavian
6th pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus
Which blot is used for testing whether mRNA is being transcribed?
Northern blot
What does Western blot test for?
protein expression
What does southern blot test for?
DNA bound protein
WHat do nucleated erythrocytes and extramedullary erythropoesis mean in newborn?
Release of immature RBC, from profound anemia possibly caused by Rh sensitization
Which areas of the brain are most susceptible when there is Vfib causing global ischemia?
Hippocampus and watershed zones between 2 cerebral arteries, pyamidal cells, purkinje fibers
What is the most common cause for lobar hemorrhages?
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Usually affects occipital and parietal lobes
