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AP/College Biology - 500 > Deck 3 > Flashcards

Deck 3 Flashcards

1
Q

echinoderms have blank so they can change shape and drop body parts

A

mutable collagenous tissue

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2
Q

papulae are the same as

A

tube feet

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3
Q

there are more than blank extinct classes of echinoderms

A

20

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4
Q

there are five classes of echinoderms and they are

A

asteroidea, crinoidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea, ophiuroidea

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5
Q

this class of echinoderm includes seas stars and sea daisies

A

asteroidea

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6
Q

this class of echinoderms includes sea lillies and feather stars

A

crinoidea

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7
Q

this class of echinoderms includes sea urchins and sand dollars

A

echinoidea

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8
Q

this class of echinoderms includes sea cucumbers

A

holothuroidea

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9
Q

this class of echinoderms includes brittle stars

A

ophiuroidea

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10
Q

The chordates nearest relative is the blank

A

echinoderms

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11
Q

Five features characterize chordates and they are

A

nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail, endostyle

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12
Q

turned into the spinal cord

A

nerve cord

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13
Q

turgid cord of cells wrapped with connective tissue that turned into the spinal column

A

notochord

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14
Q

gill arches that form bones in ears

A

pharyngeal slits

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15
Q

manages iodine metabolism and turns into the thyroid gland

A

endostyle

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16
Q

three subphyla of the chordata phylum

A

cephalochordata, urochordata, vertebrata

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17
Q

subphylum of chordata that have all chordate characteristics throughout lifetime but no anterior sense organs or brain

A

cephalochordata

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18
Q

oldest chordate which was a cephalochordate

A

pikaia

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19
Q

subphylum of chordata that includes tunicates and are marine animals with tadpolelike larvae and adults typically lose the tail, nerve chord, and notochord

A

urochordata

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20
Q

urochordata often secrete a blank which is a cellulose sac that surrounds the animal

A

tunic

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21
Q

subphylum of chordates that includes vertebrates and an endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone

A

vertebrata

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22
Q

chordates with a spinal column

A

vertebrates

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23
Q

most diverse vertebrate group including half of all vertebrates

A

fishes

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24
Q

five characteristics of fishes

A

vertebral column, jaws and paired appendages, internal gills, single loop blood circulation, nutritional deficiencies

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25
the first fishes had blank but no blank
mouths, jaws
26
first fishes that had bony plates and are now extinct
ostracoderms
27
first fishes that have no jaws that still exist today
hagfish and lampreys
28
the development of jaws occurred in the late blank period
silurian
29
fishes were the first vertebrates to develop blank
teeth
30
these two things make up shark scales and all teeth
dentin and enamel
31
fishes have a blank system that is a series of sensory organs under the skin that detects changes in pressure waves
lateral line
32
first jawed fish came about during the blank perdio
devonian
33
first jawed fish that was spiny
acanthodii
34
first jawed fish that were armored
placodermi
35
in this period, sharks became the dominant sea predators
carboniferous
36
chondro means
cartilage
37
ichthyes means
fish
38
the most species rich group of all vertebrates
bony fishes
39
a gas filled sac that allows bony fishes to regulate their buoyant density
swim bladder
40
a hard plate that covers the gills
operculum
41
the felxing of this permits water pumping over the gills
gill cover
42
group of bony fishes that are ray finned and there are no muscles in the fins
actinopterygii
43
group of bony fishes that are lobe finned and have paired fins that consist of a long fleshy muscular lobe
sarcopterygii
44
sarco means
flesh
45
damp skinned vertebrates and were the first vertebrates to walk on land
amphibians
46
Three adaptations of amphibians
legs, lungs, system to prevent desiccation
47
amphibians reproduce where?
H2O
48
this word means "drying out"
desiccation
49
amphibians evolved from blank
lobe finned fish
50
Three bones that are found in bony fishes and amphibians today
humerus, femur, radius
51
modern amphibians come from the blank period
tertiary
52
Three orders of today's amphibians
anura, caudata, and apoda
53
order of amphibians that means without tail
anura
54
frogs and toads are part of this order of amphibians...
anura
55
type of fertilization in anura
external
56
order of amphibians that includes salamanders and larvae are similar to adults
caudata
57
type of fertilization in caudata
internal
58
order of amphibians that includes caecilians and lay their eggs underground and are legless burrowers
apoda
59
animals that evolved from amphibians and all have one major thing in common because the amniotic egg has blank membranes
amniotes, four
60
This includes mammals, birds, and reptiles
amniotes
61
amniotes have a blank egg with an amnion and yolk sac
water tight
62
these animals dominated earth for 250 million years and there are 7000 species today on earth
reptiles
63
type of breathing that increases lung capacity by chest moving
thoracic breathing
64
type of fertilization in reptiles
internal
65
reptiles have blank circulation than amphibians
better
66
class of reptiles that are shelled, have a solid skull, have beaks but no teeth. includes turtles
testudina
67
in turtles, what structures creates the shell
the ribs
68
order of Lepidosauria that has two species of tuataras which are large lizard like animals found in New Zealand
Rhynchocephalia
69
Order of Lepidosauria that are reptiles that have lizards and snakes and has a light skull with many openings and joints and have a forked penis called a blank
squamata, hemopenes
70
Class of reptiles that are the ruling reptiles and are the first bipedal vertebrates
archosauria
71
means walks on two legs
bipedal
72
Two groups of archosauria that live today
aves, crocodilia
73
blank were the first bipedal vertebrates
dinosaurs
74
an archosauria that has 25 species are primarily aquatic and are carnivorous with a strong compact skull
crocodylia
75
group of archosauria that includes birds which are direct descendants of dinosaurs and are the most diverse terrestrial vertebrates
aves
76
first bird had how many fingers plus a wing
three
77
the most alike part of birds to dinosaurs
scaly legs
78
birds are most similar to
crocodiles
79
Three things making birds special
feathers, hollow skeleton, efficient circulation, efficient respiration, endothermy
80
means that body temperature permits higher metabolic rate
endothermy
81
Three mammalian ancestors
pelycosaurs, therapsis, mammalia
82
first succesful large land vertebrates which is a mammalian ancestor and is reptile like but has a mammalian skull
pelycosaurs
83
mammalian ancestor that had a mammal like skeleton and were replaced by dinosaurs
therapsids
84
pelycosaurs had a blank
mammalian skull
85
two fundamental traits of mammals
hair and mammary glands
86
these secrete milk in female mammals
mammary glands
87
milk comes from the same gland as blank
sweat
88
important charactertic of heart in mammals
four chambered heart
89
respiration advantage in mammals structure
diaphragm
90
the amniotic egg inside a human uterus
placenta
91
group of mammals that lay eggs and have a cloaca for digestion and reproduction
monotremes
92
example of a monotreme with a cloaca
duck billed platypus
93
group of mammals that includes kangaroos and opossums and have a pouch
marsupials
94
type of mammal that produce a placenta that nourishes the fetus and includes most living mammals
placental
95
group of mammals that have grasping fingers and toes with binocular vision and includes monkeys and gorillas
primates
96
earliest primates split into these two groups
anthropoids and prosimians
97
this group of primates are nocturnal and include lemurs and tarsiers
prosimians
98
this group of primates include monkeys, apes, and humans
anthropoids
99
group of anthropoids that includes humans and apes
hominoids
100
group of hominoids that are paraphyletic and include gorillas, chimpanzees, gibbons, orangutans
apes
101
group of hominoids that includes humans and australopithecus
hominids
102
hominoids that evolved about 2 mya and had a large brain and were the first humans
Homo
103
All homos are extinct except for blank
sapiens
104
Four levels of organization of the vertebrate body
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
105
How many cell types does a human have
210
106
groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
tissue
107
are combinations of different tissues that form a structural and functional unit
organ
108
organs are combinations of blank tissues
different

AP/College Biology - 500 (3 decks)

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