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AP/College Biology - 500 > Deck 3 > Flashcards

Deck 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

echinoderms have blank so they can change shape and drop body parts

A

mutable collagenous tissue

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2
Q

papulae are the same as

A

tube feet

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3
Q

there are more than blank extinct classes of echinoderms

A

20

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4
Q

there are five classes of echinoderms and they are

A

asteroidea, crinoidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea, ophiuroidea

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5
Q

this class of echinoderm includes seas stars and sea daisies

A

asteroidea

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6
Q

this class of echinoderms includes sea lillies and feather stars

A

crinoidea

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7
Q

this class of echinoderms includes sea urchins and sand dollars

A

echinoidea

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8
Q

this class of echinoderms includes sea cucumbers

A

holothuroidea

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9
Q

this class of echinoderms includes brittle stars

A

ophiuroidea

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10
Q

The chordates nearest relative is the blank

A

echinoderms

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11
Q

Five features characterize chordates and they are

A

nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail, endostyle

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12
Q

turned into the spinal cord

A

nerve cord

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13
Q

turgid cord of cells wrapped with connective tissue that turned into the spinal column

A

notochord

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14
Q

gill arches that form bones in ears

A

pharyngeal slits

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15
Q

manages iodine metabolism and turns into the thyroid gland

A

endostyle

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16
Q

three subphyla of the chordata phylum

A

cephalochordata, urochordata, vertebrata

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17
Q

subphylum of chordata that have all chordate characteristics throughout lifetime but no anterior sense organs or brain

A

cephalochordata

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18
Q

oldest chordate which was a cephalochordate

A

pikaia

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19
Q

subphylum of chordata that includes tunicates and are marine animals with tadpolelike larvae and adults typically lose the tail, nerve chord, and notochord

A

urochordata

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20
Q

urochordata often secrete a blank which is a cellulose sac that surrounds the animal

A

tunic

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21
Q

subphylum of chordates that includes vertebrates and an endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone

A

vertebrata

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22
Q

chordates with a spinal column

A

vertebrates

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23
Q

most diverse vertebrate group including half of all vertebrates

A

fishes

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24
Q

five characteristics of fishes

A

vertebral column, jaws and paired appendages, internal gills, single loop blood circulation, nutritional deficiencies

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25
Q

the first fishes had blank but no blank

A

mouths, jaws

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26
Q

first fishes that had bony plates and are now extinct

A

ostracoderms

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27
Q

first fishes that have no jaws that still exist today

A

hagfish and lampreys

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28
Q

the development of jaws occurred in the late blank period

A

silurian

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29
Q

fishes were the first vertebrates to develop blank

A

teeth

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30
Q

these two things make up shark scales and all teeth

A

dentin and enamel

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31
Q

fishes have a blank system that is a series of sensory organs under the skin that detects changes in pressure waves

A

lateral line

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32
Q

first jawed fish came about during the blank perdio

A

devonian

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33
Q

first jawed fish that was spiny

A

acanthodii

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34
Q

first jawed fish that were armored

A

placodermi

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35
Q

in this period, sharks became the dominant sea predators

A

carboniferous

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36
Q

chondro means

A

cartilage

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37
Q

ichthyes means

A

fish

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38
Q

the most species rich group of all vertebrates

A

bony fishes

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39
Q

a gas filled sac that allows bony fishes to regulate their buoyant density

A

swim bladder

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40
Q

a hard plate that covers the gills

A

operculum

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41
Q

the felxing of this permits water pumping over the gills

A

gill cover

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42
Q

group of bony fishes that are ray finned and there are no muscles in the fins

A

actinopterygii

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43
Q

group of bony fishes that are lobe finned and have paired fins that consist of a long fleshy muscular lobe

A

sarcopterygii

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44
Q

sarco means

A

flesh

45
Q

damp skinned vertebrates and were the first vertebrates to walk on land

A

amphibians

46
Q

Three adaptations of amphibians

A

legs, lungs, system to prevent desiccation

47
Q

amphibians reproduce where?

A

H2O

48
Q

this word means “drying out”

A

desiccation

49
Q

amphibians evolved from blank

A

lobe finned fish

50
Q

Three bones that are found in bony fishes and amphibians today

A

humerus, femur, radius

51
Q

modern amphibians come from the blank period

A

tertiary

52
Q

Three orders of today’s amphibians

A

anura, caudata, and apoda

53
Q

order of amphibians that means without tail

A

anura

54
Q

frogs and toads are part of this order of amphibians…

A

anura

55
Q

type of fertilization in anura

A

external

56
Q

order of amphibians that includes salamanders and larvae are similar to adults

A

caudata

57
Q

type of fertilization in caudata

A

internal

58
Q

order of amphibians that includes caecilians and lay their eggs underground and are legless burrowers

A

apoda

59
Q

animals that evolved from amphibians and all have one major thing in common because the amniotic egg has blank membranes

A

amniotes, four

60
Q

This includes mammals, birds, and reptiles

A

amniotes

61
Q

amniotes have a blank egg with an amnion and yolk sac

A

water tight

62
Q

these animals dominated earth for 250 million years and there are 7000 species today on earth

A

reptiles

63
Q

type of breathing that increases lung capacity by chest moving

A

thoracic breathing

64
Q

type of fertilization in reptiles

A

internal

65
Q

reptiles have blank circulation than amphibians

A

better

66
Q

class of reptiles that are shelled, have a solid skull, have beaks but no teeth. includes turtles

A

testudina

67
Q

in turtles, what structures creates the shell

A

the ribs

68
Q

order of Lepidosauria that has two species of tuataras which are large lizard like animals found in New Zealand

A

Rhynchocephalia

69
Q

Order of Lepidosauria that are reptiles that have lizards and snakes and has a light skull with many openings and joints and have a forked penis called a blank

A

squamata, hemopenes

70
Q

Class of reptiles that are the ruling reptiles and are the first bipedal vertebrates

A

archosauria

71
Q

means walks on two legs

A

bipedal

72
Q

Two groups of archosauria that live today

A

aves, crocodilia

73
Q

blank were the first bipedal vertebrates

A

dinosaurs

74
Q

an archosauria that has 25 species are primarily aquatic and are carnivorous with a strong compact skull

A

crocodylia

75
Q

group of archosauria that includes birds which are direct descendants of dinosaurs and are the most diverse terrestrial vertebrates

A

aves

76
Q

first bird had how many fingers plus a wing

A

three

77
Q

the most alike part of birds to dinosaurs

A

scaly legs

78
Q

birds are most similar to

A

crocodiles

79
Q

Three things making birds special

A

feathers, hollow skeleton, efficient circulation, efficient respiration, endothermy

80
Q

means that body temperature permits higher metabolic rate

A

endothermy

81
Q

Three mammalian ancestors

A

pelycosaurs, therapsis, mammalia

82
Q

first succesful large land vertebrates which is a mammalian ancestor and is reptile like but has a mammalian skull

A

pelycosaurs

83
Q

mammalian ancestor that had a mammal like skeleton and were replaced by dinosaurs

A

therapsids

84
Q

pelycosaurs had a blank

A

mammalian skull

85
Q

two fundamental traits of mammals

A

hair and mammary glands

86
Q

these secrete milk in female mammals

A

mammary glands

87
Q

milk comes from the same gland as blank

A

sweat

88
Q

important charactertic of heart in mammals

A

four chambered heart

89
Q

respiration advantage in mammals structure

A

diaphragm

90
Q

the amniotic egg inside a human uterus

A

placenta

91
Q

group of mammals that lay eggs and have a cloaca for digestion and reproduction

A

monotremes

92
Q

example of a monotreme with a cloaca

A

duck billed platypus

93
Q

group of mammals that includes kangaroos and opossums and have a pouch

A

marsupials

94
Q

type of mammal that produce a placenta that nourishes the fetus and includes most living mammals

A

placental

95
Q

group of mammals that have grasping fingers and toes with binocular vision and includes monkeys and gorillas

A

primates

96
Q

earliest primates split into these two groups

A

anthropoids and prosimians

97
Q

this group of primates are nocturnal and include lemurs and tarsiers

A

prosimians

98
Q

this group of primates include monkeys, apes, and humans

A

anthropoids

99
Q

group of anthropoids that includes humans and apes

A

hominoids

100
Q

group of hominoids that are paraphyletic and include gorillas, chimpanzees, gibbons, orangutans

A

apes

101
Q

group of hominoids that includes humans and australopithecus

A

hominids

102
Q

hominoids that evolved about 2 mya and had a large brain and were the first humans

A

Homo

103
Q

All homos are extinct except for blank

A

sapiens

104
Q

Four levels of organization of the vertebrate body

A

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

105
Q

How many cell types does a human have

A

210

106
Q

groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

A

tissue

107
Q

are combinations of different tissues that form a structural and functional unit

A

organ

108
Q

organs are combinations of blank tissues

A

different

AP/College Biology - 500 (3 decks)

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