Deck 2 Flashcards
1
Q
all other animals are these and they have distinct tissues
A
eumetazoa
2
Q
which has symmetry? parazoa or eumetazoa
A
eumetazoa
3
Q
the plane that bisects an animal with bilateral symmetry into two halves
A
mid-sagittal plan
4
Q
two advantages of symmetry:
A
cephalization and greater mobility
5
Q
how many germ layers produced by eumetazoa
A
three
6
Q
body coverings and nervous system germ layer
A
ectoderm
7
Q
skeleton and muscles germ layer
A
mesoderm
8
Q
digestive organs and intestines
A
endoderm
9
Q
space in between tissues, surrounded by mesoderm
A
coelom
10
Q
body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
A
pseudocoelomates
11
Q
body cavity entirely within the mesoderm
A
coelomates
12
Q
zygote dvides to form a blank
A
blastula
13
Q
holllow ball of cells
A
blastula
14
Q
this becomes an opening to the digestive system
A
blastopore
15
Q
type of cleavange in protostomes and the cells move as they divide
A
spiral
16
Q
type of cleavage in deuterostomes and cells stay in position as they divide
A
radial
17
Q
determinate development becuase if you remove one cell, development ceases
A
protostomes
18
Q
indeterminate development because embryonic cells can develop a new individual
A
deuterostomes
19
Q
coelom forms simply and directly from splitting the mesoderm in
A
protostomes
20
Q
coelom forms indirectly from outpocketing of the archenteron in
A
deuterostomes
21
Q
blank evolved from blank about how many mya
A
deuterostomes….protostomes…500 mya
22
Q
two advantages of segmentation
A
allows redundant organ systems, and allows for more efficient and flexible movement
23
Q
lack symmetry and tissues
A
parazoa
24
Q
have symmetry and tissues
A
eumetazoa
25
have two germ layers
diploblastic
26
have three germ layers
triploblastic
27
how are triploblastic animals divided today?
genetics
28
the animal kingdom is
monophyletic
29
two theories of where protists came from
multinucleate hypothesis, colonial flagellate hypothesis
30
which theory of where protists came from is supported by molecular systematics today
colonial flagellate hypothesis
31
enormous expansion of animal diversity in the Cambrian period
cambrian explosion
32
how did the cambrian explosion occur
the Hox developmental gene complex evolved
33
Fungi spores are always blank, no matter what
Haploid
34
Collemchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all blank tissue
Ground
35
Leaves do not have blank
Pericycle
36
Phloem consists of blank
Sieve tube members
37
Blank causes seed germination
Gibberellic acid
38
What regulates direction of cell expansion in plants?
Direction of cellulose reinforcement
39
Phloem has cells separated by blank
Sieve plates
40
Root pressure can result in blank
Guttation
41
Root pressure is independent or dependent on transpiration
Independent
42
These promote lateral bud growth in branches
Cytokinins
43
Plants tolerate supercooling by increasing blank in blank
Saturated lipids in plasma membranes
44
Parazoans first separated from blank
Eumetazoans
45
larval sponges are different from adult sponges because they are
free-swimming
46
the inner layer of porifera contains blank
choanocytes which are also called collar cells
47
central layer of porifera which are gelatinous and are called blank
mesohyl
48
sponges digestion is known as blank
intracellular
49
type of digestion where each cell eats on its own
intracellular
50
where waste exits from the spong
osculum
51
Asexual reproduction of a sponge is called blank
fragmentation
52
larval sponges are produced by blank reproduction and use blank for swimming
sexual, cilia
53
have radial symmetry and two germ layers... examples are cnidaria and ctenophora
diploblasts
54
The layers of a diploblast are called
epidermis, gastrodermis, and in between is the mesoglea
55
the mesoglea is blank
noncellular
56
mostly all marine, have tissues but not organs, and are exclusively carnivorous
cnidaria
57
the largest organic structure in the world
great coral reef
58
these can reproduce by budding and either sexually or asexually
polyp
59
these cnidarians can only reproduce sexually
medusa
60
what kind of digestion do cnidarians have
extracellular
61
what kind of digestion do humans have
extracellular
62
blank have no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems
cnidaria
63
specialized stinging cells are blank
nematocytes
64
special type of nematocyte organelle that has a harpoon coated in poison
nematocyst
65
how many classes of cnidarians
5
66
small phylum whose members are called comb jellies
ctenophora
67
ctenophora propel themselves with eight rows of blank and have no blank
cilia, stinging cells
68
how do ctenophora capture prey?
colloblast
69
who's more complex, ctenophora or cnidaria?
ctenophora
70
blank are bilaterally symmetrical and are all triploblastic
bilateria
71
animals that have three tissue layers
triploblastic
72
what is in the inner endoderm
gut lining
73
what is in the outer ectoderm
skin and nervous tissue
74
what is in the middle mesoderm
muscle and bone
75
two major clades of protostomes
spiralians and ecdysozoans
76
clade of protostomes that grow by adding mass to an existing body and have spiral cleavage
spiralians
77
clade of protostomes that increase in size by molting their external skeletons
ecdysozoans
78
soft body animals that are protostome and acoelomates and have developed musculature
planarians
79
planarians have a blank body plan
simple
80
planarians have a blank way digestive system
two way
81
humans have a blank way digestive system
one way
82
what kind of cells function similar to a kidney and is involved in digestion in planarians
flame cells
83
when cut, planarians blank
regenerate
84
four classes of flatworms
turbellaria, trematoda, cercomeromorpha
85
free living lcass of flatworm
turbellaria
86
parisitic classes of flatworms
trematoda and ceromeromorpha
87
flukes that live as parasites in animals
trematoda
88
flukes of the genus schistosoma can caus schistosomiasis because they coat themselves with blank so they become blank invisible
antigens, immunologically
89
tapeworms are in the class blank
cercomeomorpha
90
tapeworms do not have a blank
digestive system
91
how many body zones of tapeworms
3
92
three zones of tapeworms
scolex, neck, proglottids
93
repetitive sections of tapeworms
proglottids
94
phylum that has roundworms in it and are bilaterally symmetrical
nematoda
95
how many times do nematoda molt cuticle?
four
96
the piercing organs that the mouth is equipped with in nematodes
stylets
97
two ways nematodes feed
parasites and active hunters
98
nematodes can cause these diseases in humans
trichinosis, intestinal roundworm, hookworm anemia
99
what causes trichinosis
trichinella
100
causes intestinal roundworm
ascaris
101
causes hookworm anemia
necator
102
phylum that has a brain, complex internal organs, and uses a corona for funneling food
rotifera
103
The coelom ate body design blanks the body fluid, allows for blank to develop, and allows for a blank body size
Repositions, complex tissues/organs, larger
104
The second most diverse phylum
Mollusca
105
Pearls are produced by blank
Oysters
106
Mother of pearl is produced by shells of blank
Abalone
107
Two mollusk pests
Zebra mussel and garden snails
108
Except for Cephalopoda, all mollusks have a blank circulatory system
Oprn
109
Mollusks have a blank for locomotion
Foot
110
Special excretory structures in mollusks that remove nitrogenous wastes
Nephridia
111
This word means internal organs/inside
Visceral
112
Mollusks produce a blank rich shell
Calcium carbonate
113
Tounge of mollusks
Radula
114
Radula has been modified into these four structures in mollusks
Beak, drill, poisonous dart, eliminated
115
Fertilization in mollusks
External
116
First larval stage of mollusk that is free swimming
Trochophores
117
Second larval stage of mollusks that is only in bivalves and Gastropoda
Veliger
118
How many classes of mollusks
8
119
Four classes of mollusks
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, bivalves, cephalopoda
120
Chitons are these and they have oval bodies and are grazing herbivores
Polyplacophora
121
Class of mollusk that has snails and slugs, primarily marine, and undergo torsion and coiling
Gastropoda
122
Class of mollusks that has clams, scallops, and mussels and are sessile filter feeders
Bivalvia
123
Active marine predator mollusk class that have arms with suction cups and are very intelligent
Cephalopoda
124
Mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front in Gastropoda
Torsion
125
Spiral winding of shell in Gastropoda
Coiling
126
It's muscle brings things together
Adductor
127
Squids have how many feet
10
128
Octopus has how many feet
8
129
Nautilus has how many feet
80-90
130
Many Cephalopoda have this to confuse predators
Ink sac
131
Cephalopoda change colors using these punches of pigments
Chromatophores
132
Annelid worms always exhibit blank
Segmentation
133
Segments are divided by blank in Annelida
Septae
134
Blank nerve cord connects to brain in Annelida
Ventral
135
Funnel shaped and part of excretory system in Annelida
Nephridia
136
Two classes of Annelida
Polychaeta and clitella
137
Class of Annelida that has paired parapodia and sexes are usually separate
Polychaeta
138
Polychaeta have these and are used in swimming and burrowing
Parapodia
139
Class of Annelida that Re mostly terrestrial and include earthworms and move using chaetae
Clitellata
140
Little chili outs bristles that anchor soil
Chaetae
141
Clitellata have parapodia t or f
F
142
Setae = blank
Chaetae
143
Secretes a mucus cocoon where the fertilized egg develops in clitellata
Clitellum
144
Member of clitellata that has no chaetae
Leech
145
Most successful phylum of all animals
Arthropoda
146
Percentage of Arthropoda are insects
80%
147
How many species of Arthropoda
1,000,000
148
Some segments are fused into blank in Arthropoda
Tagmata
149
Has an open circulatory system, compound eyes or single eyes,, nervous system, respiratory system, malpighinan tubules
Arthropods
150
Simple eyes of Arthropoda are called
Ocelli
151
Special part of arthropod respiratory system
Spiracles
152
Arthropoda undergo blank or molting
Ecdysis
153
Arthropoda is divided into these four classes
Chelicerata, myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
154
Class of Arthropoda that includes spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs and ticks
Chelicerata
155
How many tagmata of chelicerata
2
156
In chelicerata blank function as anterior appendages
Chelicerae
157
Posterior to chelicerae in chelicerata and resemble legs or maybe pincers
Pedipalpas
158
Two orders of chelicerata
Araneae and acari
159
Order of chelicerata that has spiders and about 35000 species
Araneae
160
Silk is forced out of blank in spiders
Spinnerets
161
All spiders have what
Poison glands
162
Order of chelicerata that has mites and ticks
Acari
163
Class of Arthropoda that are primarily aquatic and include crabs and shrimps lobsters and barnacles
Crustacea
164
How many tagmata of Crustacea
Three but front two may fuse
165
Most appendages of Crustacea are blank
Biramous
166
Means branches into two parts
Biramous
167
Most crustaceans have blank sexes
Separate
168
Evolved from a pair of limbs that took on a chewing function in Crustacea
Mandibles
169
Majority of Crustacea develop through a blank stage
Naupilus
170
Free swimming stage of Crustacea
Naupilus
171
Order of Crustacea that has ten feet and includes shrimp lobsters and crayfish
Decapoda
172
Paddle tail of Decapoda are called
Uropods
173
Order of Crustacea that includes barnacles and are hermaphroditic and have free swimming larvae but are sessile as adults
Cirripedia
174
Head and thorax combined in crayfish is called
Cephalothorax
175
The cephalothorax is covered by the blank
Carapace
176
How crayfish pee and from where
Green glands near the eyes
177
Stiffened and folded forward in crayfish identifying a male
Swimmerets
178
Grinds up food in crayfish stomach
Gastric mill
179
How grasshoppers hear
Tympanum
180
Female part used in mating
Ovipositors
181
Male part in mating
Claspers
182
Yellowish fatty tissue that covers internal organs of grasshopper
Fat body
183
Grasshopper has what kind of metamorphosis
Incomplete
184
Stomach of starfish that grabs victim
Cardiac
185
Stomach that completes digestion for starfish
Puloric
186
Brownish circular spot between two arms of starfish where water enters water vascular system
Sieve plate... Which is the madreporite
187
What is the function of the water vascular system
Locomotion
188
Water vascular system takes water to the blank which forces water into blank for locomotion
Ampulla, tube feet
189
This order of crustacea has barnacles that are sessile as adults but free swimming larvae and are hermaphroditic and some have stalks
cirripedia
190
class of arthropods that includes insects which is the largest group of animals and there are about one billion billion insects alive at any one time
hexapoda
191
three body regions of insects
head, thorax, abdomen
192
these permeate all tissues in insects to breathe
tracheae
193
This class of arthropods have no tagmata and include centipedes and millipedes and have bodies with a head followed by numerous segments
myriapoda
194
this phylum is an ancient group of marine animals with about 6000 species and are deuterostomes and have an endoskeleton
echinodermata
195
the blank of echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical and blank symmetrical as adults which means blank lines
larvae, pentaradial, five
196
echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcite plates called blank
endoskeletons, ossicles
