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AP/College Biology - 500 > Deck 2 > Flashcards

Deck 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

all other animals are these and they have distinct tissues

A

eumetazoa

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2
Q

which has symmetry? parazoa or eumetazoa

A

eumetazoa

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3
Q

the plane that bisects an animal with bilateral symmetry into two halves

A

mid-sagittal plan

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4
Q

two advantages of symmetry:

A

cephalization and greater mobility

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5
Q

how many germ layers produced by eumetazoa

A

three

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6
Q

body coverings and nervous system germ layer

A

ectoderm

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7
Q

skeleton and muscles germ layer

A

mesoderm

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8
Q

digestive organs and intestines

A

endoderm

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9
Q

space in between tissues, surrounded by mesoderm

A

coelom

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10
Q

body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm

A

pseudocoelomates

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11
Q

body cavity entirely within the mesoderm

A

coelomates

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12
Q

zygote dvides to form a blank

A

blastula

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13
Q

holllow ball of cells

A

blastula

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14
Q

this becomes an opening to the digestive system

A

blastopore

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15
Q

type of cleavange in protostomes and the cells move as they divide

A

spiral

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16
Q

type of cleavage in deuterostomes and cells stay in position as they divide

A

radial

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17
Q

determinate development becuase if you remove one cell, development ceases

A

protostomes

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18
Q

indeterminate development because embryonic cells can develop a new individual

A

deuterostomes

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19
Q

coelom forms simply and directly from splitting the mesoderm in

A

protostomes

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20
Q

coelom forms indirectly from outpocketing of the archenteron in

A

deuterostomes

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21
Q

blank evolved from blank about how many mya

A

deuterostomes….protostomes…500 mya

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22
Q

two advantages of segmentation

A

allows redundant organ systems, and allows for more efficient and flexible movement

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23
Q

lack symmetry and tissues

A

parazoa

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24
Q

have symmetry and tissues

A

eumetazoa

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25
Q

have two germ layers

A

diploblastic

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26
Q

have three germ layers

A

triploblastic

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27
Q

how are triploblastic animals divided today?

A

genetics

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28
Q

the animal kingdom is

A

monophyletic

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29
Q

two theories of where protists came from

A

multinucleate hypothesis, colonial flagellate hypothesis

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30
Q

which theory of where protists came from is supported by molecular systematics today

A

colonial flagellate hypothesis

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31
Q

enormous expansion of animal diversity in the Cambrian period

A

cambrian explosion

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32
Q

how did the cambrian explosion occur

A

the Hox developmental gene complex evolved

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33
Q

Fungi spores are always blank, no matter what

A

Haploid

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34
Q

Collemchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all blank tissue

A

Ground

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35
Q

Leaves do not have blank

A

Pericycle

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36
Q

Phloem consists of blank

A

Sieve tube members

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37
Q

Blank causes seed germination

A

Gibberellic acid

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38
Q

What regulates direction of cell expansion in plants?

A

Direction of cellulose reinforcement

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39
Q

Phloem has cells separated by blank

A

Sieve plates

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40
Q

Root pressure can result in blank

A

Guttation

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41
Q

Root pressure is independent or dependent on transpiration

A

Independent

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42
Q

These promote lateral bud growth in branches

A

Cytokinins

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43
Q

Plants tolerate supercooling by increasing blank in blank

A

Saturated lipids in plasma membranes

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44
Q

Parazoans first separated from blank

A

Eumetazoans

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45
Q

larval sponges are different from adult sponges because they are

A

free-swimming

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46
Q

the inner layer of porifera contains blank

A

choanocytes which are also called collar cells

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47
Q

central layer of porifera which are gelatinous and are called blank

A

mesohyl

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48
Q

sponges digestion is known as blank

A

intracellular

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49
Q

type of digestion where each cell eats on its own

A

intracellular

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50
Q

where waste exits from the spong

A

osculum

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51
Q

Asexual reproduction of a sponge is called blank

A

fragmentation

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52
Q

larval sponges are produced by blank reproduction and use blank for swimming

A

sexual, cilia

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53
Q

have radial symmetry and two germ layers… examples are cnidaria and ctenophora

A

diploblasts

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54
Q

The layers of a diploblast are called

A

epidermis, gastrodermis, and in between is the mesoglea

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55
Q

the mesoglea is blank

A

noncellular

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56
Q

mostly all marine, have tissues but not organs, and are exclusively carnivorous

A

cnidaria

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57
Q

the largest organic structure in the world

A

great coral reef

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58
Q

these can reproduce by budding and either sexually or asexually

A

polyp

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59
Q

these cnidarians can only reproduce sexually

A

medusa

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60
Q

what kind of digestion do cnidarians have

A

extracellular

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61
Q

what kind of digestion do humans have

A

extracellular

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62
Q

blank have no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems

A

cnidaria

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63
Q

specialized stinging cells are blank

A

nematocytes

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64
Q

special type of nematocyte organelle that has a harpoon coated in poison

A

nematocyst

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65
Q

how many classes of cnidarians

A

5

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66
Q

small phylum whose members are called comb jellies

A

ctenophora

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67
Q

ctenophora propel themselves with eight rows of blank and have no blank

A

cilia, stinging cells

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68
Q

how do ctenophora capture prey?

A

colloblast

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69
Q

who’s more complex, ctenophora or cnidaria?

A

ctenophora

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70
Q

blank are bilaterally symmetrical and are all triploblastic

A

bilateria

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71
Q

animals that have three tissue layers

A

triploblastic

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72
Q

what is in the inner endoderm

A

gut lining

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73
Q

what is in the outer ectoderm

A

skin and nervous tissue

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74
Q

what is in the middle mesoderm

A

muscle and bone

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75
Q

two major clades of protostomes

A

spiralians and ecdysozoans

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76
Q

clade of protostomes that grow by adding mass to an existing body and have spiral cleavage

A

spiralians

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77
Q

clade of protostomes that increase in size by molting their external skeletons

A

ecdysozoans

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78
Q

soft body animals that are protostome and acoelomates and have developed musculature

A

planarians

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79
Q

planarians have a blank body plan

A

simple

80
Q

planarians have a blank way digestive system

A

two way

81
Q

humans have a blank way digestive system

A

one way

82
Q

what kind of cells function similar to a kidney and is involved in digestion in planarians

A

flame cells

83
Q

when cut, planarians blank

A

regenerate

84
Q

four classes of flatworms

A

turbellaria, trematoda, cercomeromorpha

85
Q

free living lcass of flatworm

A

turbellaria

86
Q

parisitic classes of flatworms

A

trematoda and ceromeromorpha

87
Q

flukes that live as parasites in animals

A

trematoda

88
Q

flukes of the genus schistosoma can caus schistosomiasis because they coat themselves with blank so they become blank invisible

A

antigens, immunologically

89
Q

tapeworms are in the class blank

A

cercomeomorpha

90
Q

tapeworms do not have a blank

A

digestive system

91
Q

how many body zones of tapeworms

A

3

92
Q

three zones of tapeworms

A

scolex, neck, proglottids

93
Q

repetitive sections of tapeworms

A

proglottids

94
Q

phylum that has roundworms in it and are bilaterally symmetrical

A

nematoda

95
Q

how many times do nematoda molt cuticle?

A

four

96
Q

the piercing organs that the mouth is equipped with in nematodes

A

stylets

97
Q

two ways nematodes feed

A

parasites and active hunters

98
Q

nematodes can cause these diseases in humans

A

trichinosis, intestinal roundworm, hookworm anemia

99
Q

what causes trichinosis

A

trichinella

100
Q

causes intestinal roundworm

A

ascaris

101
Q

causes hookworm anemia

A

necator

102
Q

phylum that has a brain, complex internal organs, and uses a corona for funneling food

A

rotifera

103
Q

The coelom ate body design blanks the body fluid, allows for blank to develop, and allows for a blank body size

A

Repositions, complex tissues/organs, larger

104
Q

The second most diverse phylum

A

Mollusca

105
Q

Pearls are produced by blank

A

Oysters

106
Q

Mother of pearl is produced by shells of blank

A

Abalone

107
Q

Two mollusk pests

A

Zebra mussel and garden snails

108
Q

Except for Cephalopoda, all mollusks have a blank circulatory system

A

Oprn

109
Q

Mollusks have a blank for locomotion

A

Foot

110
Q

Special excretory structures in mollusks that remove nitrogenous wastes

A

Nephridia

111
Q

This word means internal organs/inside

A

Visceral

112
Q

Mollusks produce a blank rich shell

A

Calcium carbonate

113
Q

Tounge of mollusks

A

Radula

114
Q

Radula has been modified into these four structures in mollusks

A

Beak, drill, poisonous dart, eliminated

115
Q

Fertilization in mollusks

A

External

116
Q

First larval stage of mollusk that is free swimming

A

Trochophores

117
Q

Second larval stage of mollusks that is only in bivalves and Gastropoda

A

Veliger

118
Q

How many classes of mollusks

A

8

119
Q

Four classes of mollusks

A

Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, bivalves, cephalopoda

120
Q

Chitons are these and they have oval bodies and are grazing herbivores

A

Polyplacophora

121
Q

Class of mollusk that has snails and slugs, primarily marine, and undergo torsion and coiling

A

Gastropoda

122
Q

Class of mollusks that has clams, scallops, and mussels and are sessile filter feeders

A

Bivalvia

123
Q

Active marine predator mollusk class that have arms with suction cups and are very intelligent

A

Cephalopoda

124
Q

Mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front in Gastropoda

A

Torsion

125
Q

Spiral winding of shell in Gastropoda

A

Coiling

126
Q

It’s muscle brings things together

A

Adductor

127
Q

Squids have how many feet

A

10

128
Q

Octopus has how many feet

A

8

129
Q

Nautilus has how many feet

A

80-90

130
Q

Many Cephalopoda have this to confuse predators

A

Ink sac

131
Q

Cephalopoda change colors using these punches of pigments

A

Chromatophores

132
Q

Annelid worms always exhibit blank

A

Segmentation

133
Q

Segments are divided by blank in Annelida

A

Septae

134
Q

Blank nerve cord connects to brain in Annelida

A

Ventral

135
Q

Funnel shaped and part of excretory system in Annelida

A

Nephridia

136
Q

Two classes of Annelida

A

Polychaeta and clitella

137
Q

Class of Annelida that has paired parapodia and sexes are usually separate

A

Polychaeta

138
Q

Polychaeta have these and are used in swimming and burrowing

A

Parapodia

139
Q

Class of Annelida that Re mostly terrestrial and include earthworms and move using chaetae

A

Clitellata

140
Q

Little chili outs bristles that anchor soil

A

Chaetae

141
Q

Clitellata have parapodia t or f

A

F

142
Q

Setae = blank

A

Chaetae

143
Q

Secretes a mucus cocoon where the fertilized egg develops in clitellata

A

Clitellum

144
Q

Member of clitellata that has no chaetae

A

Leech

145
Q

Most successful phylum of all animals

A

Arthropoda

146
Q

Percentage of Arthropoda are insects

A

80%

147
Q

How many species of Arthropoda

A

1,000,000

148
Q

Some segments are fused into blank in Arthropoda

A

Tagmata

149
Q

Has an open circulatory system, compound eyes or single eyes,, nervous system, respiratory system, malpighinan tubules

A

Arthropods

150
Q

Simple eyes of Arthropoda are called

A

Ocelli

151
Q

Special part of arthropod respiratory system

A

Spiracles

152
Q

Arthropoda undergo blank or molting

A

Ecdysis

153
Q

Arthropoda is divided into these four classes

A

Chelicerata, myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda

154
Q

Class of Arthropoda that includes spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs and ticks

A

Chelicerata

155
Q

How many tagmata of chelicerata

A

2

156
Q

In chelicerata blank function as anterior appendages

A

Chelicerae

157
Q

Posterior to chelicerae in chelicerata and resemble legs or maybe pincers

A

Pedipalpas

158
Q

Two orders of chelicerata

A

Araneae and acari

159
Q

Order of chelicerata that has spiders and about 35000 species

A

Araneae

160
Q

Silk is forced out of blank in spiders

A

Spinnerets

161
Q

All spiders have what

A

Poison glands

162
Q

Order of chelicerata that has mites and ticks

A

Acari

163
Q

Class of Arthropoda that are primarily aquatic and include crabs and shrimps lobsters and barnacles

A

Crustacea

164
Q

How many tagmata of Crustacea

A

Three but front two may fuse

165
Q

Most appendages of Crustacea are blank

A

Biramous

166
Q

Means branches into two parts

A

Biramous

167
Q

Most crustaceans have blank sexes

A

Separate

168
Q

Evolved from a pair of limbs that took on a chewing function in Crustacea

A

Mandibles

169
Q

Majority of Crustacea develop through a blank stage

A

Naupilus

170
Q

Free swimming stage of Crustacea

A

Naupilus

171
Q

Order of Crustacea that has ten feet and includes shrimp lobsters and crayfish

A

Decapoda

172
Q

Paddle tail of Decapoda are called

A

Uropods

173
Q

Order of Crustacea that includes barnacles and are hermaphroditic and have free swimming larvae but are sessile as adults

A

Cirripedia

174
Q

Head and thorax combined in crayfish is called

A

Cephalothorax

175
Q

The cephalothorax is covered by the blank

A

Carapace

176
Q

How crayfish pee and from where

A

Green glands near the eyes

177
Q

Stiffened and folded forward in crayfish identifying a male

A

Swimmerets

178
Q

Grinds up food in crayfish stomach

A

Gastric mill

179
Q

How grasshoppers hear

A

Tympanum

180
Q

Female part used in mating

A

Ovipositors

181
Q

Male part in mating

A

Claspers

182
Q

Yellowish fatty tissue that covers internal organs of grasshopper

A

Fat body

183
Q

Grasshopper has what kind of metamorphosis

A

Incomplete

184
Q

Stomach of starfish that grabs victim

A

Cardiac

185
Q

Stomach that completes digestion for starfish

A

Puloric

186
Q

Brownish circular spot between two arms of starfish where water enters water vascular system

A

Sieve plate… Which is the madreporite

187
Q

What is the function of the water vascular system

A

Locomotion

188
Q

Water vascular system takes water to the blank which forces water into blank for locomotion

A

Ampulla, tube feet

189
Q

This order of crustacea has barnacles that are sessile as adults but free swimming larvae and are hermaphroditic and some have stalks

A

cirripedia

190
Q

class of arthropods that includes insects which is the largest group of animals and there are about one billion billion insects alive at any one time

A

hexapoda

191
Q

three body regions of insects

A

head, thorax, abdomen

192
Q

these permeate all tissues in insects to breathe

A

tracheae

193
Q

This class of arthropods have no tagmata and include centipedes and millipedes and have bodies with a head followed by numerous segments

A

myriapoda

194
Q

this phylum is an ancient group of marine animals with about 6000 species and are deuterostomes and have an endoskeleton

A

echinodermata

195
Q

the blank of echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical and blank symmetrical as adults which means blank lines

A

larvae, pentaradial, five

196
Q

echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcite plates called blank

A

endoskeletons, ossicles

AP/College Biology - 500 (3 decks)

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