Deck 2 Slides 9-19 Flashcards
Genetic engineering is making changes in the ______ of organisms.
DNA
Genetic engineering involves DNA _______ and ______ DNA to remove genes.
Extraction, cutting
Taking DNA out of a cell is called _______ ________.
DNA extraction
Cutting DNA to remove genes is done by _______ ________.
Restriction enzymes
Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific ________ ________.
N-base sequence
________ _______ allows the cut out gene to bond into another cell’s DNA that has been cut with the same restriction enzyme.
Sticky ends
Separating DNA is done by ________ ________.
Gel electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis is comparing _______ (DNA) of different organisms by looking at similarities in DNA _______ _______.
Genomes, banding patterns
Gel electrophoresis is used for _______ cases, _______ _______ investigation, and comparing DNA of 2 species to see how _______ they are.
Paternity,
crime scene,
similar
DNA sequencing allows scientists to study specific _______ and the proteins they code for.
Genes
DNA sequencing allows scientists to compare the similarity of genes between _______.
Species
DNA sequencing allows scientists to better understand ________ in genes, and possibly fix them.
Mutations
Cutting a gene out of one organism’s cell and adding it to the DNA of another organism makes _______ _______.
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA is made of 2 ________ organisms’ DNA.
Different
When making recombinant DNA, the same _______ _______ is used to cut and paste the gene.
Restriction enzyme
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to make multiple _______ of genes for study.
Copies
A special DNA polymerase enzyme must be used for PCR that can withstand high heat, from ______ ______ _______.
Hot springs bacteria
A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell and it becomes part of the cell’s DNA during _______.
Transformation
Cell transformation was done in _______ experiment.
Griffith’s
In Griffith’s experiment, harmless bacteria (R strain) took up genes from heat-killed harmful bacteria (S strain), transforming the R strain into _______ bacteria.
Harmful
Griffith’s cell transformation experiment shows that bacteria can be transformed by placing them in a solution containing _______ molecules, although this cannot be done with other types of organisms.
DNA
