Deck 2 Flashcards
Pleural fluid findings of parapneumonic effusion
Exudative features:
* decreased glucose levels
* more protein, more LDH
* pH < 7.2
ABG in opioid overdose
Respiratory acidosis
* pH < 7.35
* Increased CO2
* normal bicarb
Next test to do for recurrent pneumonia in the same location?
CT scan of the chest (suspect mass or malignancy)
Predisposing factors of post-op pneumonia
- 3-5 days post-surgery
- thoracic/abdominal surgery
- smoking or lung dz hx
*
ob/gyn malignancy that spreads to lungs
Choriocarcinoma (will have high levels of b-hCG)
How to improve tissue oxygen delivery in ARDS
Increase PEEP- distends the alveoli and improves O2 diffusion
MC type of cancers in non-smokers
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
Management of Small cell lung CA
Cisplatin-etoposide therapy + radiotherapy
What does CHARGE syndrome stands for?
- Coloboma
- Heart defects
- Atresia of the nasal choanae (can’t pass catheter through nasal cavity)
- Retardation of growth
- Genital abnormalities
- Ear abnormalities
Complications after nasal fracture
- whistling sound during respiration
- septal hematoma
How to prevent complications post-nasal fracture
Draining of nasal septal hematoma
Management of penetrating neck trauma with stable vital signs
do CT angiograpy to evaluate for possible injuries
Tx for cyanide toxicity
hydroxocobalamin + sodium thiosulfate
What contributes to labored breathing in COPD?
diaphragmatic flattening
Management of small asymptomatic pneumothorax
observe and f/u with x-ray
What is mild croup?
- stridor that resolves at rest
- normal O2 sats
- no subcostal retractions
Severe croup
- stridor at rest
- subcostal retractions
- decreased O2 sats
Tx for:
a) mild croup
b) severe croup
a) oral dexamethasone
b) inhaled racemic epinephrine
Next step in management for stable penetrating chest trauma
emergency surgical exploration to remove foreign object
Initial step in management for possible oropharyngeal cancer
Panendoscopy- lets you see entire upper airway
AERD symptoms
After receiving NSAIDs:
* wheezing
* watery nasal secretions
* conjunctival injection
What type of rx is aspirin-exacerbated resp. disease (AERD)?
Pseudoallergic rxn
Dx test for massive hemoptysis
bronchoscopy- to visualize source of bleeding
Emergency procedure for when you can’t entubate
Cricothyrotomy
Features of CO poisoning
- cherry red skin
- elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels
Management of massive PE with hemo instability
give tPA (alteplase)
How to prevent getting Hib?
Hib vaccination
Findings in sarcoidosis
- Respiratory sx: cough, sob
- IBS sx: constipation
- Anterior uveitis sx: injected conjunctivae
- elevated CD4 t-cell count
- elevated ACE
Breathing that improves when she is lying on her back
laryngomalacia
management of vasomotor rhinitis
- intranasal antihistamine (azelastine)
How to prevent spreading of retropharyngeal abscess
IV ampicillin-sulbactam therapy
ABG of OSA
Resp. acidosis
* ph < 7.35
* increased CO2
* decreased O2
* normal bicarb
* normal chloride
