Deck 2 Flashcards
when do you develop IgA nephropathy after infection
can be within days, doesnt have to be long time
HIV associated neurocognifitve dysfunction vs. PML imaging
neurocognitive dysfunction has diffuse white matter changes and PML is multifocal white matter changes
what is acute chest syndrome
this is vasoocclusion of pulmonary vasculature due to fat embolus (adults) or infection (kids) for people with sickle cell anemia
treatment of acute chest syndrome
ceftriaxone and azithromycin (because you cannot exclude pneumonia) , pain control, IV fluids
is tetanus a clinical dx or do you need toxin assay
clinical dx, toxin assay not widely available
when should you do phlebotomy for a person with hereditary hemachromatosis
> 1000 ferritin
clinical findings in behcets disease
recurrent painful oral ulcers, erythema nodosum, uveitis, genital ulcers, thrombosis
what are the common drugs that cause neutropenia
methimazole, PTU, clozapine, sulfasalazine, TMP-SMX
when do you do valve replacement for AS
Severe AS and <50% EF OR symptomatic
what should you do to avoid hypercapnea in a COPD exacerbation
titrate O2 to 88-92%
histo chest xray
reticulonodular opacities or interstitial infiltrates
what can cause serum sickness
snake antivenom, antitoxin or mAbs
clinical signs of serum sickness
urticaria, fever, painful arthralgia
what type of hypersensitivity is serum sickness
this is type III so it is immune complex deposition
what drug do you use for chemo vomiting
odansetron (serotonin antagonist)
which lung cancer gives the side effect of hypercalcemia
squamous cell paraneoplastic syndrome of Parathyroid hormone related hormone
why do patients with alcohol use disorder have refractory hypokalemia
due to hypomagnesia because magnesium
what helminth causes hydatid cysts
echinococcus
where do you get echinococcus
dogs
what is familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
this is when you have a mutation in the calcium sensing receptor in theparathyroid so the parathyroid doesnt sense elevated calcium and the kidney continues to reabsorb more
which is methylmalonic acid also low in folate or B12 deficiency
B12 has both low methylmalonic acid and homocysteine
does AML make you hypercoaguable or cause DIC
causes DIC
what does addisons do to eosinophil count
it causes eosinophilia
what is waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
this is when you have a b cell malignancy that causes excess IgM production
clinical signs of waldenstrom
hyperviscosity, neuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, bleeding, lymphadenopathy
what is the rash like in secondary syph
macupapular
what CT do you do for trauma
CT w/out contrast to see bleeds
signs of bubo
painful lymphadenopathy with overlying erythema
when do you get the bubo for chancroid and lymphogranuloma venirium
weeks after the painful ulcer
is actinomyces acid fast
no it is not
which organisms are acid fast
nocardia and mycobacterium
what are the side effects of antithyroid drugs
neutropenia, PTU- fulminant hepatic necrosis, Methimazole- teratogenic
what staphs are in the viridans group
sanguinis, mitis, mutans, milleri
what antibodies are present in systemic sclerosis
anti topoisomerase, anti centormere
in the hospital what do you want sugars to be
140-180
what type of lesions are sclerotic (blastic) vs. osteolytic in the spine
sclerotic: prostate CA and SCLC // osteolytic: multiple myeloma, thyroid, melanoma, NSCLC // mixed: breast and GI CA
when do you treat for uremic pericarditis
> 60BUN
signs of neutorpenia
oral ulcerations, fever, sore throat
what cell lines are elevated in polycythemia vera
all of them but especially the RBCs
what is infectious keratitis
this is inflammation and infection of the cornea
signs of HSV keratitis
branched dendritic ulcerations
which multiple endocrine neoplasias have medullary thyroid
2a and 2b
what causes elevated eosinophils
parasitic infection, neoplasms, allergy, aspergillus, low cortisol
treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning
fomepizole or ethanol if fomepizole is not available
treatment of organophosphate poisoning
atropine and pralodoxime
what causes the HTN in hyperthyroidism
elevated myocyte contractility
what should a patient be put on for aspiration pneumonia
amox // doxy // macrolide
what does the icepack test dx
myasthenia gravis
sign of massive PE
syncope, hemodynamic collapse, elevated JVP, hypotension due to decreased cardiac output, diaphoresis
what type of cardiomyopathy does alcohol cause
dilated cardiomyopathy
what is primary biliary cholangitis
autoimmune destruction of the intrahepatic ducts
what Ab is associated with primary biliary cholangitis
antimitocondrial
what are the complications of primary biliary cholangitis
fat soluble vitamin malabsorption, ostoemalacia, hepatocellular carcinoma
what does it mean if haptoglobin is low
this means that there is hemolysis because hemoglobin binds to the haptoglobin and causes it to precipitate
what is intravascular vs. extravascular hemolysis
intravascular is when there is damage to the RBC in vessels and extravascular is in the spleen or lymph nodes
what should the FiO2 be in an intubated patient
it should be <60%
what is FiO2
this is the percent of inhaled air that is oxygen, normal room air is 21%
what is sporothrix
dimorphic fungi,
signs of sporothrix infection
painless pruritic nodules that ulcerate and drain a nonpurulent exudate
what is rhizopus
this is what causes mucor mycosis
how should you treat patients with WPW and afib
they need rhythm control not rate bc blocking their AV node can worsen their WPW so you do procainamide or ibutilide
when do you start getting LVH due to aortic stenosis
when valve is less than 1cm2
what can happen with longterm uncontrolled afib
tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy which is due to LV dilation and cardiomyocyte damage
what type of diarrhea do you get with SIBO
greasy
treatment of frostbite
rapid rewarming in water, pain relief, wound care
what does the eye look like for anterior uveitis
conjectival injection, hazy flare in aqueous humor
what is anterior uveitis associated with
IBD, akylosing spondyloarthritis, etc
associated symptoms with glaucoma
nausea, vomiting, headache, photophobia
how soon do you need to start HIV PEP
as soon as possible like within 4 hours
does a release of information have to be written
no it can be verbal or written
risk factors for crypto
contaminated water, immunocompromised
signs of crypto
Prolonged, severe diarrhea with weight loss/malabsorption
popliteal cyst and OA
they can develop together, if a patient has a fluctuant swelling behind the knee this is what that is
signs of chronic arsenic poisoning
Chronic: hypo-/hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, stocking-glove neuropathy
common sources of arsenic
Pesticides/insecticides, Contaminated water (often from wells), Pressure-treated wood
signs of microscopic colitis on biopsy
mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate within the lamina propria, thickened collagen band
