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Ecosystems > Deck 2 > Flashcards

Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the Earth is covered with water?

A

75% of the earth

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2
Q

How much of the surface water is in the ocean?

A

95% of the water

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3
Q

How many oceans are there?

A

5 oceans split but only 1 body of water

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4
Q

What are the 3 zones that the ocean can be divided into?

A

euphotic (sunlitzone) disphotic (twilight zone) and the aphotic (midnight zone)

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5
Q

What are the 3 major groups of living organisms in the ocean?

A

Benthos, (plants and animals that live on the ocean floor)
Nekton (animals that can move freely)
Plankton (algae that drift with the ocean currents)

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6
Q

Where will you find coral reefs?

A

Warm, clear water near the equator (in the tropical zone)

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7
Q

What are coral reefs made from?

A

Coral reefs are formations built from exoskeletons of coral polyps.

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8
Q

Where do corals get most of their energy?

A

From a special type of algae called polyp that lives inside of them

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9
Q

What are the 3 main types of coral reefs?

A

Barrier reefs, atoll reefs, and fringing reefs

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10
Q

What are some of the animals that live in a coral reef besides corals?

A

sponges, shrimp, sea stars, moray eels, and many species of fish

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11
Q

What is a beach?

A

an actively changing ecosystem (shore)

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12
Q

What are the 2 main kinds of beaches?

A

Rocky or sandy beaches

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13
Q

What is an intertidal zone?

A

The area of land that is covered at high tide and uncovered at low tide.

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14
Q

What are some animals you are likely to see in a beach ecosystem?

A

gulls, other birds, crabs, sand dollars, turtles

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15
Q

What is an estuary?

A

Where fresh water flows into saltwater

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16
Q

Name 3 types of estuaries.

A

salt marsh, salt meadows, mangrove forest

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17
Q

What are some plants you might find in an estuary?

A

mangroves, small herbs and shrubs

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18
Q

Name several animals that you might find in an estuary

A

snails, worms, shellfish, other birds such as bittern and the rail

19
Q

What is a lake?

A

large bodies of freshwater

20
Q

What is a pond?

A

lakes that are shallow and do not have an aphotic zone

21
Q

What are 2 ways that lakes were formed in the past?

A

many were carved out by the movement of glaciers and others fill the craters of extinct volcanos

22
Q

What is an overturn?

A

A rapid exchange of cold and warm water regions within a lake.

23
Q

What is an algae bloom?

A

A sudden growth in algae that can turn the surface of a lake or a pond green

24
Q

What is a river?

A

An ecosystem that contains flowing fresh-water

25
Q

Where does most of the energy for a river ecosystem come from?

A

the breaking down of leaves and other plant material that falls into the water

26
Q

Name some plants you might find in a river ecosystem.

A

grasses, willows, alders, elkslip

27
Q

What is a tributary?

A

A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger river

28
Q

What is the riparian zone?

A

Where there is abundant plant life along the banks

29
Q

What is a watershed?

A

All of the land that has water flowing into a particular river or body of water.

30
Q

What might happen in the ocean if the currents stopped flowing?

A

It would create competition

31
Q

Why do most animals in the ocean live in the euphotic zone?

A

Because that is where all the producers live (photosynthesis makes own food)

32
Q

Why might the aphotic zone occur at a shallower depth than 660 feet in some areas?

A

Because of the murky water

33
Q

Why are coral reefs found in water that is usually less than 150 feet deep?

A

Because the sunlight is needed to create algae

34
Q

Why do corals grow best in swift water?

A

Because of the minerals

35
Q

Why might you find different plants and animals on a rocky beach from those on a sandy beach?

A

Because they are different environments

36
Q

How is new sand formed?

A

By crushed up rocks and minerals

37
Q

What is a maritime forest?

A

The area of shrubs and trees on an island

38
Q

What is a dune system?

A

The area at a beach when you can see one ecosystem change into another

39
Q

What is a primary dune?

A

The area of land closest to the beach

40
Q

What is a secondary dune?

A

The area when the part of landscape changes from one of primarily grass to one of grass and shrubs.

41
Q

What is coral bleaching?

A

When many of the corals have expelled (thrown up) the algae that they eat

42
Q

What is bad about coral bleaching (good)

A

Bad: They loose their color and main source of food
Good: They will get new algae and become healthy again

43
Q

Why does coral bleaching happen?

A

no one knows for sure but here are some possibilities:

  1. unusual stresses
  2. an increase in ultraviolet radiation (if water is 2 still, 2 much (U) radiation can reach the corals and damage their tissues)
  3. disease

Ecosystems (4 decks)

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