Deck 2

Question 1

How much of the Earth is covered with water?

Answer 1

75% of the earth

Question 2

How much of the surface water is in the ocean?

Answer 2

95% of the water

Question 3

How many oceans are there?

Answer 3

5 oceans split but only 1 body of water

Question 4

What are the 3 zones that the ocean can be divided into?

Answer 4

euphotic (sunlitzone) disphotic (twilight zone) and the aphotic (midnight zone)

Question 5

What are the 3 major groups of living organisms in the ocean?

Answer 5

Benthos, (plants and animals that live on the ocean floor)
Nekton (animals that can move freely)
Plankton (algae that drift with the ocean currents)

Question 6

Where will you find coral reefs?

Answer 6

Warm, clear water near the equator (in the tropical zone)

Question 7

What are coral reefs made from?

Answer 7

Coral reefs are formations built from exoskeletons of coral polyps.

Question 8

Where do corals get most of their energy?

Answer 8

From a special type of algae called polyp that lives inside of them

Question 9

What are the 3 main types of coral reefs?

Answer 9

Barrier reefs, atoll reefs, and fringing reefs

Question 10

What are some of the animals that live in a coral reef besides corals?

Answer 10

sponges, shrimp, sea stars, moray eels, and many species of fish

Question 11

What is a beach?

Answer 11

an actively changing ecosystem (shore)

Question 12

What are the 2 main kinds of beaches?

Answer 12

Rocky or sandy beaches

Question 13

What is an intertidal zone?

Answer 13

The area of land that is covered at high tide and uncovered at low tide.

Question 14

What are some animals you are likely to see in a beach ecosystem?

Answer 14

gulls, other birds, crabs, sand dollars, turtles

Question 15

What is an estuary?

Answer 15

Where fresh water flows into saltwater

Question 16

Name 3 types of estuaries.

Answer 16

salt marsh, salt meadows, mangrove forest

Question 17

What are some plants you might find in an estuary?

Answer 17

mangroves, small herbs and shrubs

Question 18

Name several animals that you might find in an estuary

Answer 18

snails, worms, shellfish, other birds such as bittern and the rail

Question 19

What is a lake?

Answer 19

large bodies of freshwater

Question 20

What is a pond?

Answer 20

lakes that are shallow and do not have an aphotic zone

Question 21

What are 2 ways that lakes were formed in the past?

Answer 21

many were carved out by the movement of glaciers and others fill the craters of extinct volcanos

Question 22

What is an overturn?

Answer 22

A rapid exchange of cold and warm water regions within a lake.

Question 23

What is an algae bloom?

Answer 23

A sudden growth in algae that can turn the surface of a lake or a pond green

Question 24

What is a river?

Answer 24

An ecosystem that contains flowing fresh-water

Question 25

Where does most of the energy for a river ecosystem come from?

Answer 25

the breaking down of leaves and other plant material that falls into the water

Question 26

Name some plants you might find in a river ecosystem.

Answer 26

grasses, willows, alders, elkslip

Question 27

What is a tributary?

Answer 27

A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger river

Question 28

What is the riparian zone?

Answer 28

Where there is abundant plant life along the banks

Question 29

What is a watershed?

Answer 29

All of the land that has water flowing into a particular river or body of water.

Question 30

What might happen in the ocean if the currents stopped flowing?

Answer 30

It would create competition

Question 31

Why do most animals in the ocean live in the euphotic zone?

Answer 31

Because that is where all the producers live (photosynthesis makes own food)

Question 32

Why might the aphotic zone occur at a shallower depth than 660 feet in some areas?

Answer 32

Because of the murky water

Question 33

Why are coral reefs found in water that is usually less than 150 feet deep?

Answer 33

Because the sunlight is needed to create algae

Question 34

Why do corals grow best in swift water?

Answer 34

Because of the minerals

Question 35

Why might you find different plants and animals on a rocky beach from those on a sandy beach?

Answer 35

Because they are different environments

Question 36

How is new sand formed?

Answer 36

By crushed up rocks and minerals

Question 37

What is a maritime forest?

Answer 37

The area of shrubs and trees on an island

Question 38

What is a dune system?

Answer 38

The area at a beach when you can see one ecosystem change into another

Question 39

What is a primary dune?

Answer 39

The area of land closest to the beach

Question 40

What is a secondary dune?

Answer 40

The area when the part of landscape changes from one of primarily grass to one of grass and shrubs.

Question 41

What is coral bleaching?

Answer 41

When many of the corals have expelled (thrown up) the algae that they eat

Question 42

What is bad about coral bleaching (good)

Answer 42

Bad: They loose their color and main source of food Good: They will get new algae and become healthy again

Question 43

Why does coral bleaching happen?

Answer 43

no one knows for sure but here are some possibilities: 1. unusual stresses 2. an increase in ultraviolet radiation (if water is 2 still, 2 much (U) radiation can reach the corals and damage their tissues) 3. disease