Deck

Question 1

Cyclin

Answer 1

Proteins that start certain steps of mitosis

Question 2

Cyclin-dependent kinase

Answer 2

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule.

Question 3

How is a microarray made?

Answer 3

Printing DNA using an arrayer

Question 4

What do microarrays detect?

Answer 4

Over or underexpression of genes in cancer vs healthy cells

Question 5

Green spot in microarray

Answer 5

Less active in cancer

Question 6

Red spot in microarray

Answer 6

More active in cancer

Question 7

cDNA in microarrays

Answer 7

Copy/complementary DNA, hybridizes with sample

Question 8

Why do we use cDNA instead of RNA?

Answer 8

It’s more stable and less prone to degradation

Question 9

Ultrasounds

Answer 9

Soundwaves emitted from transducer, beams bounce back to collect data (3.5-7 MHz)

Question 10

X-ray

Answer 10

2D images, structures containing air will be black. Muscle/fat/fluid all gray, uses radiation

Question 11

Pros of X rays

Answer 11

Noninvasive, quick and painless, cheap

Question 12

Cons of X rays

Answer 12

2D images, cancer risk, structural info

Question 13

CT scan

Answer 13

Combines X rays from multiple angles

Question 14

Pros of CT scans

Answer 14

Noninvasive, accurate, quick and painless, full body, can be performed with implant

Question 15

Cons of CT scans

Answer 15

Radiation, uses contrast media, structural not functional

Question 16

MRI

Answer 16

Detailed images of soft tissue

Question 17

Pros of MRI

Answer 17

Noninvasive, accurate, painless, almost no risk, less allergenic contrast

Question 18

Cons of MRI

Answer 18

Not implant safe, takes longer, claustrophobia, not good for bone

Question 19

Bone scan

Answer 19

2D images, looks for abnormalities, uses tracers

Question 20

PET scan

Answer 20

Gives an idea of metabolism, usually combined with CT, uses tracer, no structural info