Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclin

A

Proteins that start certain steps of mitosis

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2
Q

Cyclin-dependent kinase

A

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule.

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3
Q

How is a microarray made?

A

Printing DNA using an arrayer

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4
Q

What do microarrays detect?

A

Over or underexpression of genes in cancer vs healthy cells

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5
Q

Green spot in microarray

A

Less active in cancer

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6
Q

Red spot in microarray

A

More active in cancer

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7
Q

cDNA in microarrays

A

Copy/complementary DNA, hybridizes with sample

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8
Q

Why do we use cDNA instead of RNA?

A

It’s more stable and less prone to degradation

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9
Q

Ultrasounds

A

Soundwaves emitted from transducer, beams bounce back to collect data (3.5-7 MHz)

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10
Q

X-ray

A

2D images, structures containing air will be black. Muscle/fat/fluid all gray, uses radiation

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11
Q

Pros of X rays

A

Noninvasive, quick and painless, cheap

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12
Q

Cons of X rays

A

2D images, cancer risk, structural info

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13
Q

CT scan

A

Combines X rays from multiple angles

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14
Q

Pros of CT scans

A

Noninvasive, accurate, quick and painless, full body, can be performed with implant

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15
Q

Cons of CT scans

A

Radiation, uses contrast media, structural not functional

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16
Q

MRI

A

Detailed images of soft tissue

17
Q

Pros of MRI

A

Noninvasive, accurate, painless, almost no risk, less allergenic contrast

18
Q

Cons of MRI

A

Not implant safe, takes longer, claustrophobia, not good for bone

19
Q

Bone scan

A

2D images, looks for abnormalities, uses tracers

20
Q

PET scan

A

Gives an idea of metabolism, usually combined with CT, uses tracer, no structural info