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PHARMACOLOGY for CCCC MEDIC 2 > DECK 1 - SYMPATHETIC VS PARASYMPATHETIC > Flashcards

DECK 1 - SYMPATHETIC VS PARASYMPATHETIC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the branches of the nervous system?

A

somatic and autonomic

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2
Q

What are the two autonomic divisions?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic (fight/flight, feed/breed)

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3
Q

generalize what activating sympathetic system will do-

A

OPEN LUNGS, SQUEEZE VEINS, SPEED HEART, SLOW DIGESTION/URINE, INCREASE SWEAT, DILATE PUPILS

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4
Q

generalize what activating the parasympathetic system will do-

A

CLOSE LUNGS, OPEN VEINS, SLOW HEART, SPEED DIGESTION, CONSTRICT PUPILS

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5
Q

What nerves for the sympathetic and parasypathetic?

A

Thoracolumbar (S) and craniosacral (P)

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6
Q

generic name of sympathetic transmitters

A

catacholamines

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7
Q

Chief parasympathetic transmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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8
Q

What are the major catacholamines?

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine (and dopamine)

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9
Q

sympathetic receptors are called _____

A

adrenergic receptors (think adrenaline)

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10
Q

parasympathetic receptors are called ____

A

cholinergic receptors (acetylCHOLINE)

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11
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

parasympathetic receptor

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12
Q

cholenergic agonist will___

A

activate parasympathetic - rest digest

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13
Q

adrenergic agonists will___

A

activate sympathetic -feed breed

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14
Q

cholinergic antagonist will __

A

prevent cholinergic receptors from working - helping sympathetic.

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15
Q

adrenergic antagonist will ___

A

prevent andrenergic receptors from working - helping parasympathetic.

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16
Q

Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine are trasmitters for

A

sympathetic

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17
Q

other names for epinephrine and norepinephrine? (in the UK)

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

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18
Q

How and where are epinephrine and norepinephrine made and when are they released?

A

Norepinepherine is made in the adrenal medula (adrenal gland behind the kidneys), synthesized from dopamine. It is released all the time. In times of stress, the norepi is synthesized into epinepherine. (dopamine becomes norepinepherine becomes epinepherine)

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19
Q

Where is a little bit of norepi and epi produced?

A

Although made mostly in the adrenal glands, some is made in the brain- medulla oblongata - synthesized from proteins.

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20
Q

Is epinepherine contiuously produced?

A

Epinepherine is only produced in times of stress. It is made from norepinephrine. Both epi and norepi production increases in FIGHT FLIGHT.

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21
Q

Is norepinepherine coutinuously produced?

A

norepinepherine is always being produced from dopamine in the medula. It is the primary transmitter of the sympathetic nervous system. Production increases in FIGHT/FLIGH

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22
Q

where is acetylcholine produced?

A

in nerve endings- MADE FROM CHOLINE

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23
Q

what does acetylcholine do to body?

A

bronchoconstriction, decrease in heartrate, force and conductivity, increases disgestion (smooth muscle contraction: lungs, bladder, gastro), constricts pupils

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24
Q

what do the cholamines (epi/norepi/dope) do to body?

A

bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, increased heart rate/force/conductivity slows digestion/urine (smooth muscle relaxer: lungs, bladder, GI), constricts pupils.

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25
Q

Do epinepherine and norepinepherine do the same thing?

A

Day to day, norepinephrine controls vasoconstricion. During fight/flight when epi is released, they act similar but Norepi considered more vascular, Epi more cardiac, but both do it all

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26
Q

What are the receptors for the sympathetic system called? (and where?)

A

A1- vascular A2- vascular B1 heart B2 lungs Dopamine(coronary arteries, renal vessels)

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27
Q

What are the receptors for the parasympathetic system? (and where?)

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic in the smooth muscles and glands, some in the heart and other places

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28
Q

where are smooth muscles located?

A

Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs: stomach, iintestines, bladder, uturus and in blood/lumph vessels and the tracts of resp,urinary and reproductive system.

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29
Q

What are muscarinic and nicotinic ?

A

receptors for parasympathetic

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30
Q

Nicotinic receptor- agonistic effect

A

speeds up digestion - squeeze smooth muscles

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31
Q

muscarinic 2 receptors?

A

located in heart - slows down heart B1 ANTAGONIST- also speeds up digestion

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32
Q

What does epinepherine do to body? (what receptors)

A

Vasoconstriction, increase heart rate, force, heart conduction velocity, bronchodilation and vasodilation in lungs - A1, B1, B2

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33
Q

What does norepinepherine do to the body (what receptors)

A

Day to day, norepinepherine works primarily on vasoconstriction, A1. Fight/Flight, norepi acts like, or assists epi: A1, B1, B2

34
Q

How does dopamine behave? (what receptors?)

A

high doses: squeeze veins and speeds heart..
A1 vasoconstrict, B1 increase heart rate (+chronotrope), force (+inotrope), electric velocity (+dromotrope).
Inhaled it bronchodilates also.
LOW DOSES on D1 and D2 receptors

35
Q

a drug that impacts heart rate is called-

A

chronotrope (chronological time) can be + or -

36
Q

a drug that alter force of contraction is called ? (heart)

A

inotrope
(“the force, I know” yoda) can be + or -

37
Q

drugs that alter conduction velocity in the heart are called?

A

dromotrope
(hit the DRUM to change conduction and AV speed(automoticity) can be + or -

38
Q

positive chronotrope will ___

A

increase heart rate

(chronological- time)

39
Q

positive inotrope will __

A

increase contraction force (the force, I know)

40
Q

positive dromotrope will ___

A

increase heart conduction speed (Conductor, hit the drum to change speed ) - impacts automaticity, impacts noded- how fast signals go throught the heart and from SA-AV-his bundle-bundle branches- perkinje fibers

41
Q

negative chronotrope will ___

A

slow heart rate

42
Q

negative inotrope will ___

A

decrease heart force

43
Q

negative dromotrope will ___

A

slow heart conduction speed

(slow electric activity in heart)

44
Q

A1 receptor

A

peripheral vasoconstriction increase BP

45
Q

A2 receptor

A

peripheral vasodilation decrease BP

46
Q

B1 receptor

A

Increase heart rate/force/automaticity and conduction (positive chronotope, inotrope and dromotrope)

47
Q

B2 receptors

A

Bronchodilation, uterine and GI smooth muscle relaxation- SLOWS DIGESTION AND URINATION

48
Q

catacholamine vs acetylcholine

A

acetylcholine REST/DIGEST transmitter (parasympathetic).
Catacholamines are epi/norepi/dope- the FIGHT/FLIGHT transmitters. (siympathetic)

49
Q

____MIMETIC

A

MIMICS or resembles

50
Q

____LYTIC

A

BLOCKS-

51
Q

ANTI____

A

WORKS AGAINST/BLOCKS

52
Q

___ ERGIC

A

resembles- like-

53
Q

agonist

A

activates

54
Q

antagonist

A

deactivates

55
Q

catacholamine

A

the transmitters epi/norepi/dope HELPS FIGHT/FLIGHT

56
Q

acetylcholine

A

the transmitter for parasymp HELPS REST/DIGEST

57
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

mimics sympathetic-HELPS FIGHT/FLIGHT

58
Q

Anticholoinergenic

A

works against cholinergenic- HELPS FIGHT/FLIGHT

59
Q

cholinergenic

A

like acetylcholine HELPS REST/DIGEST

60
Q

parasympathomimetic

A

mimics parasympathetic- HELPS REST/DIGEST

61
Q

Sympatholytic

A

blocks sympathetic- HELPS REST DIGEST

62
Q

Parasymatholytic

A

blocks parasympathetic- HELPS FIGHT/FLIGHT

63
Q

Adrenergic

A

resembles adrenaline HELPS FIGHT/FLIGHT

64
Q

Adrenergic Blocker

A

blocks adrenaline like stuff HELPS REST/DIGEST

65
Q

Cholinergic Blocker

A

Blocks acetylcholine HELPS FIGHT/FLIGHT

66
Q

Sympathetic Blocker

A

blocks sympathetic- HELPS REST DIGEST

67
Q

which division increases digestion?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC - nicotinic and muscarinic

68
Q

which division decreases digestion?

A

SYMPATHETIC- alpha tightens sphincters and beta slows the walls

69
Q

which division causes periphereral vasoconstriction?

A

SYMPATHETIC- alpha 1

70
Q

which division causes peripheral vasodilation?

A

SYMPATHETIC- alpha 2

71
Q

which division causes brochodilation?

A

SYMPATHETIC- beta 2- need to breath when fighting

72
Q

which division causes bronchoconstriction?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC - muscarinic

73
Q

Which division increases heart rate and force and conduction speed?

A

SYMPATHETIC- BETA 1

74
Q

which division decreases heart rate and force and conduction speed?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC - muscarinic

75
Q

which division increases sweating?

A

SYMPATHETIC- sweat when running

76
Q

which system diates pupils?

A

SYMPATHETIC- need to see to fight

77
Q

which system constricts pupils?

A

PARASYMPATHETIC- no need to see when resting

78
Q

norepinephrine vs epinephriine vs dopamine receptors

A

norepinephrine-A1,B1,B2 (A1 daily). Epineprhine A1, B1, B2 dopamine A1, B1

79
Q

Beta 1 blocker will

A

block B1: slow heart rate

80
Q

nonselective Beta Blocker will

A

block B1 and B2: decrease heart rate and cardiac output, bronchoconstriction

PHARMACOLOGY for CCCC MEDIC 2 (11 decks)

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