Deck 1/Page 1 Flashcards
3 layers of the heart wall
- Epicardium= visceral pericardium
- Myocardium = cardiac muscle (bulk of heart)
- Endocardium = smooth inner lining of heart chambers and valves (simple squamus epithelium)
Chambers of the heart (2)
Atria= upper chambers Ventricles = lower chambers
Right and Left atrium are separated by what?
interatrial septum
Atria characteristics:
- receives blood from veins (PASSIVE)
- thin walled chambers
- covered by ear like flaps called auricles
- Fossa ovalis - oval shaped/concave
Right and Left ventricle are separated by what?
interventricular septum
Ventricles characteristics:
- pump blood from the heart into arteries (ACTIVE)
- thick walled chambers
- trabeculae carneae
What are Trabeculae Carneae?
the irregular inner surface (ridges and folds) of the ventricles
Arteries do what with blood?
They carry blood AWAY from the heart
Major blood vessels associated with the heart are?
- Arteries
a. Aorta
b. Pulmonary arteries
c. Coronary arteries - Veins
a. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
b. Coronary sinus
c. Pulmonary veins
Veins do what with blood?
They carry blood TOWARD the heart
Arteries carry blood that are: high and low in what?
VS Veins?
Arteries are: High in O2 and Low in CO2
*Except pulmonary arteries, which are low in O2 and high in CO2
Veins are: High in CO2 and Low in O2
*Except pulmonary veins that are high in O2 and low in CO2
Aorta, Pulmonary arteries, and
Coronary arteries carry blood from where to where?
- Aorta: carries blood from L ventricle to the body
- Pulmonary arteries: carry blood from R ventricle to lungs (via pulmonary trunk)
- Coronary arteries carry blood to myocardium
What blood vessels are highest in O2?
Coronary arteries and Pulmonary Veins
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary sinus and Pulmonary veins carry blood from where to where?
- Superior Vena Cava brings blood from Head to Upper limbs
- Inferior Vena Cava brings blood from Trunk to Lower limbs
- Coronary Sinus brings blood from the myocardium
- # 1-3 Deposit Oxygen- POOR blood into RIGHT ATRIUM
- Pulmonary veins bring Oxygen-RICH blood from lungs to Left atrium
General function of heart valves
Prevent back flow of blood
Location of Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)/ Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve: (R AV valve) lies between the Right atrium and ventricle
Bicuspid Valve: (L AV valve) lies between Left atrium and ventricle
Semilunar Valves (SL valves)
Pulmonary SL Valve: lies within pulmonary trunk
Aortic SL Valve: lies within the aorta
Pulmonary Circulation does what?
Occurs between the heart and lungs
Coronary Circulation is?
How the heart muscle itself is supplied with blood
or, the pathway through the Myocardium
Systemic Circulation is?
Circulation of blood throughout the body through the arteries, capillaries, and veins
Anastomoses
connections between 2 or more branches of arteries that supply the same region of blood
- may provide alternate routes for blood to reach a particular region
- many in the heart
4 branches of the heart:
Left Coronary Artery:
- Circumflex Branch (goes around back)
- Anterior Interventricular Branch (“Anterior Descending Branch”) (“Widow Maker”) - buildup of athrosclerotic plaque
Right Coronary Artery:
- Right marginal Branch
- Posterior interventricular Branch
