Deck 1/Page 1

Question 1

3 layers of the heart wall

Answer 1

1. Epicardium= visceral pericardium
2. Myocardium = cardiac muscle (bulk of heart)
3. Endocardium = smooth inner lining of heart chambers and valves (simple squamus epithelium)

Question 2

Chambers of the heart (2)

Answer 2

Atria= upper chambers
Ventricles = lower chambers

Question 3

Right and Left atrium are separated by what?

Answer 3

interatrial septum

Question 4

Atria characteristics:

Answer 4

1. receives blood from veins (PASSIVE)
2. thin walled chambers
3. covered by ear like flaps called auricles
4. Fossa ovalis - oval shaped/concave

Question 5

Right and Left ventricle are separated by what?

Answer 5

interventricular septum

Question 6

Ventricles characteristics:

Answer 6

1. pump blood from the heart into arteries (ACTIVE)
2. thick walled chambers
3. trabeculae carneae

Question 7

What are Trabeculae Carneae?

Answer 7

the irregular inner surface (ridges and folds) of the ventricles

Question 8

Arteries do what with blood?

Answer 8

They carry blood AWAY from the heart

Question 9

Major blood vessels associated with the heart are?

Answer 9

1. Arteries
   a. Aorta
   b. Pulmonary arteries
   c. Coronary arteries
2. Veins
   a. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
   b. Coronary sinus
   c. Pulmonary veins

Question 10

Veins do what with blood?

Answer 10

They carry blood TOWARD the heart

Question 11

Arteries carry blood that are: high and low in what?

VS Veins?

Answer 11

Arteries are: High in O2 and Low in CO2

*Except pulmonary arteries, which are low in O2 and high in CO2

Veins are: High in CO2 and Low in O2

*Except pulmonary veins that are high in O2 and low in CO2

Question 12

Aorta, Pulmonary arteries, and

Coronary arteries carry blood from where to where?

Answer 12

1. Aorta: carries blood from L ventricle to the body
2. Pulmonary arteries: carry blood from R ventricle to lungs (via pulmonary trunk)
3. Coronary arteries carry blood to myocardium

Question 13

What blood vessels are highest in O2?

Answer 13

Coronary arteries and Pulmonary Veins

Question 14

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary sinus and Pulmonary veins carry blood from where to where?

Answer 14

1. Superior Vena Cava brings blood from Head to Upper limbs
2. Inferior Vena Cava brings blood from Trunk to Lower limbs
3. Coronary Sinus brings blood from the myocardium

• # 1-3 Deposit Oxygen- POOR blood into RIGHT ATRIUM
  4. Pulmonary veins bring Oxygen-RICH blood from lungs to Left atrium

Question 15

General function of heart valves

Answer 15

Prevent back flow of blood

Question 16

Location of Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)/ Mitral Valve

Answer 16

Tricuspid Valve: (R AV valve) lies between the Right atrium and ventricle

Bicuspid Valve: (L AV valve) lies between Left atrium and ventricle

Question 17

Semilunar Valves (SL valves)

Answer 17

Pulmonary SL Valve: lies within pulmonary trunk

Aortic SL Valve: lies within the aorta

Question 18

Pulmonary Circulation does what?

Answer 18

Occurs between the heart and lungs

Question 19

Coronary Circulation is?

Answer 19

How the heart muscle itself is supplied with blood

or, the pathway through the Myocardium

Question 20

Systemic Circulation is?

Answer 20

Circulation of blood throughout the body through the arteries, capillaries, and veins

Question 21

Anastomoses

Answer 21

connections between 2 or more branches of arteries that supply the same region of blood

• may provide alternate routes for blood to reach a particular region
• many in the heart

Question 22

4 branches of the heart:

Answer 22

Left Coronary Artery:

1. Circumflex Branch (goes around back)
2. Anterior Interventricular Branch (“Anterior Descending Branch”) (“Widow Maker”) - buildup of athrosclerotic plaque

Right Coronary Artery:

3. Right marginal Branch
4. Posterior interventricular Branch