Deck 09_Musculoskeletal-kayrene Flashcards
What is osteoporosis? “silent disease”. Loss of bone density
- What is osteoporosis?
- “Silent disease”—Loss of bone density
- Chronic metabolic disease, bone loss
- How is it prevented?
Recommended walking for 30 mins, 3-5 times a week.
Weight management, smoking cessation, physical activity
Dual-energy x-ray (DEXA): test to rule out secondary osteoporosis
- osteopenia: T-Score -1 to -2.5
- osteoporosis: T-Score -2.5 or lower
- What is done to treat it?
- Vitamin D supplement Bisphosphonates, Estrogen agontist/anatogonist
- Physical activity!
What are risk factors for osteoarthritis?
- Repetitive motions
- Trauma
- inflammation
- overuse
- above-average body weight
- age > 55 years
- female sex
- occupation
- sport activities
- muscle weakness
- genetics
What joints are usually affected with osteoporosis?
- What joints are usually affected with osteoporosis?
- Weight-bearing joints (knees, hips) hands, spine, upper extremities-overuse/trauma
- Unilateral involvement
- Bouchard’s nodes (pips) and Herberden’s node(dips)
- What are the goals when caring for these patients?
- Patients have increased pain with activity so patient will improve with rest.
- Control pain and improve joint function, rest and relief
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What are treatments for osteoarthritis?
- NSAIDS, tylenol, opoids
- cold packs- joint pain
- heat therapy- muscle pain
Discuss management of rheumatoid arthritis?
What are risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis? genetic
Permanent joint disability
Risk for chronic low self-esteem, disturbed body image, joint pain, joint swelling, affects synovial membranes, osteopenia, muscle weakness, pericarditis, pleuritis
What joints are usually affected?
Typically bilateral involvement.
Joint deformities: swan neck, Boutonniere, Ulnar
What are the goals when caring for these patients?
- readiness for enhanced self-health management
- self-care teaching
What are treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?
- administer medication for pain!
Discuss gout
- What is gout? What are the risk factors for gout?
Urate crystal deposits in joint spaces and damages joints
- RFs: genetics, MEN 40-60 yrs old, Women 55-70, obesity, hypertension, alcohol consumption, diet high meat and seafood, using thiazide diuretics
- What joint in gout is commonly affected?
Podagra- 1st MTP (great toe)
urate kidney stones
Tophi: urate crystal under skin and major organs
What are the elements of the neurovascular assessment for the patient with a fracture?
6 Ps:
- Pain
- Paralysis
- Paresthesia
- Pulselessness
- Pallor
- Poikilothermia
Identify complications of fracture and recognize presentation of complications.
Compartment syndrome: V/Q mismatch, fascia holds in muscles/bones compartments get over stretched compression on nerves and blood vessels, no perfusion
e:Neurovascular compromise: changes in sensation/feelings
Venous thromboembolim (VTE)
Fat embolism : yellow marrow is fat, like the long bone fat can get into the blood- stream and go to the pulmonary artery and block it up symptoms will be pulmonary
Rhabdomyolysis : crush injuries ( pressure on an area and can’t get perfused, toxins end up hurting the kidneys, cause kidney failure.
Hypovolemia : bone is highly vascularized
Malunion: (do whatever manipulations)
Nonunion: (bone creates a callus-beginning of healing process, bone never comes together)
Infection
What are complications of an amputation?
-Hemmorhage, infection
- phantom limb pain (impulses come back)
- Neuroma ( benign tumor that can develop on the nerve)
- Flexion contractures: ( Creates an contracture, not going to be able to get a prosthetic limb
