Decision-making and impulsivity Flashcards
Define the concept “cognitive control”.
Executive function:
- how outside info (sensory input), internal states (emotions and mood), experience (learning and memory), personality traits, are integrated to shape our behavior (motor outputs).
- allows us to perform goal-oriented behaviors that will serve long-term survival
Define the concept “decision-making”.
simplest form:
- yes/no of perception of sensory input
more complex:
- from yes/no to 2 or more different alternatives (choices)
- based on repeated sampling of the available evidence (monitor for changes)
- include evaluation of value and preferences
Provide examples of parameters that shape decision-making.
- available info (and attention to it)
- perceived raltive values (reward)
- past experiences
- emotions/states
- personality traits (e.g., impulsivity)
Describe major types of impulsivity.
Decisional
- delay discounting
- probabilistic discounting
- reflection impulsivity
Motor
- premature responding
- stopping inhibition
What tests can be used to asses cognitive control?
- stroop test: interference from irrelevant info (wrong word to color)
- Tower of London/Hanoi: planning
- Wisconsin card sorting: set-shifting, adapting response to changing rules
What tests can be used to asses impulsivity?
- delay discounting: reinforced by food treats (rodent), money (human) or marshmellows (young humans) - the longer you wait, the better the treat
- gambling tasks: probalistic discounting
- bead jar test: reflection impulsivity
- 5-choise seriel reaction time task: continous performance test
- go/no-go task: inhibiting an initiated action
What brain regions/systems are involved in decision making?
The prefrontal cortex, the dopamine system, VTA
What brain regions/NT systems are involved in stopping impulsivity?
Brain regions:
- dStriatum
- dl/O-FC
NT systems:
-dopamine
What brain regions/NT systems are involved in impulsivity (delay and probability discounting)?
Brain regions:
- NAc
- PFC
NT systems:
-dopamine
- serotonin
What brain regions/NT systems are involved in impulsivity (premature responses and stopping inhibition)?
Brain regions:
- NAc
- ilFC
NT systems:
-NE
Define the concept “impulsivity”.
- dimensional construct of personality
- a tendency to do things without planning or foresight
- “failure” to resist an impulse, temptation, or drive to perform an act that is harmful to the person or others
What are some impulse control disorders?
- ADHD
- antisocial personality disorder
- borderline personality disorder