Decision-making and impulsivity Flashcards

1
Q

Define the concept “cognitive control”.

A

Executive function:
- how outside info (sensory input), internal states (emotions and mood), experience (learning and memory), personality traits, are integrated to shape our behavior (motor outputs).
- allows us to perform goal-oriented behaviors that will serve long-term survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the concept “decision-making”.

A

simplest form:
- yes/no of perception of sensory input
more complex:
- from yes/no to 2 or more different alternatives (choices)
- based on repeated sampling of the available evidence (monitor for changes)
- include evaluation of value and preferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Provide examples of parameters that shape decision-making.

A
  • available info (and attention to it)
  • perceived raltive values (reward)
  • past experiences
  • emotions/states
  • personality traits (e.g., impulsivity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe major types of impulsivity.

A

Decisional
- delay discounting
- probabilistic discounting
- reflection impulsivity

Motor
- premature responding
- stopping inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What tests can be used to asses cognitive control?

A
  • stroop test: interference from irrelevant info (wrong word to color)
  • Tower of London/Hanoi: planning
  • Wisconsin card sorting: set-shifting, adapting response to changing rules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What tests can be used to asses impulsivity?

A
  • delay discounting: reinforced by food treats (rodent), money (human) or marshmellows (young humans) - the longer you wait, the better the treat
  • gambling tasks: probalistic discounting
  • bead jar test: reflection impulsivity
  • 5-choise seriel reaction time task: continous performance test
  • go/no-go task: inhibiting an initiated action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What brain regions/systems are involved in decision making?

A

The prefrontal cortex, the dopamine system, VTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What brain regions/NT systems are involved in stopping impulsivity?

A

Brain regions:
- dStriatum
- dl/O-FC

NT systems:
-dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What brain regions/NT systems are involved in impulsivity (delay and probability discounting)?

A

Brain regions:
- NAc
- PFC

NT systems:
-dopamine
- serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What brain regions/NT systems are involved in impulsivity (premature responses and stopping inhibition)?

A

Brain regions:
- NAc
- ilFC

NT systems:
-NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define the concept “impulsivity”.

A
  • dimensional construct of personality
  • a tendency to do things without planning or foresight
  • “failure” to resist an impulse, temptation, or drive to perform an act that is harmful to the person or others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some impulse control disorders?

A
  • ADHD
  • antisocial personality disorder
  • borderline personality disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly