decision making

Question 1

What are the stages of decision-making?

Answer 1

1. Recognize the problem.
2. Set objectives.
3. Develop criteria and alternatives.
4. Evaluate and choose the best alternative.
5. Implement and evaluate results.

Question 2

What are programmed and non-programmed decisions?

Answer 2

• Programmed: Routine and structured.
• Non-programmed: Unique and unstructured.

Question 3

What are the conditions under which decisions are made?

Answer 3

1. Certainty: All information is available.
2. Risk: Probabilities of outcomes can be estimated.
3. Uncertainty: Goals are clear, but future events are unpredictable.
4. Ambiguity: Goals and outcomes are unclear.

Question 4

What is the garbage-can model of decision-making?

Answer 4

A decision-making process where solutions, participants, and problems randomly connect in a disorganized manner.