Deception Detection and Stress Flashcards
There are no behaviors that directly indicate deception or lying. What we are looking for is ________, _______, and _______when someone is speaking
discomfort, stress and uncertainty
In this regard, you’re not only learning how to detect when deception is likely in conversations, but you’re also learning how to detect stress. This skill reveals all kinds of internal emotions
To get proficient at determining the likelihood of deception, you must read behaviors in _____ and ________
groups and clusters
When we see a single data point, we must obtain another before making any kind of determination about the presence of deception in someone’s statement. Purpose of the BToE is to show that behaviors come together and form like elements
Behavior is the same in that we need to combine multiple data points to create a cohesive opinion about the interaction.
“_____ bias” suggests that when we like someone, even just a little, our brains will make a decision, without our knowledge, to see only truth. Deceptive indicators and warnings are deleted from the memory of experiences with people.
Truth bias
Our brains are working to do the right thing, and when we interact with someone we like, our brains will seek confirmation of this and ignore anything that conflicts with it.
Hesitancy is designed to buy time and provide room for the person to prepare an answer to the question.
What are the two forms of hesitancy?
- Unusual pause before a person answers a question
– Measure how unusual the pause is based on how they have responded to all the other questions in the conversation - Direct repetition of a question
– However, if someone only repeats part of the question, it’s most likely for clarification and doesn’t qualify for hesistancy.
When someone speaks about something they feel guilty about, they will soften the severity of the crime and distance themselves (with words) from the object of the question.
What is this behavior called?
Psychological Distancing
Softening / Psychological Distancing
Crime Words
Kill =
Steal =
Rape =
Molest =
Assault =
Shoot =
Stab =
Kill = hurt
Steal = take
Rape = have sex with
Molest = interfere with / touch
Assault = hit
Shoot = harm
Stab = hurt
Referring to negative actions with less severity than an innocent person. Guilty people tend to soften how bad it sounds.
Guilty people tend to soften the words describing their crimes. They also do this with ______
names
Criminals are less likely to use the name of the victims, instead referring to them as he or she, or ‘the woman.’ In the workplace, employees will do the same for people they either disdain or may have victimized.
There are seven specific takes an interrogator must accomplish to get the job done. One of them is to ____________________________.
‘Minimize the Seriousness of the Situation.’
[What about Mind Control Operations? Might this be useful?]
If you ever need to question someone, never use harsh or criminal words to describe the event or action. Always soften severity. Suspects have a mental tendency to assign blame, dismiss how severe the crime is, and rationalize their actions. One key job of the interrogators is to help them do just that.
The tone of our voices tends to rise when we ___.
Lie
As stress creates adrenaline on our bodies, it also tightens the neck’s muscles around the vocal cords. A deceptive statement will likely sound higher pitched than the rest of the conversation.
Note: The tone will increase only slightly in contrast to the other statements in the conversation.
Liars will increase the speed of potentially deceptive statements. This happens unconsciously, like all the other indicators. This typically has roots in one of two reasons in the subconscious mind.
What are the two reasons?
Firstly, the brain is stressed out. If the person delivers the statement as fast as possible, they will minimize the time they are experiencing the stress. The speed will differ from the rest of the conversation.
Secondly, the person being deceptive will speed up their answer to avoid being interrupted. If they pause, their brain views this as an opportunity for you to interject and question certain aspects of the statement.
When we speak, we use all kinds of pronouns. It’s built into the fabric of our language. ______ _______ will contain fewer pronouns than our normal speech and may be completely devoid of pronouns altogether.
Deceptive statements
Most people would simply deny having committed an offense. Guilty people tend to make resume statements. What is a resume statement?
Deceptive individuals will frequently use this tool to respond to an interviewer with a long list of reasons why they would never do such a thing and provide you with a resume of sorts. This details out the reasons they are a good person who’s honest, kind, caring, and full of integrity. People who frequently speak about their integrity may be, preemptively, giving resume statements to everyone they encounter to remove doubt and sometimes get them out [of] feelings of guilt or shame.
Did the response answer the question?
Our brains default to the most logical and technical language possible to deceive others or spin a tale to make sure it sounds highly believable. This technical language is not something people decide to speak with on purpose (or consciously); it’s something the brain defaults to regularly when lying.
Don’t =
Can’t =
Wouldn’t =
Shouldn’t =
What is this called?
Translate
Non-Contractions
Do not
Can not
Would not
Should not
Does this match their baseline behavior?
Question reversal is when you ask someone a question and they _______________________________.
ask the question (or a similar question) back to you in defiance or indignance, this is question reversal.
Is this an answer to the question?
Ambiguity simply means ______________________________________________
the answer a person gives us is not fully functional as an answer.
This is not a direct answer, making it a non-answer statement
If someone uses these phrases, our brains, being experts at filling in gaps, will assume they answered the question and move on. Even worse, our brain notices the ambiguity gap, and then we ask a question that allows them to escape completely.
“Well, I usually come in to check my emails.”
“So, you just checked your email?”
All he has to do is a simple response, “Yep”
