Debates Flashcards
What is the for argument for using drugs to treat criminal behaviour?
The criminal justice system rehabilitates offenders to prevent further crime. Criminal behaviour stems from abnormal levels of neurotransmitters, drugs could be used to treat this. Cherek et al (2002) participants given drugs showed decrease in impulsive responses and aggression.
What is the argument against using drugs to treat criminal behaviour?
Even if there’s a neurological basis to criminal behaviour. It would be questionable to include mandatory neurological interventions for prisoners. Farah (2004) if the court uses neurological intervention is signals denial of individuals freedom i.e. freedom to have personality & your own thoughts. Criminal is also left with very little choice about medication.
What is the argument for using TDCS to enhance neurological function?
Could be used to improve the ability of ‘normal’ individuals on academic tasks. It could also be used to reduce symptoms of Alzheimer’s as it enhances memory. Kadash et al (2012) found that TDCS leads to improved problem - solving, mathematical and attention abilities. This means that TDCS could be used in preparation for exams.
What is TDCS?
TDCS stands for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. It sends small electrical currents across specific regions of the brain.
What is the argument against using TDCS to enhance neurological function?
TDCS relatively cheap but some still might not be able to afford it. This makes it unfair if some have access & others don’t. Some may say that that it should be seen in the same way as performance enhancing drugs in sports. There’s also no training required to use this machine and they can be brought online so it could be dangerous.
What is the argument for using neurological techniques to improve marketing techniques?
Social desirability bias can be avoided using eye tracking equipment to see what actually catches someone’s eye while shopping and watching ads. Sands research has been highly successful in Volkswagen ad that contributed to successful sales.
What is the argument against using neurological techniques to improve marketing techniques?
Neuromarketing has access to inner thoughts. This means that free will is potentially manipulated as there is no code of conduct. Nelson (2008) found that 5% of brain scans recorded produced ‘incidental findings’. This means that they may see evidence of brain tumour or other problems with brain functions and they are under no obligation to tell them.
What is the reason for the mother being the primary caregiver due to feeding?
NHS says that its ideal to breastfeed for 6 months to protect from infections and diseases. This also builds a strong bond between mother and baby meaning it is practical and essential for the mother to be the primary caregiver and therefore anyone else, including the father is limited to a supporting role.
What is the reason against the mother being the primary caregiver due to feeding?
Feeding doesn’t necessarily equal love. Harlow (1959) did and experiment with monkeys. There were 2 wire mothers, 1 had a bottle and was responsible for feeding the other was covered in cloth and was there for comfort. He found that the monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother than the feeding mother, especially when they were frightened.
What is the reason for the mother being the primary caregiver due to deprivation damage?
Prolonged separation between a mother and child can have long lasting emotional effects. Bowlby (1944) found separation likely to lead to affectionless character. hence he developed the maternal deprivation hypothesis.
What is the reason against the mother being the primary caregiver due to deprivation damage?
Mothering isn’t necessarily exclusive to a child’s mother. Bowlby wrote that ‘a child should experience a warm intimate relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute).
What is the reason for the mother being the primary caregiver rather than the fathers?
Women are seen as the best primary caregiver as fathers are often not psychologically equipped for intense emotional relationships. The biology of the female hormone oestrogen underlies caring behaviour so women are more oriented towards emotional relationships.
What is the reason against the mother being the primary caregiver rather than the fathers?
Men are quite capable of forming close attachments with their children. The view that men aren’t as emotional in outdated. Gettler et al (2011) found that a father testosterone level drops in order to hep a man respond more sensitively to children’s needs.
What is the reason for using conditioning techniques at home?
Conditioning techniques help shape positive behaviour in the home. Gill (1998) encouraged chores with pocket money. This technique meant that 20% of chores were completed.
What is the reason against using conditioning techniques at home?
These techniques are criticised by childcare experts as it can cause long term emotional effects. Morris (2014) found that children can’t reflect & empathise or understand meaning that when punished, also many parents are not consistent with their punishments .
