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Paediatrics > DDx > Flashcards

DDx Flashcards

1
Q

Maculopapular rash

A

Viral: measles, rubella, roseola, parvovirus B19
Bacterial: staph aureus, typhoid
Others: Kawasaki, JIA

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2
Q

Vesicular rash

A

Viral: VZV, HSV, HFMD
Bacterial: impetigo
Others: SJS

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3
Q

Purpuric rash

A

Viral: rubella
Bacterial: meningococcus, IE
Others: HSP, thrombocytopenia, malaria

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4
Q

Prolonged fever

A

Inf: localized (osteomyelitis), difficult to treat (TB)
Inflammation: KD, IBD, JIA, SLE
Mal
Endocrine: thyrotoxicosis

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5
Q

Acute cough

A

Inf: URT (URTI, croup), LRT (bronchiolitis, pneumonia)
Asthma exacerbation
Chem: FB aspiration, GERD

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6
Q

Chronic cough

A 
Inf: URT (post viral cough), LRT (TB, bronchiectasis, pertussis)
Allergy: asthma, allergic rhinitis
Chem: GERD
Drug: ACEI
Structural: tracheomalacia, TEF
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7
Q

Stridor

A

Inf: croup, epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis
FB, angioedema, aspiration
Subglottic spasm

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8
Q

Wheeze

A

Inf: bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia

Asthma, aspiration

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9
Q

Seizure

A

Febrile seizure
Epileptic seizure: idiopathic, epilepsy syndromes, neurocutaneous syndromes, provoked
Paroxysmal episodes: breath-holding spells

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10
Q

Early onset NNJ

A

Hemat: hemolysis (ABO, Rh, G6PD), polycythemia, concealed hemorrhage
Congenital inf, sepsis

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11
Q

Intermediate onset NNJ

A

Physiological
Breast feeding
Cephalohematoma

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12
Q

Prolonged NNJ

A

Unconjugated: breast milk, congenital hypothyroidism, IO, hemolysis (G6PD, HS), inf (UTI)
Conjugated: biliary obstruction, neonatal hepatitis, inspissated bile

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13
Q

Puffy eyes / edema

A

High hydrostatic pressure: HF, RF, GN, liver cirrhosis
Low oncotic pressure: LF, protein-losing enteropathy, nephrotic
High vascular permeability: sepsis, drug

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14
Q

Frothy urine

A

Physiological
Glomerular: primary (MCD, FSGS), secondary (AI, inf)
Tubular: drug, ATN
Overflow: MM, rhabdomyolysis, amyloidosis

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15
Q

Hematuria

A

Factitious
Glomerular: immune (nephritic), congenital (Alport)
Non-glomerular: urinary tract (inf, tumour, infarct), bleeding tendency

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16
Q

HT

A 
Primary (essential)
Renal: GN, Wilm’s tumour, CKD
Endocrine: Cushing, hyperthyroid, hyperaldosterone, pheochromocytoma
Vascular: CoA, RVT, RAS
Respi: OSA
17
Q

Vomiting in neonates

A

GI: UGI (esophageal atresia, pyloric stenosis, GERD, TEF), LGI (intestinal atresia, malrotation w/ volvulus)
Inf: sepsis
Increased ICP
Metabolic: IEM, CAH

18
Q

Vomiting in children

A 
GI: appendicitis, intussusception
Inf: AOM, UTI, GE
Increased ICP
Metabolic: DKA
Testicular torsion, pregnancy
19
Q

Acute diarrhea

A

Inf: GI, non-GI (AOM, CNS, UTI)

Non-inf: Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis, IBD w/ toxic megacolon, endocrine (CAH, hyperthyroid)

20
Q

Chronic diarrhea

A

Osmotic: malabs, cow’s milk pr intolerance
Secretory: cholera, VIPoma
Dysmotility: IBS, hyperthyroid
Steatorrhea: pancreatic insufficiency, celiac
IBD, mal

21
Q

Bloody diarrhea in neonate

A

NEC, malrotation w/ volvulus

Trauma

22
Q

Bloody diarrhea in children

A

Inf: GI, non-GI (AOM, CNS, UTI)
Structural: diverculitis, intussusception, anal fistula, hemorrhoid
Inflammatory: IBD, juvenile polyp
Trauma

23
Q

Acute abdominal pain

A

GI: inf (GE, appendicitis), obst (intussusception), trauma
Non-GI inf: UTI, cholecystitis, LL pneumonia
GU: stone, torsion, ectopic, PID, endometriosis
Systemic: DKA, HSP

24
Q

Recurrent abdominal pain

A

GI: func (IBS), anatomical (IBD, PUD)
HBP: gallstone
GU: PID, UTI, dysmenorrhea
Psychosocial

25
Q

LOW

A 
Mal
AI: SLE, RA
Endocrine: DM, hyperthyroid
Chronic inf: TB
Chronic disease: CHD, CKD
Psychi: depression, eating disorder
26
Q

FTT

A

Poor intake: impaired sucking, environmental, anorexia
Poor retention: GERD, vomiting
Poor absorption: IBD, lactose intolerance
Poor utilization: hypothyroid
Increased req: chronic disease & inf

27
Q

Obesity

A

Genetic: Prader-Willi, Beckwith-Wiedemann
Environmental
Endocrine: hypothyroid, Cushing

28
Q

Single joint pain

A 
Inf: septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, reactive arthrtis
Mal: leukemia, bone tumour
Trauma
Hemat: hemophilia
Orthopedic: SCFE, Perthe’s
Inflammatory: JIA, SLE, HSP, SpA
29
Q

Multiple joint pain

A 
Inf: rheumatic fever
Inflammatory: SLE, JIA, HSP, SpA
Hemat
Mal
Trauma
30
Q

Bruising

A

Thrombocytopenia: ITP, HUS/TTP, DIC, leukemia
Coagulopathy: vWD, hemophilia
Disrupted vessel integrity: trauma, HSP, meningococcus

31
Q

Speech delay

A 
Expressive: cleft lip/palate
Receptive: HL
Environmental
GDD, CP
Psychi: autism, selective mutism
Genetic: Down, Fragile X
32
Q

Syncope

A 
Vasovagal
Seizure
Hyperventilation
Arrhythmia: cardiac, others (thyrotoxicosis, drugs, anxiety, anemia, caffeine)
Hypogly
33
Q

Short stature

A

Physiological: constitutional delay, genetic short stature
Pathological
- Proportionate: syndromic (Turner), chronic disease
- Disproportionate: rickets, skeletal dysplasia

34
Q

Motor delay

A

CP
Neuro-motor disorders: SMA, DMD, congenital myopathy
Acquired e.g. spinal cord injury, tumour

35
Q

HL

A

Sensorineural
- Genetic: single gene, syndromic (Alport, Down)
- Env: prenatal (inf, drug), perinatal (birth asphyxia, NNJ, meningitis), postnatal (meningitis, OM, neoplasm)
Conductive: earwax, impaired movement of tympanic membrane (AOM, OME, perforation)

36
Q

Low exercise tolerance

A

CV: CHD, arrhythmia
Respi: asthma, bronchiectasis, CF
Neuro: SMA, DMD

Paediatrics (10 decks)

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